1632

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The Battle of Rain.

King Gustavus Adolphus of Sweden of Sweden is killed in the Battle of Lützen.

Rembrandt paints the Anatomy Lesson of Dr. Nicolaes Tulp.

1632 (MDCXXXII) was a leap year starting on Thursday (dominical letter DC) of the Gregorian calendar and a leap year starting on Sunday (dominical letter AG) of the Julian calendar, the 1632nd year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 632nd year of the 2nd millennium, the 32nd year of the 17th century, and the 3rd year of the 1630s decade. As of the start of 1632, the Gregorian calendar was 10 days ahead of the Julian calendar, which remained in localized use until 1918.

Events

January–June

• February 22 – Galileo's Dialogue Concerning the Two Chief World Systems is published.
• March 29 – The Treaty of Saint-Germain is signed, returning Quebec to French control after the English had seized it in 1629.
• March – Thirty Years' War – Gustavus Adolphus of Sweden invades Bavaria with his army.
• April 15 – Thirty Years' War – Gustavus Adolphus defeats Tilly for the second time within a year at the Battle of Rain. Tilly is severely wounded during the battle.
• April 30 – Thirty Years' War – Johan Tzerclaes, Count of Tilly and commander of the Catholic League armies, dies from wounds sustained at the battle of Rain.
• May – Thirty Years' War – Munich, capital of Bavaria, is captured by the Swedish army.
• June 15 – Sir Francis Windebank is made chief Secretary of State in England.
• June 20 – Charles I of England issues a charter for the colony of Maryland (named in honor of Henrietta Maria), under the control of Lord Baltimore.
• June 20 – Two ships, the “Saint Jean” (250 tons) and the “L'Esperance-En-Dieu”, set sail from La Rochelle, bound for Acadia.
• June 25 – Susenyos' son, Emperor Fasilides, declares the state religion of Ethiopia to again be Ethiopian Orthodox Christianity, confiscates the lands of the Jesuit missionaries, relegating them to Fremona.
• June – Eighty Years' War – Leading a Dutch army, Frederick Henry, Prince of Orange captures in short succession the cities of Venlo, Roermond and Sittard, before besieging the city of Maastricht.

July–December

• July 23 – Three hundred colonists for New France depart Dieppe.
• August 22 – Eighty Years' War – A Dutch army led by Frederick Henry, Prince of Orange, captures the city of Maastricht after a two-month siege.
• September 1 – A rebellion against French king Louis XIII is crushed at the Battle of Castelnaudary. The leader of the rebellion, Gaston, Duke of Orléans, the brother of Louis XIII, surrenders.
• September 9 – Thirty Years' War – Besieged by Wallenstein at Nuremberg, Swedish king Gustavus Adolphus attempts to break the siege, but is defeated in the Battle of the Alte Veste.
• October 15 – Official opening of the University of Tartu in Swedish Livonia.
• October 30 – Henry II, Duke of Montmorency, is executed for his participation in the rebellion of Gaston, Duke of Orléans against the French king Louis XIII.
• November 8 – Wladyslaw IV Waza is elected king of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth after Sigismund III Vasa's death.
• November 16
  • Thirty Years' War – Battle of Lützen – Swedish king Gustavus II Adolphus leads an assault on Wallenstein's army, but is killed early in the battle. Despite the king's death, the Swedish commanders manage to rally the army and eventually defeat Wallenstein's army. As a result, Wallenstein withdraws from Saxony.
  • Following the death of Gustavus Adolphus, king of Sweden, he is succeeded by his 6 year old daughter Christina while five regents, headed by Axel Oxenstierna, govern the country since she is underage.
• November 17 – Thirty Years' War – Gottfried zu Pappenheim, Field Marshal of the Holy Roman Empire, dies from wounds sustained in the Battle of Lützen.

Date unknown

• Fasilides succeeds his father Susenyos as Emperor of Ethiopia.
• Antigua and Barbuda is first colonized by England.
• The Portuguese driven out of Bengal.
• Yakutsk, Russia is founded.
• King Władysław IV Vasa of Poland forbids antisemitic books and printings.
• Taj Mahal construction begins.
• Catharina Stopia succeed her spouse as Sweden's ambassador to Russia, and become the perhaps first female diplomat in Europe.^[1]

Births

Adam Frans van der Meulen born 11 January

Catherine of St. Augustine born 3 May

Christopher Wren born 20 October

Erik Benzelius the Elder born 16 December

Abbas II of Persia born 31 December

January–March

• January 1
  • Claude de Choiseul-Francières, Marshal of France (d. 1711)
  • Anne de La Grange-Trianon, French courtier (d. 1707)
• January 3 – Sir John Duke, 2nd Baronet, Member of Parliament of England (d. 1705)
• January 8 – Samuel von Pufendorf, German jurist (d. 1694)
• January 11
  • Adam Frans van der Meulen, Flemish Baroque painter specialising in battle scenes (d. 1690)
  • John Platt, American settler (d. 1705)
• January 14 – Gustavus Adolphus of the Palatinate, German noble (d. 1641)
• January 26 – Marie Charlotte de la Trémoille, French noble (d. 1682)
• January 29
  • Elsa Elisabeth Brahe, Swedish countess and duchess (d. 1689)
  • Johann Georg Graevius, German classical scholar and critic (d. 1703)
• February 11 – Francisco de Aguiar y Seijas, Spanish cleric and bishop (d. 1698)
• February 12 – Charles Aubert de La Chesnaye, French businessman active in Canada (d. 1702)
• February 18 – Giovanni Battista Vitali, Italian composer (d. 1692)
• February 20 – Thomas Osborne, 1st Duke of Leeds (d. 1712)
• February 24 – Antoine Benoist, French painter (d. 1717)
• February 29 – Juriaen van Streeck, Dutch painter (d. 1687)
• March 8 – Davide Cocco Palmieri (d. 1711)
• March 13 – John Houblon, first Governor of the Bank of England from 1694 to 1697 (d. 1712)
• March 21 – Sir John Hotham, 2nd Baronet, Member of the House of Commons of England (d. 1689)
• March 25 – John Temple, Irish politician (d. 1705)
• March 27 – Gustav Adolph, Count of Nassau-Saarbrücken and General sergeant of the Holy Roman Empire at the Rhine (d. 1677)
• March 30 – John Proctor, farmer and tavern keeper in Massachusetts (d. 1692)

April–June

• April 2 – Georg Caspar Wecker, German composer (d. 1695)
• April 6
  • Maria Leopoldine of Austria, Holy Roman Empress (d. 1649)
  • Simon Philip, Count of Lippe-Detmold (1636–1650) (d. 1650)
• April 12 – Henry Chauncy, British antiquarian (d. 1719)
• April 19 – Charles Cornwallis, 2nd Baron Cornwallis, Member of Parliament (d. 1673)
• April 21 – Sir Hugh Smith, 1st Baronet, Member of Parliament (d. 1680)
• May 1 – Friedrich Spanheim the Younger, Calvinist theologian (d. 1701)
• May 3 – Catherine of St. Augustine, French nun and nurse of New France (d. 1668)
• May 8 – Heino Heinrich Graf von Flemming, German field marshal and Governor of Berlin (d. 1706)
• May 13 – Nicolas Pitau, engraver (d. 1671)
• May 15 – Adolf William, Duke of Saxe-Eisenach (d. 1668)
• May 16 – Jeremias van Rensselaer, Dutch colonial governor (d. 1674)
• May 17 – John Hall, English politician (d. 1711)
• June 10 – Esprit Fléchier, French writer and Bishop of Nîmes (d. 1710)
• June 14 – Jean Gallois, French scholar and abbé (d. 1707)

July–September

• July 3 – Tylman van Gameren, Dutch architect (d. 1706)
• July 15 – Thomas Seamer, Founding settler of Norwalk, Connecticut (d. 1712)
• July 21 – Sir Hugh Cholmeley, 4th Baronet, English politician (d. 1689)
• August 2 – Kaspar von Stieler (d. 1707)
• August 13 – François-Séraphin Régnier-Desmarais, French diplomat and writer (d. 1713)
• August 15 – Valentine Hollingsworth (d. 1710)
• August 20 – Louis Bourdaloue, French Jesuit and preacher (d. 1704)
• August 27 – Johannetta of Sayn-Wittgenstein, German noblewoman member of the House of Sponheim (d. 1701)
• August 29 – John Locke, English philosopher (d. 1704)
• September 3 – John Tregonwell, Member of the Parliament of England (d. 1682)
• September 14 – Francis Hyacinth, Duke of Savoy (d. 1638)
• September 15 – François Adhémar de Monteil, Comte de Grignan, French aristocrat (d. 1714)
• September 23 – Agatha Christine of Hanau-Lichtenberg, German noblewoman (d. 1681)
• September 29 – George III, Landgrave of Hesse-Itter (1661–1676) (d. 1676)

October–December

• October 1 – George Durant, attorney (d. 1692)
• October 18 – Thomas Proby, English politician (d. 1689)
• October 20
  • Pedro Antonio Fernández de Castro, 10th Count of Lemos, Viceroy of Peru (d. 1672)
  • Edward Hungerford, English politician (d. 1711)
  • Sir Christopher Wren, English architect, astronomer, and mathematician (d. 1723)
• October 21 – William Hedges, the first governor of the East India Company (d. 1701)
• October 24 – Anton van Leeuwenhoek, Dutch scientist (d. 1723)
• October 25
  • Louise Boyer, French noble (d. 1697)
  • Charles Dormer, 2nd Earl of Carnarvon, English noble (d. 1709)
  • Francis Mezger, Austrian Benedictine academic and writer (d. 1701)
• October 28 – Antoine Massoulié, French Dominican theologian (d. 1706)
• October 29 – Enno Louis, Prince of East Frisia, Frisian prince (d. 1660)
• October 31 – Johannes Vermeer, Dutch painter (d. 1675)
• November 16 – Sir Anthony Cope, 4th Baronet, Member of the Parliament of England (d. 1675)
• November 23 – Jean Mabillon, French Benedictine monk and scholar of the Congregation of Saint Maur (d. 1707)
• November 24 – Baruch Spinoza, Dutch philosopher (d. 1677)
• November 26 – Philipp Ludwig III, Count of Hanau-Münzenberg (1638–1641) (d. 1641)
• November 28 – Jean-Baptiste Lully, Italian-born French composer (d. 1687)
• December 9 – William Clayton, acting Governor of the Pennsylvania Colony in 1684–1685 (d. 1689)
• December 16 – Erik Benzelius the Elder (d. 1709)
• December 17 – Anthony Wood, English antiquarian (d. 1695)
• December 24
  • Matthias Petersen, sea captain and whaler from the North Frisian island of Föhr (d. 1706)
  • Ōkubo Tadatomo, Daimyo (d. 1712)
• December 31 – Abbas II of Persia, Shah of Iran (d. 1666)
• date unknown - Bárbara Coronel, Spanish stage actress (d. 1691)
  • Feodosia Morozova, Russian religious dissident martyr (d. 1675)

Deaths

Tokugawa Hidetada died 14 March

• January 31 – Joost Bürgi, Swiss clockmaker and mathematician (b. 1552)
• February 7 – Margherita Gonzaga, Duchess of Lorraine (b. 1591)
• March 14 – Tokugawa Hidetada, Japanese shogun (b. 1579)
• March – Gazi Hüsrev Pasha, Ottoman grand vizier (date of birth unknown)
• April 19 – Sigismund III Vasa, King of Sweden (1592–1599) and Poland (1587–1632) (b. 1566)
• April 30 – Johan Tzerclaes, Count of Tilly, Bavarian general (b. 1559)
• May 24 – Robert Hues, English mathematician and geographer (b. 1553)
• May 25 – Adam Tanner, Austrian mathematician and philosopher (b. 1572)
• June 22 – James Whitelocke, English judge (b. 1570)
• July 22 – Juan Niño de Tabora, Spanish general and governor of the Philippines (date of birth unknown)
• August 25 – Thomas Dekker, English dramatist (b. c.1572)
• September 13 – Leopold V of Austria, regent of Tyrol (b. 1586)
• October 12 – Kutsuki Mototsuna, Japanese samurai commander (b. 1549)
• October 30 – Henri II de Montmorency, French naval officer and Governor of Languedoc (b. 1595)
• November 9 – Miyake Yasunobu, Japanese daimyo (b. 1563)
• November 16 – King Gustavus Adolphus of Sweden (in battle) (b. 1594)
• November 17 – Gottfried Heinrich Graf zu Pappenheim, Bavarian field marshal (b. 1594)
• November 27 – John Eliot, English statesman (b. 1592)
• November 29 – Frederick V, Elector Palatine (b. 1596)
• December 7 – Emperor Susenyos of Ethiopia (b. 1607)
• December 8 – Philippe van Lansberge, Flemish astronomer (b. 1561)
• date unknown
  • Domhnall Spainneach Mac Murrough Caomhanach, last de facto King of Leinster
  • Zhu Guozhen, Ming dynasty official, historian and scholar (b. 1557)

References