1824

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1824 (MDCCCXXIV) was a leap year starting on Thursday (dominical letter DC) of the Gregorian calendar and a leap year starting on Tuesday (dominical letter FE) of the Julian calendar, the 1824th year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 824th year of the 2nd millennium, the 24th year of the 19th century, and the 5th year of the 1820s decade. As of the start of 1824, the Gregorian calendar was 12 days ahead of the Julian calendar, which remained in localized use until 1918.

Events

January–March

• January 8 – After much controversy, Michael Faraday is finally elected as a member of the Royal Society with only one vote against him.
• January 22 – The Ashanti crush British forces in the Gold Coast, killing the British governor Sir Charles MacCarthy (see also Wars between Britain and Ashanti in Ghana and Ashanti Confederacy).
• January 24 – First issue of the radical quarterly founded by Jeremy Bentham, The Westminster Review, is published in London.
• February 10 – Simón Bolívar is proclaimed dictator of Peru.
• February 21 – Chumash Revolt of 1824 begins against the Spanish presence in California.
• March 5 – First Anglo-Burmese War begins.
• March 7 – Florida State Capitol moves from St. Augustine, Florida to Tallahassee.
• March 11 – The United States War Department creates the Bureau of Indian Affairs.
• March 17 – The Anglo-Dutch Treaty of 1824 is signed.

April–June

• May–July – King Kamehameha II of Hawaii and his Queen Consort Kamāmalu make a state visit to London, where they both die of smallpox.
• May 7 – Première of Beethoven's Symphony No. 9 (the "Choral") at the Theater am Kärntnertor in Vienna. The deaf composer has to be turned around on the stage to witness the enthusiastic audience reaction.
• May 24 – The British take Rangoon, Burma in the First Anglo-Burmese War.
• June 16 – The Royal Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals is established in Great Britain.

July–September

• August 16 – Lafayette visits the United States, departing in September 7, 1825
• September 13 – With his crew and 29 convicts aboard the Amity, John Oxley arrives at and founds the Moreton Bay Penal Settlement at what is now Redcliffe in Queensland, Australia, after leaving Sydney.
• September 16 – Charles X succeeds his brother Louis XVIII as King of France.

October–December

• October 4 – First Constitution of Mexico enacted, declaring the country to be a federal republic.
• October 10 – The Edinburgh Town Council founds the Edinburgh Municipal Fire Brigade, the first fire brigade in Britain, under the leadership of James Braidwood.
• October 21 – Joseph Aspdin patents Portland cement.
• November 5 – Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, the first technological university in the English-speaking world, is founded in Troy, New York.
• November 19 [O.S. November 7] – In the worst flood to date in Saint Petersburg, water rises 421 cm above normal and 200 lose their lives.
• November 30 – The first sod is turned in Ontario, for the first of four Welland Canals (the canal opens for a trial run exactly 5 years later to the day).
• December 3 – U.S. presidential election, 1824: None of the four candidates for U.S. President gain a majority of the electoral votes, so the election is thrown into the U.S. House of Representatives.
• December 9 – Battle of Ayacucho: Peruvian forces defeat the Spanish.
• December 23 – Chief Pushmataha of the Choctaw Nation dies in Washington.
• December 24 – The First American Fraternity, Chi Phi (ΧΦ), is founded at Princeton University.

Lafayette, portrait by Joseph-Désiré Court

• December 28 – Bathurst War comes to an end with the defeat of the Wiradjuri.

Date unknown

• The Egyptians capture Crete.
• The Montparnasse Cemetery is established in Paris, France.
• The Dutch sign the Masang Agreement, temporarily ending hostilities in the Padri War.
• The name Australia, recommended by Matthew Flinders in 1804, is finally adopted as the official name of the country once known as New Holland.
• The Panoramagram is developed, creating the first volumetric display.
• The Fort Vancouver trading post is established on the lower Columbia River by the Hudson's Bay Company.
• The Colorado potato beetle is discovered by Thomas Say.

Births

January–June

Bedřich Smetana

Gustav Kirchhoff

William Thomson, 1st Baron Kelvin

• January 7 – Julia Kavanagh, Irish novelist (d. 1877)
• January 8 – Wilkie Collins, British novelist (d. 1889)
• January 15 – Marie Duplessis, French courtesan (d. 1847)
• January 21 – Thomas Jonathan "Stonewall" Jackson, American Confederate general (d. 1863)
• February 7 – William Huggins, British astronomer (d. 1910)
• February 8 – Barnard Elliott Bee, Jr., Confederate general (d. 1861)
• February 12 – Dayananda Saraswati, Hindu religious leader and a Vedic scholar who founded the reform movement, Arya Samaj (died 1883)
• February 14 – Winfield Scott Hancock, American Civil War Union general (d. 1886)
• February 16 – Peter Kosler, Slovenian cartographer and geographer (d. 1879)
• February 27 – Prince Kuni Asahiko (d. 1891)
• March 2 – Bedřich Smetana, Czech composer (d. 1885)
• March 9 – Amasa Leland Stanford, Governor of California (d. 1893)
• March 12 – Gustav Kirchhoff, German physicist (d. 1887)
• March 19 – William Allingham, Irish author (d. 1889)
• March 22 – Charles Pfizer, German-American chemist and co-founder of Pfizer (d. 1906)
• March 25 – Clinton L. Merriam, American politician (d. 1900)
• March 27 – Johann Wilhelm Hittorf, German physicist (d. 1914)
• April 13 – William Alexander, Anglican bishop and Primate of All Ireland (d. 1911)
• May 6 – Tokugawa Iesada, 13th shogun of Tokugawa shogunate of Japan (d. 1858)
• May 9 – Jacob ben Moses Bachrach, noted apologist of Rabbinic Judaism (d. 1896)
• May 16 – Levi P. Morton, 22nd Vice President of the United States (d. 1920)
• May 23 – Ambrose Burnside, American Civil War general, inventor, politician from Rhode Island (d. 1881)
• June 7 – Bernhard von Gudden, German neuroanatomist and psychiatrist (d. 1886)
• June 20 – George Edmund Street, British architect (d. 1881)
• June 26 – William Thomson, 1st Baron Kelvin, Irish-born physicist and engineer (d. 1907)
• June 28 – Paul Broca, French physician and anthropologist (d. 1880)
• July 12 – Eugène Boudin, French painter (d. 1898)

July–December

Dayananda Saraswati

• July 21 – Stanley Matthews, American politician and Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States (d. 1889)
• July 27 – Alexandre Dumas, fils, French writer (d. 1895)
• August 3 – William Burnham Woods, Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States (d. 1887)
• August 7 – Gideon T. Stewart, American temperance movement leader (d. 1907)
• September 4
  • Anton Bruckner, Austrian composer (d. 1896)
  • Phoebe Cary, American poet, sister to Alice Cary (1820–1871) (d. 1871)
• September 27 – Benjamin Apthorp Gould, American astronomer (d. 1896)
• October 2 – Henry C. Lord, American railroad executive (d. 1884)
• October 5 – Henry Chadwick, baseball writer and historian (d. 1908)
• October 18 – Juan Valera y Alcalá-Galiano, Spanish author (d. 1905)
• October 27 – Edward Maitland, British writer (d. 1897)
• November 24 – Frederick Miller, German-American brewer and businessman (d. 1888)
• December 10 – George MacDonald, Scottish writer (d. 1905)
• December 11 – Jonathan Letterman, American surgeon and "Father of Battlefield Medicine" (d. 1872)
• December 14 – Pierre Puvis de Chavannes, French painter (d. 1898)
• December 27 – Charlotta Norberg, Swedish Ballerina (d. 1892)

Deaths

January–June

• January 21 – Jean-Baptiste Drouet, French revolutionary (b. 1765)
• January 26 – Théodore Géricault, French painter (b. 1791)
• February 21 – Eugène de Beauharnais, son of Joséphine de Beauharnais (b. 1781)
• April 19 – George Gordon Byron, 6th Baron Byron, English poet (b. 1788)
• May 15 – Johann Philipp Stadion, Count von Warthausen, statesman (b. 1763)
• May 26 – Capel Lofft, English writer (b. 1751)
• May 29 – Jean-Baptiste Willermoz, French Freemason (b. 1730)
• June 16 – Charles-François Lebrun, duc de Plaisance, Third Consul of France (b. 1739)
• June 18 – Ferdinand III, Grand Duke of Tuscany (b. 1769)
• June 21 – Étienne Aignan, French writer (b. 1773)

July–December

Louis XVIII of France

• July 14 – Kamehameha II, King of Hawaii (b. 1797)
• July 19 – Agustín de Iturbide, Emperor of Mexico (b. 1783)
• July 20 – Maine de Biran, philosopher (b. 1766)
• July 21 – Buddha Loetla Nabhalai, King of Siam (b. 1767)
• August 12 – Charles Nerinckx, founder of the Sisters of Loretto (b. 1761)
• September 16 – Louis XVIII of France (b. 1755)
• October 30 – Charles Maturin, Irish writer (b. 1773)
• December 5 – Anne Louise Boyvin d'Hardancourt Brillon de Jouy, French confidant of Benjamin Franklin (b. 1744)

References