4,4'-Thiodianiline
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| Names | |
|---|---|
| IUPAC name
4-(4-Aminophenyl)sulfanylaniline | |
| Other names
p,p′-Thiodianiline; Bis(4-aminophenyl) sulfide; 4,4'-Thioaniline | |
| Identifiers | |
| 139-65-1 | |
| 3D model (Jmol) | Interactive image |
| ChEBI | CHEBI:82374 |
| ChEMBL | ChEMBL348856 |
| ChemSpider | 8435 |
| ECHA InfoCard | 100.004.883 |
| EC Number | 205-370-9 |
| KEGG | C19303  |
| PubChem | 8765 |
| |
| |
| Properties | |
| C12H12N2S | |
| Molar mass | 216.3 g/mol |
| Appearance | Brown-brown violet powder or needles |
| Density | 1.26 g/cm3 |
| Melting point | 105 to 107 °C (221 to 225 °F; 378 to 380 K) |
| Boiling point | 464.8 °C (868.6 °F; 738.0 K) @ 760mmHg |
| Hazards | |
| Flash point | 234.9 °C (454.8 °F; 508.0 K) |
| Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa). | |
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| Infobox references | |
4,4'-Thiodianiline (TDA) is an aromatic amine which is presumed to be carcinogenic to humans.
Chemical structure and properties
TDA is not combustible, but when heated it may decompose to form irritating and toxic fumes. An analogue of TDA is dapsone.
Synthesis
Sulfur is boiled in excess aniline over several hours to produce three isomers (1,1'; 1,4; 4,4') of TDA.[1] The same journal documents syntheses of similar and overlapping compounds by Merz and Weith in 1871, and K. A. Hoffman in 1894. A study by Nietzki and Bothof[2] shows indications that including an oxide of lead may maximize the yield of the 4,4' variant that this page refers to.
Uses
TDA was used as a chemical intermediate in the production of three dyes: CI mordant yellow 16, milling red G and milling red FR, as well as the medicine Dapsone.
Production
TDA is no longer produced in the USA.
Toxicity
TDA has caused mutations in some strains of Salmonella typhimurium and has caused tumors in laboratory mice and rats.
References
- ↑ Hodgson, Herbert Henry. "Direct sulphuration of aniline". J. Chem. Soc., Trans. 1924 (125): 1855–1858. doi:10.1039/CT9242501855. Retrieved 11 February 2016.
- ↑ Nietzki, R; Bothof, Heinrich (1894). "The Understanding of Thioanilines". Reports of the German Chemical Society. Wiley-VCH. 27 (3): 3261–3263. doi:10.1002/cber.189402703119. Retrieved 11 February 2016.