Duchess Anna Amalia of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel
| Duchess Anna Amalia | |
|---|---|
| Ducess of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach | |
.JPG) | |
| Duchess consort of Saxe-Weimar | |
| Tenure | 1756-1758 |
| Duchess consort of Saxe-Eisenach | |
| Tenure | 1756-1758 |
| Regent of Saxe-Weimar | |
| Tenure | 1758-1775 |
| Regent of Saxe-Eisenach | |
| Tenure | 1758-1775 |
| Born |
24 October 1739 Wolfenbüttel |
| Died |
10 April 1807 (aged 67) Weimar |
| Spouse | Ernest Augustus II, Duke of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach |
| Issue |
Karl August, Grand Duke of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach Prince Frederick Ferdinand |
| House |
House of Brunswick-Bevern House of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach |
| Father | Charles I, Duke of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel |
| Mother | Princess Philippine Charlotte of Prussia |
Anna Amalia of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel (24 October 1739 – 10 April 1807), was a German princess and composer. She became the duchess of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach, by marriage, and was also regent of the states of Saxe-Weimar and Saxe-Eisenach from 1758 to 1775. She transformed her court and its surrounding into the most influential cultural center of Germany.
Family
She was born in Wolfenbüttel, the ninth child of Karl I, Duke of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel and Princess Philippine Charlotte of Prussia. Her maternal grandparents were Frederick William I of Prussia and Sophia Dorothea of Hanover.
Marriage
In Brunswick on 16 March 1756 she married Ernst August II Konstantin, Duke of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach. Ernst August died in 1758 leaving her regent for their infant son, Karl August.
Regency
During Karl August's minority she administered the affairs of the duchy with notable prudence, strengthening its resources and improving its position in spite of the troubles of the Seven Years' War. In 1775, with her son having attained his maturity, she retired.
Cultural role
As a patron of art and literature she drew many of the most eminent men in Germany to Weimar, including Johann Gottfried Herder, Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, Friedrich Schiller and Abel Seyler's theatrical company. When Anna Amalia succeeded in engaging the Seyler Company, this was "an extremely fortunate coup. The Seyler Company was the best theatre company in Germany at that time."[1] Amalia von Helvig was also later to be a part of her court. She hired Christoph Martin Wieland, a poet and translator of William Shakespeare, to educate her son. She also established the Duchess Anna Amalia Library, which is now home to some 1,000,000 volumes. The duchess was honoured in Goethe's work under the title Zum Andenken der Fürstin Anna-Amalia.
Anna Amalia was a notable composer. Among her significant works is a symphony for two oboes, two flutes, two violins, and double bass (1765), a tripartite oratorio (1768), an opera called Erwin und Elmire (1776), based on a text by Goethe, and a divertimento for piano, clarinet, viola, and violoncello (around 1780).[2]
Ancestry
References and sources
- References
- ↑ "Herzogin Anna Amalie von Weimar und ihr Theater," in Robert Keil (ed.), Goethe's Tagebuch aus den Jahren 1776–1782, Veit, 1875, p. 69
- ↑ ANNA AMALIA von Braunschweig-Wolfenbüttel. Biographisch-Bibliographisches Kirchenlexikon, retrieved February 25, 2011
- Sources
This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Anna Amalia". Encyclopædia Britannica (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press.
Further reading
- F. Bornhak, Anna Amalia, Herzogin von Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach, Berlin, Germany: 1892
- Carl August Hugo Burkhardt (1875), "Amalia, Herzogin von Sachsen-Weimar-Eisenach", Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB) (in German), 1, Leipzig: Duncker & Humblot, pp. 386–387
External links
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Wikimedia Commons has media related to Anna Amalia, Duchess of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach. |
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Wikisource has the text of a 1905 New International Encyclopedia article about Duchess Anna Amalia of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel. |
- PRNewsWire: Goethe's forbidden love for Anna Amalia
- Death Mask of Ann Amalia Of Brunswick
- Free scores by Duchess Anna Amalia of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel at the International Music Score Library Project
- "Amalia, Anna". The American Cyclopædia. 1879.
| Duchess Anna Amalia of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel Cadet branch of the House of Welf Born: 24 October 1739 Died: 10 April 1807 | ||
| German royalty | ||
|---|---|---|
| Vacant Title last held by Sophie Charlotte of Brandenburg-Bayreuth |
Duchess consort of Saxe-Weimar 16 March 1756 – 28 May 1758 |
Vacant Title next held by Louise of Hesse-Darmstadt |
| Duchess consort of Saxe-Eisenach 16 March 1756 – 28 May 1758 | ||