August Mentzel Tenement
| August Mentzel Tenement | |
|---|---|
| Polish: Kamienica Augusta Mentzla | |
 View from Gdanska Street | |
  Location within Poland | |
| General information | |
| Type | Habitation building |
| Architectural style | Vienna Secession |
| Location | Bydgoszcz, Poland |
| Address | Gdanska Street 5 |
| Town or city | Bydgoszcz |
| Country | Poland |
| Coordinates | 53°07′29″N 18°00′09″E / 53.12472°N 18.00250°E |
| Completed | 1853 |
| Renovated | 1909 |
| Technical details | |
| Floor count | 5 |
| Design and construction | |
| Architect | Rudolf Kern |
 |
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The August Mentzel Tenement is a habitation house located in Gdańska Street, Bydgoszcz.
History
Building
The original building, owned by pharmacist Constantin August Mentzel, was established in 1853.[1] Later, a complex of buildings were built, designed by Heinrich Mautz. It consisted of a front wing and outbuildings. On the north side of the house, there was a garden growing onto the street.
And from 1863, August Mentzel ran a homeopathic pharmacy in that building. He used herbs from the garden to produce medicines and ointments sold in his shop.[2]
Later in 1909, the chemist Alfred Jacob who owned the building carried out a major refurbishment, carried out by the architect Rudolf Kern. The tenement was extended by a north wing, moving the garden to the back of the property. Renovation also changed the arrangement of the facade, which gave the actual sight of exteriors.
Now, the ground floor of the building still houses one of the oldest pharmacies of Bydgoszcz, "Pod Łabędziem" (Under the Swan).[3] In 2006, a sculptured golden swan, used as the signboard from the 19th century until the 1950s was fixed back onto the facade.
Pharmacy Under the Swan
The pharmacy Under the Swan, established on 27 December 1853, was the third in the city after pharmacies "Pod Czarnym Orłem" (Under the Black Eagle) and "Pod Złotym Orłem" (Under the Golden Eagle). During this period of time in Europe, pharmacies were often named after the names and values of animals. Thus, August Mentzel named his pharmacy Pod Łabędziem ("Under the Swan"), as this bird is associated with deep symbolism and its sign is easy to remember.[4]
Alfred Jacob bought the pharmacy from Constantin August Mentzel in 1895. He established a partnership with his son in law, Bruno Kazimierski, on June 1, 1923. Bruno became the sole owner of the building in October 1932, till the end of World War II.[5]
After World War II the pharmacy was leased by Poland to Henryk Kowalewski till January 1951, when it was nationalized, and was renamed "Social Pharmacy N°39".[5] The swan signboard was removed and taken to the Pharmacy Museum in Kraków. Around 1975, the pharmacy regained its traditional name.
Golden Swan
The gold alloy cast swan figure has been used as the pharmacy emblem probably since the opening. The figure is fixed on a beam protruding from the wall above the main entrance.[6]
In 1959, Dr. Stanisław Proń from the Museum of Pharmacy in Kraków, having received permission from the Ministry of Health, was traveling across Poland to collect interesting pharmacy antiques to add to the museum collections. He noticed the Bydgoszcz's swan and brought it to Kraków. The golden swan was discovered in the warehouse of the Kraków Museum of Pharmacy in Jagiellonian University and was given back to the Bydgoszcz Museum of Pharmacy in July 2006. The actual swan sign is an epoxy resin copy of the antique one, realized by a local artist, Bogusław Czerwiński.[7]
Pharmacy museum
On 27th December 2003, 150 years after the opening of the pharmacy, pharmacist and collector, Bartholomew Wodyński opened the Pharmacy Museum in Bydgoszcz, at the rear of Under the Swan building.[8]
Architecture
The house has a Vienna Secession decoration on the facade, which features stylized swan motifs. Art Nouveau style is typical of Rudolf Kern.[9] He also has erected or redesigned other buildings in Gdanska Street, notably;
- His own house, at Adam Mickiewicz Alley N°1;
- Tenement at Gdanska street 67;
- Eduard Schulz Tenement;
- House at Cieszkowski Street N°10.
Gallery
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Front Facade
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.JPG)
Detail of the porch
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Detailed Front upward view
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The Golden Swan
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The Golden Swan - closer view
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1910 Advertisement for the Pharmacy
See also
- Gdanska Street in Bydgoszcz
- (Polish) Bydgoszcz Pharmacy Museum
- (Polish) Rudolf Kern
- Kraków Museum of Pharmacy
Bibliography
- (Polish) Bręczewska-Kulesza Daria, Derkowska-Kostkowska Bogna, Wysocka A., [i inni]: Ulica Gdańska. Przewodnik historyczny, Bydgoszcz 2003
- (Polish) Ślusarczyk Wojciech: Łabędź z apteki. [w.] Kalendarz Bydgoski 2008
- (Polish) Aleksander Drygas, Wojciech Ślusarczyk - Collegium Medicum im. L. Rydygiera w Bydgoszczy/ Uniwersytet Mikołaja Kopernika w Toruniu - Biblioteka Muzeum Farmacji Apteki "Pod Łabędziem" w Bydgoszczy
External links
- (Polish) aptekapodlabedziem.net.pl (Site of the present pharmacy, with description of the museum)
- (Polish) z-labedziem-w-herbie (History of the Bydgoszcz pharmacy "Under the Swan")
- muzeumfarmacji (Site of the Pharmacy Museum of Kraków)
References
- ↑ Einwohner, Adress und Telefonbücher von Bromberg-1855-p.21
- ↑ Article about the museum on Polish Pharmacy Portal
- ↑ Aleksander Drygas, Wojciech Ślusarczyk- Toruńskie Studia Bibliologiczne 2013, nr 1 (10)
- ↑ "Pomorsko-Kujawska Okręgowa Izba Aptekarska". bydgoszcz.oia. bydgoszcz.oia. Retrieved 11 September 2016.
- 1 2 Bartosz Wachulec, Bartłomiej Wodyński (2003). APTEKA "Pod Łabędziem" w Bydgoszczy 150 Lat. Bydgoszcz: Bydgoski Dom Wydawniczy "Margrafsen". p. 126. ISBN 83-89449-40-4.
- ↑ XVIII Sympozjum Historii Farmacji - Lidia Maria Czyż - 2009.07.13
- ↑ Article on Wyborcza Bydgoszcz
- ↑ Article from "Polish Pharmacies" website
- ↑ Iwona Jastrzębska-Puzowska: Od miasteczka do metropolii. Rozwój architektoniczny i urbanistyczny Bydgoszczy w latach 1850-1920.
