Battle of Owyhee River

Battle of Owyhee River Part of the Indian Wars, Snake War Date 26 December 1866 Location Malheur County, Oregon Result U.S. victory Belligerents  United States Paiute Commanders and leaders George Crook Howluck (Big Foot) Strength 1st U.S. Cavalry[1] ~90 Casualties and losses 1 wounded 1 mortally wounded[2] 30 killed 7 captured[2]

Snake War Mud Lake Table Mountain Three Forks Owyhee River Steen's Mountain Infernal Caverns Castle Rock

The Battle of Owyhee River took place during the Snake War in 1866 in response to Paiute attacks along the Owyhee River earlier that year.^[2]

Background

Lt. Col. George Crook had recently arrived to assume command of the District of Boise in November, 1866. Crook set out with one company from the 1st U.S. Cavalry on December 18. Bad weather, rough terrain, growing opposition from his own ranks and unreliable guides all plagued Crook from the start. Yet, Crook pushed on until he reached the Paiute camp of Chief Howluck (Bigfoot) along the Owyhee River in southeast Oregon.^[3]

Battle

On the morning of December 26, Crook's men caught the Paiutes asleep in their camp.^[2] However, after the first shots were fired, Chief Howluck determined to stay and fight. The native warriors taunted the soldiers, who returned a deadly accurate fire on the warriors. Quickly into the fighting almost every mounted warrior was shot down. The rest sought refuge behind rocks, remaining there until mid-day when they retreated.^[3]

Aftermath

Crook had caused considerable damage to Howluck's warriors. 30 were killed and another 7 captured. Crook lost 1 man wounded and another mortally wounded. Crook commented the battle "...ended any more depredations from that band". Among the native horses and stores captured was a Wells Fargo mail pouch lost in the earlier Paiute raid. Crook did not immediately return to Boise, but continued his expedition engaging the Paiutes again at the battle of Steen's Mountain.

Notes

References

• Michno, Gregory (2003). Encyclopedia of Indian Wars: Western Battles and Skirmishes, 1850–1890. Missoula: Mountain Press Publishing Company. ISBN 0-87842-468-7. 
• Michno, Gregory, The Deadliest Indian War in the West: The Snake Conflict, 1864-1868. Caldwell: Caxton Press, 2007.
• The Snake War, 1864-1868, Idaho State Historical Society Reference Series #236, 1966