Binnya Dhammaraza

Binnya Dhammaraza ဗညားဓမ္မရာဇာ
King of Hanthawaddy
Reign	1421–1424
Predecessor	Razadarit
Successor	Binnya Ran I

Born	c. 1392/93 Pegu (Bago)
Died	1424 (aged 31)^[1] Pegu
Issue	Binnya Kyan
House	Wareru
Father	Razadarit
Religion	Theravada Buddhism

Binnya Dhammaraza (Burmese: ဗညားဓမ္မရာဇာ, pronounced: [bəɲá dəma̰jàzà]; c. 1392–1424) was the 10th king of the Hanthawaddy Pegu Kingdom in Burma from 1421 to 1424. He came to power after his father Razadarit died in a hunting accident but he never any real control of the kingdom. He faced both internal rebellions by his brothers Binnya Ran I and Binnya Kyan, and renewed invasions from the Ava Kingdom. While he survived the Ava invasions, the last of the Forty Years' War between Ava and Hanthawaddy kingdoms, he did not survive treachery by his brothers. In 1424, he was poisoned by his brother Binnya Ran, who succeeded the throne.

Life in brief

Various Burmese chronicles do not agree on the key dates of the king's life. He ascended to the throne in 1421 according to Razadarit Ayedawbon.^{[note 1]} (Razadarit Ayedawbon is considered the most authoritative chronicle of Hanthawaddy history but it ends at the death of King Razadarit.)

Chronicles	Birth–Death	Age	Reign	Length of reign
Slapat Rajawan^{[note 2]}	c. 1363–1405	31	1402–1405	3
Slapat adjusted^{[note 3]}	c. 1392–1424	31	1421–1424	3
Maha Yazawin and Hmannan Yazawin	not reported	not reported	1423–1426	3

Reign

Upon accession, Binnya Dhammaraza immediately faced rebellions by his younger brothers Binnya Ran and Binnya Kyan. Binnya Dhammaraza pacified Binnya Ran by making him the heir-apparent and governor of Bassein and the entire Irrawaddy delta. Binnya Kyan invited King Thihathu of Ava to invade the kingdom but became disillusioned with his alliance when Ava's troops plundered and looted towns. Binnya Dhammaraza again bought peace by giving Binnya Kyan the governorship of Martaban.^[2] Now, he was left with just Pegu of the three main provinces of the Hanthawaddy region.

Although he tried to buy peace and unity by giving territory to his brothers, his brothers were not satisfied. Binnya Kyan ruled Martaban as an independent king. Binnya Ran expanded his territory by occupying Dagon (Yangon), part of Pegu province. When the Ava forces came to occupy Dala opposite Dagon, Binnya Ran presented his sister Shin Sawbu to Thihathu, and bought peace. In 1424, Binnya Ran poisoned Binnya Dhammaraza and became the eleventh king of Hanthawaddy.^[3]

Notes

↑ (Pan Hla 2004: 356) says Razadarit died in 782 ME (1420/1421) at the age of 53 (in his 54th year). Since the king was born on 28 January 1368, he must have died between mid-January to 28 March 1421, the last day 782 ME.
↑ Slapat provides wildly divergent and inconsistent dates for the early Hanthawaddy history, including the reign of this king. (Slapat 1922: 49) has the king's death year as 1075 ME (1713/1714 CE); this is after stating (Slapat 1922: 45–46) that King Binnya U became king in 1060 ME (1698/1699) and ruled for 35 years, and was followed by a 38-year reign of Razadarit. The birth-death and regnal dates here are calculated backwards from the death year of 1526 of King Binnya Ran II, which is in agreement with standard Burmese chronicles.
↑ Provisional dates by scholars. See (Maha Yazawin Vol. 2 2006: 344).

References

↑ Slapat 1922: 49
↑ Phayre 1967: 81–82
↑ Harvey 1925: 115–116

Bibliography

Athwa, Sayadaw (1785). Mon Yazawin (Slapat Rajawan) (in Burmese) (1922 ed.). Yangon: Burma Publishing Workers Association Press.
Harvey, G. E. (1925). History of Burma: From the Earliest Times to 10 March 1824. London: Frank Cass & Co. Ltd.
Kala, U (1724). Maha Yazawin (in Burmese). 1–3 (2006, 4th printing ed.). Yangon: Ya-Pyei Publishing.
Pan Hla, Nai (1968). Razadarit Ayedawbon (in Burmese) (8th printing, 2004 ed.). Yangon: Armanthit Sarpay.
Phayre, Lt. Gen. Sir Arthur P. (1883). History of Burma (1967 ed.). London: Susil Gupta.
Royal Historical Commission of Burma (1832). Hmannan Yazawin (in Burmese). 1–3 (2003 ed.). Yangon: Ministry of Information, Myanmar.

Regnal titles
Binnya Dhammaraza Hanthawaddy Dynasty Born: c. 1392 Died: 1424
Preceded by Razadarit	King of Hanthawaddy 1421–1424	Succeeded by Binnya Ran I
Royal titles
Preceded by Bawlawkyantaw	Heir to the Hanthawaddy Throne 14?? – 1421	Succeeded by Binnya Ran I

Burmese monarchs

Pagan Dynasty 849–1297	Pyinbya Tannet Sale Theinhko Nyaung-u Sawrahan Kunhsaw Kyaunghpyu Kyiso Sokkate Anawrahta Sawlu Kyansittha Sithu I Narathu Naratheinkha Sithu II Htilominlo Naratheinga Uzana¹ Kyaswa Uzana Narathihapate Kyawswa²

Myinsaing and Pinya Kingdoms 1297–1364	Athinkhaya¹, Yazathingyan¹ and Thihathu¹ Thihathu Uzana I Sithu¹ Kyawswa I Kyawswa II Narathu Uzana II

Sagaing Kingdom 1315–1364	Saw Yun Tarabya I Anawrahta I Kyaswa Anawrahta II Tarabya II Minbyauk Thihapate

Ava Kingdom 1364–1555	Thado Minbya Swa Saw Ke Tarabya Minkhaung I Thihathu Min Hla Kale Kyetaungnyo Mohnyin Thado Minye Kyawswa I Narapati I Thihathura Minkhaung II and Thihathura II Narapati II Sawlon³ and Thohanbwa³ Hkonmaing³ Narapati III³ Narapati IV³

Hanthawaddy Kingdom 1287–1539, 1550–1552	Wareru Hkun Law Saw O Saw Zein Zein Pun Saw E Binnya E Law Binnya U Razadarit Binnya Dhammaraza Binnya Ran I Binnya Waru Binnya Kyan Leik Munhtaw Shin Sawbu Dhammazedi Binnya Ran II Takayutpi Smim Sawhtut⁴ Smim Htaw⁴

Mrauk U Kingdom 1429–1785	Saw Mon Khayi Ba Saw Phyu Dawlya Ba Saw Nyo Ran Aung Salingathu Raza Gazapati Saw O Thazata Minkhaung Min Bin Dikkha Saw Hla Sekkya Phalaung Razagyi Khamaung Thiri Thudhamma Sanay Narapati Thado Sanda Thudhamma Thiri Thuriya Wara Dhammaraza Muni Thudhammaraza Sanda Thuriya I Nawrahta Mayuppiya Kalamandat Naradipati Sanda Wimala I Sanda Thuriya II Sanda Wizaya Sanda Thuriya III Naradipati II Narapawara Sanda Wizala Madarit Nara Apaya Thirithu Sanda Parama Apaya Sanda Thumana Sanda Wimala II Sanda Thaditha Maha Thammada

Prome Kingdom 1482–1542	Thado Minsaw Bayin Htwe Narapati⁵ Minkhaung⁵

Toungoo Dynasty 1510–1752	Mingyi Nyo Tabinshwehti Bayinnaung Nanda Nyaungyan Anaukpetlun Minye Deibba Thalun Pindale Pye Narawara Minye Kyawhtin Sanay Taninganway Mahadhammaraza Dipadi

Restored Hanthawaddy Kingdom 1740–1757	Smim Htaw Buddhaketi Binnya Dala

Konbaung Dynasty 1752–1885	Alaungpaya Naungdawgyi Hsinbyushin Singu Phaungka Bodawpaya Bagyidaw Tharrawaddy Pagan Mindon Thibaw

¹Regent or Co-Regent ²Mongol vassal (1297) ³Confederation of Shan States (1527–55) ⁴Brief revival (1550–52) ⁵Vassal of Confederation of Shan States (1532–42)

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