Chloric acid

Chloric acid
Names
Other names
Chloric(V) acid
Identifiers
7790-93-4
3D model (Jmol) Interactive image
ChemSpider 18513
ECHA InfoCard 100.029.303
Properties
HClO3
Molar mass 84.45914 g mol−1
Appearance colourless solution
Density 1 g/mL, solution (approximate)
>40 g/100 ml (20 °C)
Acidity (pKa) ca. −1
Structure
pyramidal
Hazards
Main hazards Oxidant, Corrosive
Safety data sheet See: data page
NFPA 704
Related compounds
Other anions
bromic acid
iodic acid
Other cations
ammonium chlorate
sodium chlorate
potassium chlorate
Related compounds
hydrochloric acid
hypochlorous acid
chlorous acid
perchloric acid
Supplementary data page
Refractive index (n),
Dielectric constantr), etc.
Thermodynamic
data
Phase behaviour
solidliquidgas
UV, IR, NMR, MS
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
Infobox references

Chloric acid, HClO3, is an oxoacid of chlorine, and the formal precursor of chlorate salts. It is a strong acid (pKa ≈ −1) and oxidizing agent.

Properties

Chloric acid is thermodynamically unstable with respect to disproportionation.

Chloric acid is stable in cold aqueous solution up to a concentration of approximately 30%, and solution of up to 40% can be prepared by careful evaporation under reduced pressure. Above these concentrations, chloric acid solutions decompose to give a variety of products, for example:

8HClO3 → 4HClO4 + 2H2O + 2Cl2 + 3 O2
3HClO3 → HClO4 + H2O + 2 ClO2

Hazards

Chloric acid is a powerful oxidizing agent. Most organics and flammables will deflagrate on contact.

Production

It can be prepared by the reaction of sulfuric acid with barium chlorate, the insoluble barium sulfate being removed by precipitation:

Ba(ClO3)2 + H2SO4 → 2HClO3 + BaSO4

Another method is the heating of hypochlorous acid, producing chloric acid and hydrogen chloride:

3HClO → HClO3 + 2 HCl

See also

References

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