Divisions of Pakistan

Pakistan
This article is part of a series on the politics and government of Pakistan
Constitution
Parliament Senate Chairman: Nayyar H. Bukhari National Assembly Speaker: Sardar A. Sadiq Deputy Speaker
Government President (list) Mamnoon Hussain Prime Minister (list) Nawaz Sharif Federal Cabinet
Governors Punjab Malik Muhammad Rafique Rajwana Balochistan Muhammad Khan Achakzai Sindh Ishrat-ul-Ibad Khan Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Iqbal Zafar Jhagra Gilgit–Baltistan Karam Ali Shah
Chief Ministers Punjab Shahbaz Sharif Sindh Murad Ali Shah Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Pervez Khattak Balochistan Abdul Malik Baloch Gilgit-Baltistan Hafiz Hafeezur Rehman
Judiciary Supreme Judicial Council Supreme Court Chief Justice Federal Shariat Court Chief Justices Islamabad High Court Provincial High Courts District Courts
Political parties Muttahida Majlis-e-Amal Muttahida Qaumi Movement Pakistan Peoples Party Pakistan Muslim League (N) Pakistan Muslim League (Q) Jamaat-e-Islami Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf Awami National Party Minor parties
Elections Election Commission Electoral College Recent elections Presidential: 2013 2008 2007 General: 2013 2008 2002
Administrative units Balochistan Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Punjab Sindh Capital Territory Tribal areas Azad Kashmir Gilgit–Baltistan
Local government Divisions Districts Tehsils Union councils
Foreign relations India–Pakistan relations Kashmir conflict Embassies
Other countries Atlas

The four provinces and two autonomous territories of Pakistan are subdivided into administrative "divisions", which are further subdivided into districts, tehsils and finally union councils. These divisions were abolished in 2000, but restored in 2008. The divisions do not include the Islamabad Capital Territory or the Federally Administered Tribal Areas, which are counted at the same level as provinces.

History

Administrative divisions had formed an integral tier of government from colonial times. The Governor's provinces of British India were subdivided into divisions, which were themselves subdivided into districts. At independence in 1947, the new nation of Pakistan comprised two wings – eastern and western, separated by India. Three of the provinces of Pakistan were subdivided into ten administrative divisions. The single province in the eastern wing, East Bengal, had four divisions – Chittagong, Dacca, Khulna and Rajshahi. The province of West Punjab had four divisions – Lahore, Multan, Rawalpindi and Sargodha. The North-West Frontier Province (as it was then called) had two divisions – Dera Ismail Khan and Peshawar. Most of the divisions were named after the divisional capitals, with some exceptions.

From 1955 to 1970, the One Unit policy meant that there were only two provinces – East and West Pakistan. East Pakistan had the same divisions as East Bengal had previously, but West Pakistan gradually gained seven new divisions to add to the original six. The Baluchistan States Union became Kalat Division, while the former Baluchistan Chief Commissioner's Province became Quetta Division. Most of the former Sind Province became Hyderabad Division, with some parts joining the princely state of Khairpur to form Khairpur Division. The former princely state of Bahawalpur became Bahawalpur Division, therefore joining West Punjab. The Federal Capital Territory was absorbed into West Pakistan in 1961 and merged with the princely state of Las Bela to form the Karachi-Bela Division. In 1969, the princely states of Chitral, Dir and Swat were incorporated into West Pakistan as the division of Malakand with Saidu as the divisional headquarters.

New Divisions

When West Pakistan was dissolved, the divisions were regrouped into four new provinces. Gradually over the late 1970s, new divisions were formed; Hazara and Kohat divisions were split from Peshawar Division; Gujranwala Division was formed from parts of Lahore and Rawalpindi divisions; Dera Ghazi Khan Division was split from Multan Division; Faisalabad Division was split from Sargodha Division; Sibi Division was formed from parts of Kalat and Quetta divisions; Lasbela District was transferred from Karachi Division to Kalat Division; Makran Division split from Kalat Division. The name of Khairpur Division was changed to Sukkur Division.

During the military rule of General Zia-ul-Haq, the Advisory Council of Islamic Ideology (headed by Justice Tanzilur Rahman) was tasked with finding ways to Islamicise the country. One of its recommendations was that the existing four provinces should be dissolved and the twenty administrative divisions should become new provinces in a federal structure with greater devolution of power, but this proposal was never implemented.

In the recent past (i.e in last three decades), Naseerabad Division was split from Sibi Division; Zhob Division was split from Quetta Division; Bannu Division was split from Dera Ismail Khan Division; Mardan Division was split from Peshawar Division; Larkana Division and Shaheed Benazirabad Division ^[1] were split from Sukkur Division; Mirpur Khas Division and Banbhore Division ^[2] were split from Hyderabad Division. The capital of Kalat Division was moved from Kalat to Khuzdar.

Abolition

In August 2000, local government reforms abolished the "Division" as an administrative tier and introduced a system of local government councils, with the first elections held in 2001. Following that there was radical restructuring of the local government system to implement "the principle of subsidiarity, whereby all functions that can be effectively performed at the local level are transferred to that level". This meant devolution of many functions, to districts and tehsils, which were previously handled at the provincial and divisional levels. At abolition, there were twenty-six divisions in Pakistan proper – five in Sindh, six in Balochistan, seven in Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa and eight in Punjab. Abolition did not affect the two divisions of Azad Kashmir, which form the second tier of government.

Restoration

In 2008, after the public elections, the new government decided to restore the divisions of all provinces.^[3]

Currently Punjab has ten divisions (and a total of 36 districts) with Sahiwal Division and Sheikhupura Division being the newest.^[4]

In Sindh after the lapse of the Local Governments Bodies term in 2010 the Divisional Commissioners system was to be restored.^{[5][6] [7]}

In July 2011, following excessive violence in the city of Karachi and after the political split between the ruling PPP and the majority party in Sindh, the MQM and after the resignation of the MQM Governor of Sindh, PPP and the Govt. of Sindh decided to restore the commissionerate system in the province. As a consequence, the five divisions of Sindh have been restored namely, Karachi, Hyderabad, Sukkur, Mirpurkhas and Larkana with their respective districts. Recently two new divisions have been added in Sindh, Banbore and Nawab Shah/Shaheed Benazirabad division.^[8]

Karachi district has been de-merged into its 5 original constituent districts namely Karachi East, Karachi West, Karachi Central, Karachi South and Malir. Recently Korangi has been upgraded to the status of sixth district of Karachi. These six districts form the Karachi Division now.^[9]

The Divisions

The following tables show the current Divisions by province.

Divisions by population

^[10]

See also

• Administrative units of Pakistan
• Former administrative units of Pakistan
• Local government in Pakistan
• Division (country subdivision)
• Divisions of Bangladesh

References

External links

• Decentralisation Programme
• National Reconstruction Bureau
• Devolution Trust of Pakistan