Ethyl acetoacetate

Ethyl acetoacetate
Skeletal formula of ethyl acetoacetate
Space-filling model of the ethyl acetoacetate molecule
Names
IUPAC name
Ethyl 3-oxobutanoate
Other names
Acetoacetic acid ethyl ester
Ethyl acetylacetate
3-Oxobutanoic acid ethyl ester
Identifiers
141-97-9 YesY
3D model (Jmol) Interactive image
ChEMBL ChEMBL169176 YesY
ChemSpider 13865426 YesY
ECHA InfoCard 100.005.015
KEGG C03500 YesY
RTECS number AK5250000
UNII IZP61H3TB1 YesY
Properties
C6H10O3
Molar mass 130.14 g/mol
Appearance Colourless liquid
Odor fruit or rum
Density 1.021 g/cm3, liquid
Melting point −45 °C (−49 °F; 228 K)
Boiling point 180.8 °C (357.4 °F; 453.9 K)
2.86 g/100 ml (20 °C)
Acidity (pKa) 10.68 (in H2O)
14.2 (in DMSO)
Hazards
not listed
NFPA 704
Flammability code 2: Must be moderately heated or exposed to relatively high ambient temperature before ignition can occur. Flash point between 38 and 93 °C (100 and 200 °F). E.g., diesel fuel Health code 2: Intense or continued but not chronic exposure could cause temporary incapacitation or possible residual injury. E.g., chloroform Reactivity (yellow): no hazard code Special hazards (white): no codeNFPA 704 four-colored diamond
2
2
Flash point 70 °C (158 °F; 343 K)
Related compounds
Related esters
 Methyl acetoacetate
Ethyl acetate
Diethyl malonate
Related compounds
 Acetone
Acetylacetone
Diketene
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
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Infobox references

The organic compound ethyl acetoacetate (EAA) is the ethyl ester of acetoacetic acid. It is mainly used as a chemical intermediate in the production of a wide variety of compounds, such as amino acids, analgesics, antibiotics, antimalarial agents, antipyrine and aminopyrine, and vitamin B1; as well as the manufacture of dyes, inks, lacquers, perfumes, plastics, and yellow paint pigments. Alone, it is used as a flavoring for food.

Preparation

Ethyl acetoacetate is produced industrially by treatment of diketene with ethanol.[1]

The preparation of ethyl acetoacetate is a classic laboratory procedure.[2] It is prepared via the Claisen condensation of ethyl acetate. Two moles of ethyl acetate condense to form one mole each of ethyl acetoacetate and ethanol.

Reactivity

Ethyl acetoacetate is subject to keto-enol tautomerism. Ethyl acetoacetate is often used in the acetoacetic ester synthesis similar to diethyl malonate in the malonic ester synthesis or the Knoevenagel condensation. The protons alpha to carbonyl groups are acidic, and the resulting carbanion can undergo nucleophilic substitution. A subsequent thermal decarboxylation is also possible.[3] Similar to the behavior of acetylacetone, the enolate of ethyl acetoacetate can also serve as a bidentate ligand. For example, it forms purple coordination complexes with iron(III) salts:

Ethyl acetoacetate can also be reduced to ethyl 3-hydroxybutyrate.

Ethyl acetoacetate, when heated alone (uncatalyzed) with benzyl alcohol, forms synthetically useful benzyl acetoacetate (benzyl groups being easily removed later by catalytic hydrogenolysis over Pd/C under neutral conditions), via a mechanism involving acetylketene. Ethyl (and other) acetoacetates nitrosate readily with equimolar sodium nitrite in acetic acid, to afford the corresponding oximinoacetoacetate esters. A dissolving-zinc reduction of these in acetic acid in the presence of ketoesters or beta-diketones constitute the Knorr synthesis of pyrroles, useful for porphyrin synthesis.

See also

References

  1. ↑ Wilhelm Riemenschneider and Hermann M. Bolt "Esters, Organic" Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry 2005, Wiley-VCH, Weinheim. doi:10.1002/14356007.a09_565.pub2
  2. ↑ J. K. H. Inglis and K. C. Roberts (1926). "Ethyl Acetoacetate". Org. Synth.; Coll. Vol., 1, p. 235
  3. ↑ Carey, Francis A. (2006). Organic Chemistry (Sixth ed.). New York, NY: McGraw-Hill. ISBN 0-07-111562-5.

External links

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