Global Language Monitor

Global Language Monitor
Media Analytics
Industry High Technology
Founded 1999 (1999)
Founder Paul JJ Payack
Headquarters Headquarters: Austin, Texas, United States
Products Olympics and World Cup Brand and Ambush Marketing Analyses, annual Top 55 Global Fashion Capitals, annual TrendTopper MediaBuzz College Guide, Annual Top Words, Phrases, and Names of the Year (for Global English), annual Top Business Buzzwords, Top Political Buzzwords, Top Politically(in)Correct Words
Website www.languagemonitor.com

The Global Language Monitor (GLM) is an Austin, Texas-based company that collectively documents, analyzes and tracks trends in language usage worldwide, with a particular emphasis upon the English language. It is particularly known for its Word of the Year,[1] political analysis,[2][3] college and university rankings,[4] High Tech buzzwords,[5][6] and media analytics.[7]

History

Founded in Silicon Valley in 2003 by Paul J.J. Payack, the GLM describes its role as "a media analytics company that documents, analyzes and tracks cultural trends in language the world over, with a particular emphasis upon Global English". GLM's main services include various products based on the Narrative Tracker technologies for global Internet and social media analysis. NarrativeTracker is based on global discourse, providing a real-time, accurate picture about any topic, at any point in time. NarrativeTracker analyzes the Internet, blogosphere, the top 275,000 print and electronic global media, as well as new social media sources as they emerge.[8] In April 2008, GLM moved its headquarters from San Diego to Austin.[9]

GLM announced "Emoji" as its Top Word of 2014 for Global English along with its complete lists of Top Words, Phrases and Names in December 2014.[10]

Earlier in 2015 GLM has released:

Words

2015

2014

2013

2012

2011

2010

  • Spillcam
  • Vuvuzela
  • The Narrative
  • Refudiate
  • Guido and Guidette
  • Deficit
  • Snowmagedden/Snowpocalypse
  • 3-D
  • Shellacking
  • simplexity

2009

Phrases

2015

  • Migrant Crisis

2014

  • Hands Up, No Shoot

2013

2012

2011

2010

2009

Names

Previous Words, Phrases & Names of the Year

2014
Top Words: No. 1 The Heart ♥ Emoji (for love), No. 2 Hashtag, No. 3 Vape
Top Phrases: No. 1 Hands Up, Don’t Shoot; No. 2 Cosmic Inflation, No. 3 Global Warming
Top Names: No. 1 Ebola, No. 2 Pope Francis, No. 3 World War I
2013
Top Words: No. 1 ‘404’, No.2 Fail, No.3 Hashtag
Top Phrases: No. 1 Toxic Politics, No. 2 Federal Shutdown, No.3 Global Warming/Climate Change
Top Names: No. 1. Pope Francis, No. 2 ObamaCare, No.3 NSA
2012
Top Words: No. 1 ApocalypseArmageddon, No.2 Deficit, No. 3 Olympiad
Top Phrases: No. 1 Gangnam Style, No. 2 Climate Change/Global Warming, No. 3 Fiscal Cliff
Top Names: No. 1 Newtown and Malala Yousafzai, No. 3 Xi Jinping
2011
Top Words: No. 1 Occupy, No.2 Fracking, No.3 Drone
Top Phrases: No. 1 Arab Spring, No. 2 Royal Wedding, No.3 Anger and Rage
Top Names: No. 1 Steve Jobs, No. 2 Osama bin-laden and Seal Team Six, No.3 Fukushim
2010
Top Words: No. 1 Occupy, No.2 Fracking, No.3 Drone
Top Phrases: No. 1 Anger and Rage, No. 2 Climate Change, No. 3 The Great Recession
Top Names: No. 1 Hu Jintao, paramount leader of China, No. 2 iPad, No. 3 Barack Obama
2009
Top Words: No. 1: Twitter, No. 2: Obama, No. 3: H1N1
Top Phrases: No. 1: King of Pop, No. 2: Obama-mania, No. 3: Climate Change
Top Names: No. 1: Obama, No. 2: Michael Jackson, No. 3: Mobama
2008
Top Words: No. 1: Change, No. 2: Bailout, No. 3: Obama-mania
Top Phrases: No. 1: Financial Tsunami, No. 2: Global Warming, No. 3: "Yes, We Can!"
Top Names: No. 1: Barack Obama, No. 2: George W. Bush, No. 3: Michael Phelps
2007
Top Words: No. 1 Hybrid (representing all things green), No. 2: Surge
Top Phrase: Climate Change
Top Name: Al Gore
2006
Top Word: Sustainable
Top Phrase: Stay the Course
Top Name: Darfur
2005
Top Words: No. 1, Refugee, No. 2: Tsunami, No. 3: Katrina
Top Phrase: Outside the Mainstream
Top Name: (acts of) God
2004
Top Word: Incivility (for inCivil War)
Top Phrase: Red States/Blue States, No. 2: Rush to War
Top Name: Dubya/Rove
2003
Top Word: Embedded
Top Phrase: Shock and Awe, No. 2: Rush to War
Top Name: Saddam Hussein, No. 2: Dubya
2002
Top Word: Misunderestimate
Top Phrase: Threat Fatigue
Top Name: W (Dubya)
2001
Top Word: Ground Zero
Top Phrase: ‘Lets Roll’
Top Name: The Heros
2000
Top Word: Chad
Top Phrase: Dot.com
Top Name: W (Dubya)

Top Words, Stories, Phrases and Names of the Decade

The Top Words of the Decade from 2000 to 2009 were headed by Global Warming.[15]

The Top Words of the Decade from 2000–2009

Word / Year / Comments

  1. global warming (2000) Rated highly from Day One of the decade
  2. 9/11 (2001) Another inauspicious start to the decade
  3. Obama- (2008 ) The US President’s name as a ‘root’ word or ‘word stem’
  4. bailout (2008) The Bank Bailout was but Act One of the crisis
  5. evacuee/refugee (2005) After Katrina, refugees became evacuees
  6. derivative (2007) Financial instrument or analytical tool that engendered the Meltdown
  7. google (2007) Founders misspelled actual word ‘googol’
  8. surge (2007) The strategy that effectively ended the Iraq War
  9. Chinglish (2005) The Chinese-English Hybrid language growing larger as Chinese influence expands
  10. tsunami (2004) Southeast Asian Tsunami took 250,000 lives
  11. H1N1 (2009) More commonly known as Swine Flu
  12. subprime (2007) Subprime mortgages were another bubble to burst
  13. dot.com (2000) The Dot.com bubble engendered no lifelines, no bailouts
  14. Y2K (2000) The Year 2000: all computers would turn to pumpkins at the strike of midnight
  15. misunderestimate (2002) One of the first and most enduring of Bushisms
  16. chad (2000) Those Florida voter punched card fragments that the presidency would turn upon
  17. twitter (2008) A quarter of a billion references on Google
  18. WMD (2002) Iraq’s Weapons of Mass Destruction
  19. blog (2003) First called ‘web logs’ which contracted into blogs
  20. texting (2004) Sending 140 character text messages over cell phones
  21. slumdog (2008) Child inhabitants of Mumba’s slums
  22. sustainable (2006) The key to ‘Green’ living where natural resources are never depleted
  23. Brokeback (2004) New term for ‘gay’ from the Hollywood film ‘Brokeback Mountain’
  24. quagmire (2004) Would Iraq War end up like Vietnam, another ‘quagmire’?
  25. truthiness (2006) Stephen Colbert’s addition to the language appears to be a keeper

The Top Stories of the decade from 2000-2009

Rank/News Story/Comment

  1. Rise of China The biggest story of the decade, outdistancing the No. 2 Internet story by 400%.
  2. Iraq War The buildup, the invasion, the hunt for the WMDs, and the Surge were top in print and electronic media outlets.
  3. 9/11 Terrorist Attacks The 9/11 Terrorist attacks on New York City and Washington, DC seemed to set the tone for the new decade.
  4. War on Terror President George W. Bush’s response to 9/11.
  5. Death of Michael Jackson A remarkably high ranking considering that MJ’s death occurred in the final year of the decade.
  6. Election of Obama to US presidency The rallying cries of ‘hope’ and ‘Yes, we can!’ resulting in the historic election of an African-American to the US presidency.
  7. Global Recession of 2008/9 The ongoing world economic restructuring as opposed to the initial ‘economic meltdown’ or ‘financial tsunami’.
  8. Hurricane Katrina New Orleans was devastated when the levies collapsed; scenes of death and destruction shocked millions the world over.
  9. War in Afghanistan Now in its eighth year with an expansion into neighboring Pakistan.
  10. Economic Meltdown/Financial Tsunami The initial shock of witnessing some 25% of the world’s wealth melting away seemingly overnight.
  11. Beijing Olympics The formal launch of China onto the world stage.
  12. South Asian Tsunami The horror of 230,000 dead or missing, washed away in a matter of minutes was seared into the consciousness the global community.
  13. War against the Taliban Lands controlled by the Taliban served as a safe haven from which al Qaeda would launch its terrorist attacks.
  14. Death of Pope John Paul II The largest funeral in recent memory with some 2,000,000 pilgrims in attendance.
  15. Osama bin-Laden eludes capture Hesitation to attack Tora Bora in 2002 has led to the continuing manhunt.

The Top Phrases of the Decade from 2000–2009

Word/Year/Comments

  1. climate change (2000) Green words in every form dominant the decade
  2. Financial Tsunami (2008) One quarter of the world’s wealth vanishes seemingly overnight
  3. ground zero (2001) Site of 9/11terrorist attack in New York City
  4. War on Terror (2001) Bush administration’s response to 9/11
  5. Weapons of Mass Destruction (2003) Bush’s WMDs never found in Iraq or the Syrian desert
  6. swine flu (2008) H1N1, please, so as not to offend the pork industry or religious sensitivities!
  7. "Let’s Roll!" (2001) Todd Beamer’s last words before Flight 93 crashed into the PA countryside
  8. Red State/Blue State (2004) Republican or Democratic control of states
  9. carbon footprint (2007) How much CO² does an activity produce?
  10. shock-and-awe (2003) Initial strategy of Iraq War
  11. Ponzi scheme (2009) Madoff’s strategy reaped billions & heartache
  12. Category 4 (2005) Force of Hurricane Katrina hitting New Orleans’ seawalls and levies
  13. King of Pop (2000) Elvis was the King, MJ the King (of Pop)
  14. "Stay the course" (2004) Dubya’s oft-stated guidance for Iraq War
  15. "Yes, we can!" (2008) Obama’s winning campaign slogan
  16. "Jai Ho!" (2008) Shout of joy from ‘Slumdog Millionaire’
  17. "Out of the Mainstream" (2003) Complaint about any opposition’s political platform
  18. Cloud computing (2007) Using the Internet as a large computational device
  19. threat fatigue (2004) One too many terrorist threat alerts
  20. same-sex marriage (2003) Marriage of gay couples

Top 56 Global Fashion Capital Annual Rankings

An annual ranking of the leading fashion capitals is produced by Global Language Monitor, a US-based company that tracks trends through language use worldwide. The Top Global Fashion Capitals of 2015, are listed below.[16]

Rank (2015) City Score
1 Paris Increase 1
2 New York City Decrease 1
3 London Steady
4 Los Angeles Steady
5 Rome Increase 1
6 Milan Increase 6
7 Barcelona Decrease 2
8 Berlin Decrease 1
9 Madrid Increase 5
10 Tokyo Increase 1
11 Florence Increase 2
12 Hong Kong Increase 8
13 Sydney Decrease 5
14 Singapore Increase 5
15 Shanghai Decrease 5
16 São Paulo Decrease 1
17 Dubai Increase 13
18 Rio de Janeiro Increase 10
19 Miami Increase 20
20 Dallas Increase 1
21 Monaco Increase 22
22 Moscow Decrease 4
23 Amsterdam Increase 11
24 Boston Increase 8
25 Antwerpen Decrease 16
26 Las Vegas Increase 7
27 Chicago Decrease 5
28 Toronto Increase 3
29 Buenos Aires Steady
30 Houston Increase 5
31 Caracas Decrease 14
32 Atlanta Increase 8
33 Prague Decrease 10
34 Vienna Increase 3
35 St Petersburg Decrease 20
36 Stockholm Increase 6
37 San Francisco Increase 10
38 Mumbai Increase 6
39 New Dehli Decrease
40 Bali Decrease 2
41 Cape Town Decrease 14
42 Warsaw Decrease 16
43 Santiago Increase 2
44 Kraków Decrease 19
45 Austin Increase 7
46 Stockholm Increase 3
47 Montreal Decrease 1
48 Johannesburg Decrease 12
49 Melburne Increase 6
50 Bangkok Increase 1
51 Frankfurt Increase 2
52 Vancouver Decrease 4
53 Mexico City Decrease 12
54 Washington, D.C. Debut
55 Abu Dhabi Decrease 5
56 Seoul Decrease 2

The Watch List for 2016 includes: Abidjan, Accra, Auckland, Beirut, Jakarta, Kuala Lampur, and Lagos. Top Fashion Capitals by Region

Europe: Paris, London, Rome, Milano, Barcelona, Berlin, Madrid, Florence, Monaco, Amsterdam, Antwerp, Copenhagen, Stockholm, and Frankfurt.

Spain: Barcelona, Madrid

India: Mumbai, New Delhi

Australia: Sydney, Melbourne

East Asia: Tokyo, Singapore, Shanghai and Hong Kong. Seoul

RSA: Cape Town, Johannesburg

Middle Europe: Moscow, Prague, Vienna, St Petersburg, Warsaw and Kraków

Canada: Toronto, Montreal,and Vancouver,

Mideast: Dubai, Abu Dhabi

Latin America: São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro, Buenos Aires, Caracas, Santiago and Mexico City

Regional US: New York, Los Angeles, Miami, Dallas, Boston, Las Vegas, Chicago, Houston, Atlanta, San Francisco, Austin and Washington, DC

Methodology: For this analysis, the Global Language Monitor used its proprietary Brand Affiliation Index (BAI), the same technology used to measure global brand equity for the Olympics, World Cup, the Fortune 500, and others. This exclusive, GLM longitudinal-study encompasses the prior three years to better assess short-term velocity and longer-term momentum. The study is a Big Data textual analysis based on billions of webpages, millions of blogs, the top 375,000 global print and electronic media, and new social media formats as they appear. This is the eleventh edition of the survey, which was first made public in 2007.

High tech terms

On March 29, 2013 announced The Most Confusing High Tech Buzzwords of the Second Decade of the 21st century, thus far (2010, 2011, 2012 and 2013) with commentary follow:

2013 Rank, Buzzword, Last Year’s rank

  1. Big Data (1) — Soon Human Knowledge will be doubling every second. ’Big’ does not begin to describe what’s coming at us.
  2. Dark Data (New)- Might not have noticed it because … it is ‘Dark Data’ ‘Big Data’ has begun to spin off its own superlatives.
  3. The Cloud (2) — All that data has got to go somewhere. Hint: it’s neither your phone nor your tablet.
  4. Yottabytes (New) – Showing up on lots of technologists’ radar lately: a quadrillion gigabytes.
  5. The Next Big Thing (3) — A cliché rendered ever more meaningless but still on everyone’s tongue.
  6. Heisenbug (New) – A bug that disappears when you try to detect it, finally making the list after a steady ascent over the last decade.
  7. 3-D Printer (New) – Watch this space. This technology has been used in CAD design for years and science fiction for decades — but now they are impinging upon everyday life.
  8. Phablet (New) – The Next Big Thing? The odds are against it since consumer goods tend to evolve into single-purpose appliances.
  9. REST (New) – Representational State transfer is slowly climbing its way up the list.
  10. Web X.0 (5) — Formerly Web 2.0, 3.0, etc.

The study was released in conjunction with Austin's South by Southwest Interactive festival.

On March 17, 2010, the Global Language Monitor presented the Most Confusing High Tech Buzzwords of the first decade of the 21st century (2000–2009).[17]

  1. HTTP — HyperText Transfer Protocol is used for HTML (HyperText Markup Language) files.
  2. Flash — As in Flash Memory. "Flash’ is easier to say than " I brought the report on my EEPROM chip with a thin oxide layer separating a floating gate and control gate utilizing Fowler-Nordheim electron tunneling".
  3. God Particle – The Higgs boson, thought to account for mass. The God Particle has eluded discovery since its existence was first postulated some thirty years ago.
  4. Cloud computing – Distributing or accessing programs and services across the Internet. (The Internet is represented as a cloud.)
  5. Plasma (as in plasma TV) — Refers to a kind of television screen technology that uses matrix of gas plasma cells, which are charged by differing electrical voltages to create an image.
  6. IPOD – Apple maintains that the idea of the iPod was from the film 2001: A Space Odyssey.
  7. Megapixel – One million pixels or picture elements.
  8. Nano – Widely used to describe anything small as in nanotechnology. Like the word ‘mini’ which originally referred to the red hues in Italian miniature paintings, the word nano- is ultimately derived from the ancient Greek word for ‘dwarf’.
  9. Resonate – Not the tendency of a system to oscillate at maximum amplitude, but the ability to relate to (or resonate with) a customer’s desires.
  10. Virtualization – Around since the late ‘70s, virtualization now applies to everything from infrastructures to I/O.

On November 19, 2008 Global Language Monitor announced the most confusing yet frequently cited high tech buzzwords of 2008 to be cloud computing, green washing, and buzzword compliant followed by resonate, de-duping, and virtualization. Rounding out the Top Ten were Web 2.0, versioning, word clouds, and petaflop. The most confusing Acronym for 2008 was SaaS (software as a service).

On 14 October 2007 GLM released a list of the most confusing high tech terms and buzzwords. The words included: iPod, flash, cookie, nano and kernel, followed by megahertz, cell (as in cell phone), plasma, de-duplication and Blu-Ray. Other terms being tracked included terabyte, memory, core, and head crash. The most confusing acronym was found to be SOA, for service-oriented architecture, an acronym which IBM published a book about.[18]

The studies were released each year on the anniversary of the cookie, the invention that made the World Wide Web practical for widespread surfing, communication, and e-commerce.[19]

Counting English words

GLM announced the 1,000,000th English word on June 10, 2009.[20] This controversial exercise was widely covered in the global media.[21][22] The count itself was widely criticized by a number of prominent members of the linguistic community, including Geoffrey Nunberg,[23] and Jesse Sheidlower[24] and Benjamin Zimmer.[25] on the grounds that since there is no generally accepted definition of a word, there can never be a definitive count.[24][25][26]

The finalists, which met the criteria of a minimum of 25,000 citations with the necessary breadth of geographic distribution and depth of citations, were:

1. Web 2.0. 2. Jai Ho! 3. N00b. 4. Slumdog. 5. Cloud computing. 6. Carbon Neutral. 7. Slow Food. 8. Octomom. 9. Greenwashing. 10. Sexting. 11. Shovel ready. 12. Defriend. 13. Chengguan. 14. Recessionista. 15. Zombie Banks.[27]

Critics noted that the target date had been changed a number of times from late in 2006 to early in 2009.[28][29][30][31][32][33] It was also criticized on grounds that a count is impossible because "word" is not a scientifically valid concept. Google addressed this situation by counting the words in the 15 million scanned texts in their corpus.[34] Global Language Monitor states the general criteria for inclusion on its site, maintaining that it is simply updating the established criteria for printed dictionaries beginning with the works of Samuel Johnson and Noah Webster.[35]

The New York Times quoted Paul JJ Payack as saying that the PQI is "an algorithm that tracks words and phrases in the media and on the Internet in relation to frequency, context and appearance in global media. It is a weighted index that takes into account year-to-year increases and acceleration in the last several months".[36] In general terms, GLM describes its Predictive Quantities Indicator (PQI), used to run its analytics on global language trends and, as a weighted index, factoring in long-term trends, short-term changes, momentum and velocity, using frequency data on words and phrases in the global print and electronic media, on the Internet, and throughout the blogosphere, as well as in proprietary databases (Factiva, Lexis-Nexis, etc.). It can also create "signals" that can be used in a variety of applications.[37]

Obama an English language word

On 20 February 2008 GLM announced that the latest word to enter the English language was "obama", derived from Barack Obama, in its many variations. GLM described Obama- as a "root" for words including obamanomics, obamican, obamamentum, obamacize, obamarama, obamaNation, Obamafy, obamamania and obamacam.[38] GLM announced it to be an accepted word, once it met the group's published criteria: a minimum of 25,000 citations in the global media, as well as achieving the necessary 'breadth' and 'depth' of citations.[39]

Top US Colleges and University Rankiings

The Global Language Monitor publishes other lists relating to the English language including: the TrendTopper MediaBuzz College Guide rankings of the top 425 U.S. colleges and universities according to their internet brand equity.[40]

Top Universities (January 2016): Rank/University/Previous Ranking

Top Universities Last

  1. Massachusetts Institute of Technology 1
  2. University of California at Los Angeles 6
  3. University of California, Berkeley 3
  4. University of California, Davis 7
  5. University of California, San Diego 12
  6. University of Chicago 4
  7. University of Texas, Austin 5
  8. Harvard University 2
  9. University of Washington 13
  10. University of Southern California 27
  11. Stanford University 8
  12. University of Wisconsin, Madison 15
  13. Yale University 21
  14. University of Michigan, Ann Arbor 16
  15. University of California, Irvine 37
  16. University of Virginia 19
  17. University of California, Santa Barbara 36
  18. University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill 20
  19. University of Minnesota 22
  20. Ohio State University, Columbus 28
  21. Columbia University 14
  22. Princeton University 17
  23. University of Pennsylvania 11
  24. Duke University 61
  25. University of California, Santa Cruz 84
  26. New York University 9
  27. Emory University 33
  28. Michigan State University 24
  29. Cornell University 23
  30. Johns Hopkins University 30
  31. Northwestern University 10
  32. University of Florida 67
  33. Florida State 48
  34. University of Missouri, Columbia 51
  35. Virginia Tech 65
  36. University of Arizona 77
  37. University of Iowa 44
  38. Georgia Institute of Technology 26
  39. Washington University in St. Louis 25
  40. Indiana University, Bloomington 32
  41. University of Miami 46
  42. Washington State University 79
  43. University of Pittsburgh 45
  44. University of San Diego 149
  45. University of Oregon 49
  46. American University 58
  47. University of Phoenix 98
  48. Purdue University 31
  49. Iowa State University 47
  50. University of Georgia 43
  51. University of Tennessee 90

Top 50 US Colleges by TrendTopper MediaBuzz 2016

Rank/College/Previous Ranking

  1. Wesleyan University 54
  2. School of the Art Institute of Chicago 27
  3. College of the Holy Cross 58
  4. Williams College 6
  5. University of Richmond 2
  6. United States Military Academy 1
  7. Smith College 47
  8. United States Naval Academy 20
  9. Middlebury College 7
  10. Pratt Institute 10
  11. Wellesley College 4
  12. University of the Arts, PA 69
  13. Berklee College of Music 72
  14. Babson College 9
  15. Oberlin College 19
  16. Rhode Island School of Design 22
  17. Bucknell University 11
  18. Vassar College 8
  19. Barnard College 21
  20. Colgate University 14
  21. Bowdoin College 15
  22. Pomona College 3
  23. Davidson College 25
  24. Bennington College 96
  25. Lafayette College 13
  26. Swarthmore College 16
  27. United States Air Force Academy 43
  28. Colby College 46
  29. Mount Holyoke College 44
  30. Bard College 18
  31. Amherst College 4
  32. Fashion Institute of Technology 64
  33. Morehouse College 35
  34. Carleton College 36
  35. Occidental College 17
  36. Furman University 66
  37. Bryn Mawr College 31
  38. The Juilliard School 30
  39. Reed College 24
  40. Bates College 48
  41. Washington and Lee University 38
  42. Kenyon College 40
  43. Drew University 45
  44. Dickinson College 23
  45. Skidmore College 39
  46. Colorado College 89
  47. Trinity College, CT 33
  48. DePauw University 49
  49. Gettysburg College 32
  50. Haverford College 50

Top US Colleges by Category

and 15 Top All-Time Bushisms, and many others.[41]

References

  1. ↑ Spillcam, vuvuzela are top words of 2010
  2. ↑ Kristof, Nicholas (2008-10-17). "Obama the Intellectual". Kristof.blogs.nytimes.com. Retrieved 2009-10-19.
  3. ↑ Nicholas D. Kristof: Obama and the war on brains
  4. ↑ ANITA B. HOFSCHNEIDER Contributing Writer. "Media Fixates on Harvard". Thecrimson.com. Retrieved 2009-10-19.
  5. ↑ "Bamboozled By Buzzwords". Search.japantimes.co.jp. 2005-04-24. Retrieved 2009-10-19.
  6. ↑ "10 Most Confusing High Tech Buzzwords". Networkworld.com. Retrieved 2009-10-19.
  7. ↑ Michael Jackson's Death Second Biggest Story of the Century Archived July 12, 2009, at the Wayback Machine.
  8. ↑ "Global Language Monitor". The Times. London: Languagemonitor.com. 2009-03-25. Retrieved 2009-10-19.
  9. ↑ / Finally, California sends a business we can support
  10. ↑
  11. ↑
  12. ↑
  13. ↑
  14. ↑
  15. ↑ Goldstein, Katherine (2009-11-19). "Top Words Of The Decade 2000-2009: Most Popular Words". Huffington Post.
  16. ↑ "Paris Stuns New York City as Top Global Fashion Capital of 2015". Languagemonitor.com. Retrieved 8 September 2015.
  17. ↑ url=http://www.baselinemag.com/c/a/Business-Intelligence/Most-Confusing-Tech-Buzzwords-824874/ Most Confusing Tech Buzzwords
  18. ↑ "Hooray! 'SOA' voted most 'confusing acronym of the year' | Service-Oriented Architecture | ZDNet.com". Blogs.zdnet.com. 2007-11-05. Retrieved 2009-10-19.
  19. ↑ "The Global Language Monitor releases global study of top 10 most confusing yet widely used high tech buzzwords for 2007". Nanowerk.com. 2007-10-17. Retrieved 2009-10-19.
  20. ↑ John D. Sutter CNN (2009-06-10). "'English gets millionth word on Wednesday, site says'". Edition.cnn.com. Retrieved 2009-10-19.
  21. ↑ Winchester, Simon (2009-06-06). "1,000,000 Words!". The Daily Telegraph. London. Retrieved 2010-05-03.
  22. ↑ Millionth English word' declared'
  23. ↑ Enumerating English, Geoffrey Nunberg, NPR
  24. 1 2 Word Count, Jesse Sheidlower, Slate, April 10, 2006
  25. 1 2 "Language Log » The "million word" hoax rolls along". Languagelog.ldc.upenn.edu. Retrieved 2009-10-19.
  26. ↑ Enumerating English,
  27. ↑ ‘One millionth English word’ is ‘Web 2.0’, Philippine Daily Inquirer, June 12, 2009
  28. ↑ Harlow, John (2006-02-05). "Chinglish – it's a word in a million". The Sunday Times. London. Retrieved 2009-01-14. According to Payack, the one millionth word is likely to be formed this summer
  29. ↑ Macintyre, Ben (2006-08-11). "We're all speaking Geek". The Times. London. Retrieved 2009-01-14. According to Paul Payack, who runs the Global Language Monitor, there are currently 988,974 words in the English language, with thousands more emerging every month. By his calculation, English will adopt its one millionth word in late November.
  30. ↑ "From Babel to Babble . . . Everyone is Speaking English". Kensington books. Retrieved 2009-01-14. in the spring of 2007, the English word count surpassed a million—over ten times the number available in French. At the crest of this linguistic tsunami surfs Paul J.J. Payack, aka the WordMan. As president of the Global Language Monitor
  31. ↑ ""A Million Words and Counting" How Global English Is Rewriting the World". Market Wire. May 2008. Retrieved 2009-01-14. according to author Paul J.J. Payack, the founding president of the Global Language Monitor ( www.LanguageMonitor.com ), English will adopt its millionth word in 2008
  32. ↑ Walker, Ruth (2009-01-02). "Save the date: English nears a milestone". The Christian Science Monitor. Retrieved 2009-01-14. It's April 29, 2009 – plus or minus a few days. That is when the English language is expected to acquire its millionth word. This prediction comes from Global Language Monitor, an organization in Austin, Texas
  33. ↑ "English gets millionth word on Wednesday, site says", CNN
  34. ↑ , Discover
  35. ↑ "GLM Criteria". Languagemonitor.com. Retrieved 2009-10-19.
  36. ↑ The Power of Words
  37. ↑ The Predictive Quantities Indicator (PQI), GLM website
  38. ↑ English language is Barack 'Obamafied', Catherine Elsworth, Los Angeles, Telegraph.co.uk, 26 Feb 2008
  39. ↑ "'PQI'". Languagemonitor.com. Retrieved 2009-10-19.
  40. ↑ Trendtopper MediaBuzz 2016 University Rankings
  41. ↑ The Morning File: To find the Word of the Year, follow the money, Gary Rottstein, Pittsburgh Post-Gazette, January 12, 2009
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