Haskell Strait, Antarctica

Haskell Strait refers to the ocean passage in southern McMurdo Sound, running between Cape Armitage, Ross Island and Cape Spencer-Smith, White Island, Antarctica.[1] Oceanographically, it separates McMurdo Sound from the ocean basin (ice shelf cavity) beneath the Ross Ice Shelf. The Strait itself is around 25 km wide and in places over 900 m deep.[2] Currents of nearly half a knot have been measured in the Strait, although typical flows are lower.[3] It is mostly covered by the ice of the McMurdo Ice Shelf and fast ice in southern McMurdo Sound. On rare occasions sea-ice breakout exposes the north-west corner of the Strait which becomes navigable and vessels can actually moor off Scott Base.

Map showing Haskell Strait passing between Cape Spencer-Smith and Cape Armitage.

Name

It is named after the New Zealand polar scientist Dr Timothy G. Haskell in 2009. It is unclear why it was not named previously as a strait. Possibly, this was because it is typically ice-covered and is dominated by the barrier (the McMurdo Ice Shelf). However, it dwarfs the other named ice-covered straits in the area - for example Moraine and White Straits which separate Minna Bluff from Black Island and White from Black Islands, respectively.

History

The Strait was the scene of great drama during the Heroic Age of Antarctic Exploration. Apsley Cherry-Garrard describes Scott parties’ attempts to get themselves and their ponies off disintegrating sea ice, past patrolling orca, and onto the Barrier.[4] Scott Base, the New Zealand scientific research station, was established during the International Geophysical Year 1957 and overlooks Haskell Strait.

Panorama view of Haskell Strait looking south, with Scott Base (far left), Cape Spencer-Smith (far centre) and Observation Hill (lower right)

Oceanography

As it is one of the southern-most large Straits in the world, it is heavily influenced by the earth’s rotation. It’s also the western gateway to the Ross Ice Shelf cavity – an enormous, essentially unknown, body of water. The cavity is a major source of supercooled water, i.e. water chilled at great depths under the ice shelf which is then released to find itself colder than the freezing temperature.[5] Such water influences sea ice growth which in turn affects climate processes at a global scale.[6]

Notes

  1. ↑ http://www.linz.govt.nz/placenames/consultation-decisions/a-to-z/haskell-strait
  2. ↑ Haskell Strait, The Last Great Strait? Antarctic, 28, 10-11.
  3. ↑ Robinson, N. J.; Williams, M. J. M.; Barrett, P. J.; Pyne, A. R. (2010-03-01). "Observations of flow and ice-ocean interaction beneath the McMurdo Ice Shelf, Antarctica". Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans. 115 (C3): C03025. doi:10.1029/2008JC005255. ISSN 2156-2202.
  4. ↑ Cherry-Garrard, Apsley (1989) [1922]. The Worst Journey in the World. London: Carroll & Graf. ISBN 978-0-88184-478-8. OCLC 20136739
  5. ↑ Stevens, C. L., Robinson, N. J., Williams, M. J. M., and Haskell, T. G.: Observations of turbulence beneath sea ice in southern McMurdo Sound, Antarctica, Ocean Sci., 5, 435-445, 2009.. http://www.ocean-sci.net/5/435/2009/os-5-435-2009.pdf
  6. ↑ Mahoney, Andrew R.; Gough, Alexander J.; Langhorne, Patricia J.; Robinson, Natalie J.; Stevens, Craig L.; Williams, Michael M. J.; Haskell, Timothy G. (2011-11-01). "The seasonal appearance of ice shelf water in coastal Antarctica and its effect on sea ice growth". Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans. 116 (C11): C11032. doi:10.1029/2011JC007060. ISSN 2156-2202.
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