Haskell canoe

A Haskell Canoe located at the outdoor White Pine Village museum

The Haskell canoe was a boat built by the Haskell Boat Company in Ludington, Michigan. It was made with a single sheet of three-ply lightweight waterproof plywood. Peak production of the canoe occurred during the 1920s.

Background

Henry L. Haskell invented a waterproof glue that was used in the construction of a plywood referred to as haskelite.[1] The glue was made from blood-albumin and used blood from the Chicago stock yard slaughterhouses.[2] Haskell made his business cards from pieces of the waterproof plywood which read,

Henry L. Haskell business card made from haskelite plywood pieces

I AM TOUGH!
Stronger Than Steel per Unit of Weight
     BOIL ME, BAKE ME,
    SOAK ME, BREAK ME
THEY MAKE ME INTO HASKELL CANOES
   Weight 60 pounds
HASKELL BOAT COMPANY

        Ludington, Michigan

Construction

A Haskell 57-pound (26 kg) canoe strength test with a load of over 3,000 pounds (1,400 kg)

Since the glue was resistant to water, Haskell used this feature to his benefit. He made a canoe from the plywood. He made just one model of the canoe, and it had the brand name "Arex" - meaning king of the water.[3] The canoe was made with a single sheet of three-ply lightweight plywood.[3] The panel was about 5 feet (1.5 m) wide and 20 feet (6.1 m) long and molded into the shape of a canoe using hydraulic presses. The completed canoe, 16 ft (4.9 m) long, 32 in (81 cm) by beam and 12 in (30 cm) in depth, weighed 55 lb (25 kg), which was 20 lb (9 kg) lighter than the average canvas-covered canoe of the same dimensions.[4]

The glue Haskell invented[5] was with co-developer H.F. John and made from dried cow's blood.[6] It was subjected to various tests to make sure it would be adequate for constructing canoes, as the boats would be in water for hours at a time.[7] It was soaked in water for a lengthy time, boiled at high temperatures, and submerged in printer's ink. After getting good results from these experiments and tests, then the glue was used in the making of the plywood that constructed the boats.[8]

The Haskell canoe was made from a sheet of three-ply haskelite plywood, three-sixteenths of an inch thick. The panel sheet was first softened by boiling for three hours and then pressed into a canoe form by a machine.[7] The slotted ends at the bow and stern were fastened together with a bent strip of ash. A hot steam process was used to form the inside belly double curvature of the bottom part of the canoe. Once the canoe dried it held that shape. The final construction was to attach the gunwales to the sides and seats to permanently form the canoe to a hull of one solid component.[1]

A 1917 Haskell canoe, sale price $50

These canoes were first made in 1916 and put on the market for sale in 1917.[7] The name of the manufacturer was the Haskell Boat Company and was an organization under the management of the Haskell Manufacturing Company. It was based at 801 N. Rowe Street in Ludington, Michigan. The peak production time for the manufacturing of the canoes was in the 1920s. In 1930 the length was extended a foot, making a 17 foot long canoe instead of the original 16 foot boat.[7] They were no longer made after 1934.[9][10]

Marketing

A Haskell canoe in Washington DC, 2012

The Haskell canoe was marketed and sold throughout the United States and Canada. One testimonial of 1930 from a tour guide of Kodiak Island in Alaska said that he used this canoe with much success.[11]

References

  1. 1 2 Motor Boat 1920, p. 38.
  2. ↑ "Haskell Canoe". Online Library. Mason County Historical Society. 2016. Retrieved May 5, 2016. The plywood and glue was made from albumin blood from Chicago stock yards.
  3. 1 2 "Haskell Finances Company to Manufacture Canoes and Boats in Tubbs Building / Waterproof glue adds durability to veneer coatings". Daily News. Ludington, Michigan. October 19, 1916. p. 3.
  4. ↑ Hardwood Record & 1920, p. 36.
  5. ↑ Official Gazette 1922, p. 1082.
  6. ↑ Veneers and Plywood 1930, p. 18.
  7. 1 2 3 4 Veneers and Plywood 1930, p. 19.
  8. ↑ Hardwood Record & 1917, p. 37.
  9. ↑ "Single piece canoe". Daily News. Ludington, Michigan. March 20, 1934. p. 6 – via Newspapers.com .
  10. ↑ "Ludington is birthplace of plywood airplanes". Daily news. Ludington, Michigan. July 15, 1943 – via Newspapers.com .
  11. ↑ "Haskell Canoe / Boats from Local Factory Used by Bear Hunters; Said to be Safest". Daily News. Ludington, Michigan. June 30, 1930. Retrieved August 6, 2016.

Sources

Further reading

  • "Some of the Boat Exhibits That Helped to Make the Show the Greatest Ever Held". Boats. Motor Boat publications. 1922. p. 17. 
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