Holoaden

Holoaden
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Amphibia
Order: Anura
Family: Craugastoridae
Subfamily: Holoadeninae
Genus: Holoaden
Miranda-Ribeiro, 1920
Diversity
4 species (see text)

Holoaden (common name: highland frogs) is a small genus of craugastorid frogs endemic to southeastern Brazil.[1]

Taxonomy

Holoaden is the type genus of subfamily Holoadeninae that was erected in 2008 and placed in family Strabomantidae, erected at the same time. Before that, it was in Brachycephalidae.[2] However, later research has led the whole Strabomantidae, Holoadeninae included, to become included in Craugastoridae.[3][4] This arrangement is not followed by all, and the AmphibiaWeb still keeps Holoadeninae, and consequently Holoaden, in Strabomantidae.[5]

Description

Holoaden grow to 48 mm (1.9 in) snout–vent length at most. Head is narrower than the body. Differentiated tympanic membrane and tympanic annulus are absent. Dorsum is highly glandular. Venter is areolate.[2]

Species

There are four recognized species in this genus:[1][5]

References

  1. 1 2 Frost, Darrel R. (2015). "Holoaden Miranda-Ribeiro, 1920". Amphibian Species of the World: an Online Reference. Version 6.0. American Museum of Natural History. Retrieved 11 June 2015.
  2. 1 2 Hedges, S. B., Duellman, W. E., and Heinicke, M. P (2008). "New World direct-developing frogs (Anura: Terrarana): Molecular phylogeny, classification, biogeography, and conservation" (PDF). Zootaxa. 1737: 1–182.
  3. ↑ Frost, Darrel R. (2015). "Craugastoridae Hedges, Duellman, and Heinicke, 2008". Amphibian Species of the World: an Online Reference. Version 6.0. American Museum of Natural History. Retrieved 11 June 2015.
  4. ↑ Padial, J. M.; Grant, T.; Frost, D. R. (2014). "Molecular systematics of terraranas (Anura: Brachycephaloidea) with an assessment of the effects of alignment and optimality criteria". Zootaxa. 3825: 1–132. doi:10.11646/zootaxa825.1.1.
  5. 1 2 "Strabomantidae". AmphibiaWeb: Information on amphibian biology and conservation. [web application]. Berkeley, California: AmphibiaWeb. 2015. Retrieved 11 June 2015.
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