Irreligion in Poland

Religion in Poland (2012)[1]

  Catholic (91%)
  Orthodox (1%)
  Other Religion (2%)
  Atheist (2%)
  Non believer/Agnostic (3%)
  Not stated (1%)

Atheism and irreligion are rising in Poland.[2] This has caused tensions in Poland.[3][4][5][6][7]

In a public performance during the 2014 Procession of Atheists in Poland Łyszczyński's ideas were commemorated.[8][9]

West Pomeranian Voivodeship is considered Poland's least religious voivodeship.

History

Atheism in Poland dates back to the Renaissance. In the sixteenth century, they considered to be atheists were the royal courtier Jan Zambocki, geographer Alexander Skultet and professor of the Academy of Krakow Stanislaw Zawacki. In 1588 Krakow released a pamphlet Simonis simoniLucensis ... Athei summa Religio, suggesting that the doctor Simon of Lucca staying at the royal court says the idea that God is a figment of the mind.[10] An important figure in the history of atheism on Polish territory was Kazimierz Łyszczyński, sentenced in 1688 (the judgment was made a year later) on the death penalty for his work on the work of De non-existentia Dei ( "The non-existence of the gods").[11]

In the nineteenth century, the open proclamation of atheist views were rare, although a certain part of the intelligentsia openly admitted to atheism (including Vaclav Nałkowski Maria Curie-Sklodowska[12][13][14]).

The atheism in the Second Republic the environment right-wing was accused President Gabriel Narutowicz.[15][16]

In general, then Polish overt atheism was the view very widespread, even among anti-clerical and secular intelligentsia, as evidenced by the fact that the Second Republic has not been established – the traditional association of atheists – Freemasonry wielkowschodowego despite having acted freethinking organizations: Association of Freethinkers Polish, Polish Association of Free Thought or Warsaw Circle of Intellectuals. They were also issued a letter "Rationalist".

In the twentieth century among the Poles declaring lifelong or part of the atheistic worldview can be replaced Tadeusz Boy-Żeleńskiego, Witold Gombrowicz,[14] prof. Zbigniewa Religę,[14][17] prof. Tadeusza Kotarbińskiego, Wisławę Szymborską,[14][18] Stanisława Lema,[14][18] Jacka Kuronia.[14]

After World War II to the turn of the 80s and 90s of the twentieth century atheist worldview has been propagated by the state, which manifested itself, among others, in limiting building permits, as well as the expansion of the temples, the persecution of the clergy (eg. illegal[19] arrest Cardinal Stefan Wyszynski) and harassment of members of the Communist Party taking regular participation in religious practices. In 1957, the decision of the Central Committee at the propaganda and agitation department of the Central Committee was established committee. Atheistic propaganda.[20]

In the communist worked well – supported by the authorities – Association of Atheists and Freethinkers, and later formed on its basis in 1969 Society for the Promotion of Culture Secular. Jacek Kuron,[14] Adam Michnik.

After the fall of the Polish People's Republic, despite the lack of state support processes atheism and secularization have not disappeared. In 2007, the wave of popularity in the Anglo-Saxon countries of the book "The God Delusion" Richard Dawkins.[21] and his social campaign under the name of The Out Campaign was established in Poland List of Internet Atheists and Agnostics [22] led by Polish Association of Rationalists. On that person's public and willing to admit their atheism or agnosticism. The initiative aims to promote ideological assertiveness among the unbelievers, checking the presence of believers in the social life and the consolidation and strengthening of cooperation of free thinkers. About this initiative have written many leading Polish media (dozens of articles) causing discussion on the situation of believers in Poland (Gazeta Wyborcza,[23] Cross-section,[24] Overview[25]Republic,[26] Newsweek,[27] Tribune,[28] Gazeta Pomorska,[29] Kurier Lubelski,[30] Wirtualna Polska,[31][32] Życie Warszawy[33][34]), and on the radio TOK FM was a debate about atheism between priest academic priest Gregory Michalczykiem and the founder and then-president of the Polish Rationalist Association Mariusz Agnosiewiczem.[35] After two months since the launch of Letters inscribed on it more than 7500 participants of the action. He went a step further informal group of the Association of atheistic organizing a campaign under the name of Internet photo Atheists , which was launched 6 December 2009.[36]

In response to the rapid progress of processes atheism in Poland[37] in 2012 was established by the Polish Sejm Parliamentary Group. Prevention of atheism Polish ,[38] numbering 39 deputies and 2 senators.[39] At the turn of 2012 / 2013, the Polish Association of Rationalists, together with the Foundation Freedom of Religion organized in several cities including Polish in Rzeszow, Lublin e Czestochowa, Kraków and Swiebodzin o action billboard under the slogan "Do not steal, do not kill, do not I believe "and" Do not believe, you are not alone, "according to the organizers of having to consolidate the people of atheistic worldview.[40][41] March 29 2014 was held in Warsaw March Atheists organized in the framework of Days of Atheism, during which there was a staging executions Kazimierz Lyszczynski, sentenced in 1689 to death for treaty "the non-existence of the gods," in which he played the role of a professor of philosophy, bioethics and then an activist of a political party Your Movement Professor Jan Hartman.[42]

Statistics

In 2004, as a non-believer or indifferent religiously identified to 3.5% of the citizens Polsk.[43] According to the Eurobarometer survey of 2005 80% of Polish citizens said they believed in the existence of God, a further 15% – in unspecified higher power, and another 3% – not determined.[44] In 2007, as a non-believer, the religiously indifferent or undecided identified 6% Such a statement is a description of the results of the examination, but the details given in the table of results do not add up to this value.

Polish citizens – this means that this group has doubled its size within two years[45] However, according to the survey from 2012 the number of people in Poland declare atheism, agnosticism or atheism was 4.2% and disbelief 6%. And, according to studies Eurobarometer in the same year they were atheists in Poland 2% of the population, and the agnostics and those non-denominational 3%.[46]

According to the results of Census of Population and Housing 2011 the person who gives that do not belong to any religion accounted for 31 March 2011, 2.41% of the total Polish population. While taking into account that 7.1% covered by the census did not answer the question on religion, and to 1.63% not determined the matter, they accounted for 2.64% of those who responded to the question about religious affiliation.[47]

According to data published in 2015 r. By GUS concerning the faith of Poles most atheists in the Warsaw and Zielona Gora.[48]

Organizations

Currently, some atheists in Poland are grouped around:,[49]

See also

References

  1. ↑ "DISCRIMINATION IN THE EU IN 2012" (PDF). Ec.europa.eu. Retrieved 2016-11-26.
  2. ↑ Slackman, Michael (11 December 2010). "Poland, Bastion of Religion, Sees Rise in Secularism". The New York Times. Retrieved 2012-07-02.
  3. ↑ Deboick, Sophia (28 October 2010). "Poland's faith divide". London: The Guardian. Retrieved 2012-07-02.
  4. ↑ "Catholicism and sex shops: the struggle for Poland's soul". Reuters. 17 October 2012. Retrieved 2012-10-18.
  5. ↑ "Polish Catholics in decline". The Daily Telegraph. Retrieved 2014-07-12.
  6. ↑ "Poland: Freedom for Atheists". DW. Retrieved 2014-07-12.
  7. ↑ "Atheists on the March". Krakow Post. Retrieved 2014-07-12.
  8. ↑ "Marsz Ateistów w Warszawie. Inscenizacja egzekucji na rynku".
  9. ↑ "Koalicja Ateistyczna: An Encounter with Polish Atheists".
  10. ↑ Praca zbiorowa, "Dzieje Polski a współczesność", Wydawnictwo Książka i Wiedza, Warszawa 1966, s. 97–98
  11. ↑ Wielka Encyklopedia Polski, t.VI, wyd. Kluszczyński, Kraków 2004 ISBN 83-89550-33-4.
  12. ↑ "Maria Skłodowska-Curie". interia.pl. Retrieved 2013-08-15.
  13. ↑ "Maria Curie-Skłodowska (1867–1834)". interia.pl. Retrieved 2013-08-15.
  14. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 "SACRUM ATEISTY". magazyntrendy.pl. Retrieved 2013-08-15.
  15. ↑ Łukasz Kosiński (12 September 2009). "Gabriel Narutowicz – Niechciana prezydentura." (in Polish). Historia.org.pl. Retrieved 2015-03-25.
  16. ↑ M. Ruszczyc, Strzały w Zachęcie, Katowice 1987, s. 163. ISBN 83-216-0619-9.
  17. ↑ "Religa: utwierdzam się w przekonaniu, że Boga nie ma". wp.pl. Retrieved 2013-08-15.
  18. 1 2 "Ziemkiewicz: Niech zostanie uszanowana i wiara katolika, i niewiara ateisty". fronda.pl. Retrieved 2013-08-15.
  19. ↑ Jolanta Hajdasz. "Wierny towarzysz w cierpieniu". Przewodnik Katolicki (Nr 32/2012). opoka.org.pl. Retrieved 2012-10-12.
  20. ↑ Praca Zbiorowa (2003). Leksykon historii Polski po II wojnie światowej 1944–1997. Warszawa. ISBN 83-87988-08-1.
  21. ↑ Richard Dawkins (2007). Bóg urojony. ISBN 978-83-85458-28-9.
  22. ↑ "Internetowa Lista Ateistów i Agnostyków". Retrieved 2009-09-09.
  23. ↑ Małgorzata I. Niemczyńska. "Nie wciskajcie mi Boga" (in Polish). Archived from the original on 22 February 2008. Retrieved 2007-09-16.
  24. ↑ Małgorzata Święchowicz. "Ciężkie życie ateisty" (in Polish). Retrieved 2007-01-18.
  25. ↑ Radosław Tyrała. "Czy ateiści są dyskryminowani?" (in Polish). Archived from the original on 4 July 2007. Retrieved 2007-07-04.
  26. ↑ Bronisław Wildstein. "Jak czuć się dobrze" (in Polish). Rzeczpospolita. Archived from the original on 16 October 2007. Retrieved 2007-09-18.
  27. ↑ Sebastian Duda (7 October 2007). "Bezbożna krucjata" (in Polish). Newsweek Polska, nr 40/07. p. 90.
  28. ↑ "Żaden wstyd. Internetowa akcja ateistów" (in Polish). Archived from the original on 22 September 2007. Retrieved 2007-09-18.
  29. ↑ Małgorzata Święchowicz. "Temat dnia: Siła niewierzących" (in Polish). Retrieved 2007-09-18.
  30. ↑ Aleksandra Dunajska. "Być ateistą nie jest łatwo" (in Polish). Retrieved 2007-09-18.
  31. ↑ Adam Przegaliński. "Agnosiewicz dla WP: ateiści wychodzą z ukrycia" (in Polish). wiadomosci.wp.pl. Retrieved 2007-11-08.
  32. ↑ Adam Przegaliński. "Nie wierzę w Boga.pl" (in Polish). Retrieved 2007-11-08.
  33. ↑ Marcin Szymaniak. "Ateiści chcą walczyć z dominacją religii" (PDF) (in Polish). 2007-08-18. Retrieved 2007-09-18.
  34. ↑ Marcin Szymaniak. "Jestem człowiekiem z listy niewierzących" (in Polish). 2007-09-07. Retrieved 2007-09-18.
  35. ↑ Ewa Wanat (6 September 2007). "O ateizmie – dyskusja duszpasterza akademickiego z parafii św. Jakuba ks. Grzegorza Michalczyka i szefa Polskiego Stowarzyszenia Racjonalistów Mariusza Agnosiewicza" (in Polish). Radio TOK FM. Archived from the original on 16 October 2007. Retrieved 2007-09-18.
  36. ↑ "Internetowa Galeria Ateistów". ateistyczni.org.pl. Archived from the original on 12 December 2009. Retrieved 2009-12-12.
  37. ↑ "Szybko postępuje ateizacja Polski / Polska / Wiadomości". Retrieved 26 November 2016.
  38. ↑ ""Inkwizycja po polsku", czyli jak działa Sejmowy Zespół ds. Przeciwdziałania Ateizacji Polski". Retrieved 26 November 2016.
  39. ↑ "Parlamentarny Zespół ds. Przeciwdziałania Ateizacji Polski". Retrieved 26 November 2016.
  40. ↑ "Ateiści na wielkich billboardach promują niewiarę". Gazeta Wyborcza. 19 December 2012. Retrieved 2013-01-01.
  41. ↑ "Ateiści będą wieszać antyreligijne billboardy. Po co? Aby niewierzący mogli "wyjść z cienia"". WPolityce.pl. 12 September 2012. Retrieved 2012-09-12.
  42. ↑ "Marsz Ateistów w Warszawie. Inscenizacja egzekucji na rynku [ZDJĘCIA] – Naszemiasto.pl". Web.archive.org. Retrieved 2016-11-26.
  43. ↑ Witolda Zdaniewicza; Sławomira Zaręby (2004). Kościół katolicki na początku trzeciego tysiąclecia w opinii Polaków,. Warsaw. p. 48. ISBN 838594513X.
  44. ↑ "ReportDGResearchSocialValuesEN2.PDF" (PDF). Ec.europa.eu. Retrieved 2016-11-26.
  45. ↑ "CENTRUM BADANIA OPINII SPOŁECZNEJ : POLACY WOBEC KOŚCIOŁA ORAZ NAUCZANIA PAPIEŻA BENEDYKTA XVI : DWA LATA PO ŚMIERCI JANA PAWŁA II" (PDF). Cbos.pl. Retrieved 2016-11-26.
  46. ↑ "Discrimination in the European Union in 2012, str. 234 – T98 i T99" (PDF). Ec.europa.eu. Retrieved 2016-11-26.
  47. ↑ Główny Urząd Statystyczny (2013). "Ludność. Stan i struktura demograficzno-społeczna. Narodowy Spis Powszechny Ludności i Mieszkań 2011" (PDF) (in Polish). p. 99. ISBN 978-83-7027-521-1.
  48. ↑ Katarzyna Miłkowska. "Najwięcej ateistów w Polsce jest w Warszawie i... Zielonej Górze! "Nie tyle świadoma świeckość, co pewne zobojętnienie"". naTemat.pl. Retrieved 2016-11-26.
  49. 1 2 "Niezbędnik ateisty: rozmowy Piotra Szumlewicza – Piotr Szumlewicz – Google Książki". Books.google.pl. Retrieved 2016-11-26.
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