Israel Smith

Israel Smith
Silhouette of Israel Smith. Only known likeness.
4th Governor of Vermont
In office October 9, 1807 – October 14, 1808
Lieutenant	Paul Brigham
Preceded by	Isaac Tichenor
Succeeded by	Isaac Tichenor
United States Senator from Vermont
In office March 4, 1803 – October 1, 1807
Preceded by	Nathaniel Chipman
Succeeded by	Jonathan Robinson
Member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Vermont's 1st district
In office October 17, 1791 – March 3, 1797
Preceded by	District created
Succeeded by	Matthew Lyon
In office March 4, 1801 – March 3, 1803
Preceded by	Matthew Lyon
Succeeded by	Gideon Olin
Personal details
Born	(1759-04-04)April 4, 1759 Suffield, Connecticut
Died	December 2, 1810(1810-12-02) (aged 51) Rutland, Vermont
Political party	Democratic-Republican
Profession	lawyer / politician

Israel Smith (April 4, 1759 – December 2, 1810) was an American lawyer and politician. He held a wide variety of positions in the state of Vermont, including as a member of the United States House of Representatives, a member of the United States Senate and Governor of Vermont.

Early life

Smith was born in Suffield, Connecticut, where he spent his childhood. He studied at Yale University and graduated in 1781.^[1] He studied law and was admitted to the bar. He began his law practice in Rupert, Vermont.

He married Abiah Douglass (1767-1836), and they had two children, William (1785-1822) and Horace (1787-1790). After Israel Smith's death Abiah married Colonel William C. Harrington, who became an attorney in Burlington, Vermont.

Career

Smith began his political career in 1785 when he served as a member of the Vermont House of Representatives. He served in the Vermont House again from 1788 to 1791. During this period, he was active in solving Vermont's boundary disputes with other states and served as a delegate to the Vermont Constitutional Convention, at which Vermont ratified the American Constitution. By 1790 Smith had moved to Rutland, Vermont.

When Vermont became a state in 1791, Smith ran for Vermont's seat in the United States House of Representatives. In a bitterly fought election between Smith, Matthew Lyon and Isaac Tichenor, Smith received second place, 35% of the vote in the first round, but won the runoff against Lyon. Smith represented Vermont's 1st District in the U.S. House from 1791 to 1797.^[2] In 1792 and 1794, Lyon unsuccessfully ran against Smith, but in 1796 Smith was defeated by Lyon. By this time, Smith had become a member of the Democratic-Republican Party.^[3]

In 1797, Smith again briefly served in the Vermont State House. He became Chief Justice of the Vermont Supreme Court in 1797,^[4] but resigned the following year. In 1800, Smith was reelected to the United States House of Representatives, where he served until 1802.

In 1802, Smith was elected to the United States Senate from Vermont, and served in the Senate from 1803 to 1807. In 1807 he successfully ran against one of his old political rivals, Isaac Tichenor, for governor. Tichenor had served as governor for a decade. Smith resigned from the Senate and served as Governor of Vermont from 1807 to 1808, when he was defeated for reelection by Tichenor.^[5] Smith served as Vermont's fourth Governor.

Death and legacy

After leaving the governorship, Smith moved back to Rutland, Vermont, where he retired from politics. He became ill and died in Rutland. He is interred at West Street Cemetery in Rutland.^[6] His home in Rutland has been preserved.^[7]

References

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Israel Smith.

• United States Congress. "Israel Smith (id: S000557)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. 
• National Governors Association
• Find A Grave
• govtrack.us
• A Guide to the Papers of Vermont's Governors
• Rutland Historical Society
• Vermont: The Official State Website

Governors of Vermont
Vermont Republic (1777–91)	Chittenden Robinson Chittenden
State of Vermont (since 1791)	Chittenden Brigham Tichenor I. Smith Tichenor Galusha M. Chittenden Galusha Skinner Van Ness Butler Crafts Palmer Jennison Paine Mattocks Slade Eaton Coolidge Williams E. Fairbanks Robinson Royce Fletcher Hall E. Fairbanks Holbrook G. Smith P. Dillingham Page Washburn Hendee Stewart Converse Peck H. Fairbanks R. Proctor Sr. Farnham Barstow Pingree Ormsbee W.P. Dillingham Page Fuller Woodbury Grout E. Smith Stickney McCullough Bell F. Proctor Prouty Mead Fletcher Gates Graham Clement Hartness R. Proctor Jr. Billings Weeks Wilson C. Smith Aiken Wills M. Proctor Gibson Arthur Emerson Johnson Stafford Keyser Hoff Davis Salmon Snelling Kunin Snelling Dean Douglas Shumlin Scott (elect)
Italics indicate acting governor

United States Senators from Vermont
Class 1	M. Robinson Tichenor Chipman Smith J. Robinson Tichenor Seymour Swift Phelps Foot Edmunds Proctor Stewart Page Greene Partridge Austin Flanders Prouty Stafford Jeffords Sanders
Class 3	Bradley Paine Bradley Chase Fisk Palmer Chase Prentiss Crafts Upham Phelps Brainerd Collamer Poland Morrill Ross Dillingham Dale Gibson, Sr. Gibson, Jr. Aiken Leahy