Kaantju
The Kaantyu were an Indigenous Australian people of the Cape York Peninsula. They used to live in the area around the present day town of Coen. Most of their traditional tribal land was taken over for cattle stations.
Language
The Kaantyu people spoke a dialect of Umpila.[1]
Ecology
The Kantyu lived in the foothills of the Great Dividing Range along and around the upper tributaries of the Archer River, and the Watson river to the north, and the Edward southwards, from the junction of the Coen and Archer rivers to the mouth of the Archer and the junction of the Kendall and Holroyd extending over approximately 3,000 sq.miles.To their west they were separated from the coastal waters of the gulf of Carpentaria by the Wik-Natera and Wik-Kalkan tribes.[2] To their south, along the Coleman River were the Bakanu and the Koko-Olkolo.[3]
Social relations
The Kaantju intermarried with the Wik Ayabadhu people who lived on the upper reaches of the Holroyd, and traditionally held ceremonial gatherings with them, and the Wik-Mungkan, at the site where Pretender river meets the Holroyd at the junction of the Pretender and Holroyd.[3]
History
The laying of the Queensland Cape York telegraph line ran through the hunting grounds of both the Kaantju and Kokiala tribes, and had a large impact on their survival. While the Kokiala died off, the Kaantju set up camps along the line, near cattle stations, or retreated to those parts of the range where one could hunt or fish in peace.[2]
Totem system and ceremonial sites
The rudiments of the Kaantyu ceremonial system was first picked up by Ursula McConnel who gathered scraps of information from two elders of the tribe whom she described as being in their ‘dotage’, a remnant of the tribe whose traditional social organization had already largely disintegrated due to the pressure of white colonization of their lands and their transformation into cattle stations.[4] McConnel considered their totem system not markedly different from that of the Wik-Mungkan. He believed that it had extended into the Torres Strait where, however, it had been undermined by the growth of New Guinean hero cults. The mainland systems were based on ceremonies for the ritual incentivation of increase, that is, to ensure nature would renew its nourishing sources, something that, on the Torres Strait, had been weakened by the spread of native gardens and fishing.[5]
The elders interviewed by McConnel referred to two ceremonial sites (auwa) close to Coen. One was situated on the Emily Creek six miles from the town centre, the other a half a mile from the police station. The at Emily Creek ritual centre was based on the red kangaroo totem, and consisted on a long parade of upright stones varying from a few centimetres to some as high as as 2 to 3 feet p292. The order appear, to McConnel, to parallel that of the ant-beds at the bream and cuscus auwa of the Wik-Mungkan, the difference being explained as due to the lack of suitable stone-ware in the territory of the latter. By maintaining such increase rituals, for example that of the rock-cod, it was thought that they would spread through all the creeks and rivers, and thereby guarantee to the tribe in the area an abundance of this fish species.[5]
Notes and references
Notes
- ↑ Dixon 2002, p. 660.
- 1 2 McConnel 1930 (1), p. 97.
- 1 2 McConnel 1930 (1), p. 98.
- ↑ McConnel 1930, p. 292-293.
- 1 2 Greer, McIntyre-Tamwoy & Henry 2011, pp. 6-7.
References
- Dixon, Robert M. W. (2002). Australian Languages: Their Nature and Development. 1. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-47378-1.
- Greer, Shelley; McIntyre-Tamwoy, Susan; Henry, Rosita (2011). "Sentinel Sites in a cosmo-political seascape" (PDF). 7th International Small Islands Conference, Airlie Beach, Whitsundays. pp. 2–10.
- McConnel, Ursula (March 1932). "Totem stones of the Kantyu tribe, Cape York Peninsula, North Quennsland". 2 (3). Oceania: 292–295.
- McConnel (1), Ursula (April 1930). "The Wik-Munkan Tribe of Cape York Peninsula". Oceania: 97–104.
- McConnel (2), Ursula (July 1930). "The Wik-Munkan Tribe. Part II. Totemism". 1 (2). Oceania: 181–205.