Kugelblitz (astrophysics)

In theoretical physics, a kugelblitz (German: "ball lightning") is a concentration of light so intense that it forms an event horizon and becomes self-trapped: according to general relativity, if enough radiation is aimed into a region, the concentration of energy can warp spacetime enough for the region to become a black hole (although this would be a black hole whose original mass-energy had been in the form of radiant energy rather than matter). In simpler terms, a kugelblitz is a black hole formed from radiation as opposed to matter. According to Einstein's general theory of relativity, once an event horizon has formed, the type of energy that created it no longer matters. A kugelblitz is so hot it surpasses the Planck temperature, the temperature of the universe 6956539999999999999♠5.4×10⁻⁴⁴ seconds after The Big Bang.

The best-known reference to the kugelblitz idea in English is probably John Archibald Wheeler's 1955 paper "Geons",^[1] which explored the idea of creating particles (or toy models of particles) from spacetime curvature. Wheeler's paper on geons also introduced the idea that lines of electric charge trapped in a wormhole throat might be used to model the properties of a charged particle-pair.

Kugelblitz drives are considered as possible future spaceship engines.^[2]

In fiction

• In the Star Trek Universe, the Romulan D'deridex class uses an artificial quantum singularity Kugelblitz as power source/propulsion.
• A kugelblitz is an important plot element in Frederik Pohl's novel Heechee Rendezvous.

See also

• Micro black hole

References

Black holes
Types	Schwarzschild Rotating Charged Virtual Binary
Size	Micro Extremal Electron Stellar Intermediate-mass Supermassive Quasar Active galactic nucleus Blazar Large quasar group
Formation	Stellar evolution Gravitational collapse Neutron star Related links Compact star Quark Exotic Tolman–Oppenheimer–Volkoff limit White dwarf Related links Supernova Related links Hypernova Gamma-ray burst
Properties	Thermodynamics Schwarzschild radius M–sigma relation Event horizon Quasi-periodic oscillation Photon sphere Ergosphere Hawking radiation Penrose process Blandford–Znajek process Bondi accretion Spaghettification Gravitational lens
Models	Gravitational singularity Penrose–Hawking singularity theorems Primordial black hole Gravastar Dark star Dark-energy star Black star Eternally collapsing object Magnetospheric eternally collapsing object Fuzzball White hole Naked singularity Ring singularity Immirzi parameter Membrane paradigm Kugelblitz Wormhole Quasi-star
Issues	No-hair theorem Information paradox Cosmic censorship Alternative models Holographic principle Black hole complementarity firewall (physics) ER=EPR Final parsec problem
Metrics	Schwarzschild Kerr Reissner–Nordström Kerr–Newman
Lists	Black holes Most massive Quasars
Related	Timeline of black hole physics Rossi X-ray Timing Explorer Hypercompact stellar system Black hole starship