Larisa Latynina

Larisa Latynina
— Gymnast —
Latynina in 2010
Personal information
Full name	Larisa Semyonovna Latynina
Country represented	Soviet Union
Born	(1934-12-27) 27 December 1934 Kherson, Ukrainian SSR, Soviet Union
Height	1.61 m (5 ft 3 in)
Weight	52 kg (115 lb)
Discipline	Women's artistic gymnastics
Level	Senior international
Gym	Round Lake national training center; Burevestnik Kyiv
Retired	1966
Medal record Representing  Soviet Union International gymnastics championships and games Event 1st 2nd 3rd Olympic Games 9 5 4 World Championships 9 4 1 European Championships 7 6 1 Total 25 15 6 Olympic Games 1956 Melbourne Team 1956 Melbourne All-Around 1956 Melbourne Vault 1956 Melbourne Floor Exercise 1960 Rome Team 1960 Rome All-Around 1960 Rome Floor Exercise 1964 Tokyo Team 1964 Tokyo Floor Exercise 1956 Melbourne Uneven Bars 1960 Rome Uneven Bars 1960 Rome Balance Beam 1964 Tokyo All-Around 1964 Tokyo Vault 1956 Melbourne Team, apparatus 1960 Rome Vault 1964 Tokyo Uneven Bars 1964 Tokyo Balance Beam World Championships 1954 Rome Team 1958 Moscow Team 1958 Moscow All-Around 1958 Moscow Vault 1958 Moscow Uneven Bars 1958 Moscow Balance Beam 1962 Prague Team 1962 Prague All-Around 1962 Prague Floor Exercise 1958 Moscow Floor Exercise 1962 Prague Vault 1962 Prague Balance Beam 1966 Dortmund Team 1962 Prague Uneven bars European Championships 1957 Bucharest All-Around 1957 Bucharest Vault 1957 Bucharest Uneven Bars 1957 Bucharest Balance Beam 1957 Bucharest Floor Exercise 1961 Leipzig All-Around 1961 Leipzig Floor Exercise 1961 Leipzig Uneven Bars 1961 Leipzig Balance Beam 1965 Sofia All-Around 1965 Sofia Uneven Bars 1965 Sofia Balance Beam 1965 Sofia Floor Exercise 1965 Sofia Vault

Larisa Semyonovna Latynina (Ukrainian: Лариса Семенівна Латиніна, Russian: Лари́са Семёновна Латы́нина; born 27 December 1934) is a former Soviet gymnast. Between 1956 and 1964 she won 14 individual Olympic medals and four team medals. She holds the record for the most Olympic gold medals by a gymnast, male or female, with 9. Her total of 18 Olympic medals was a record for 48 years (Michael Phelps; 31 July 2012).^[1] She held the record for individual event medals with 14 for 52 years (Michael Phelps; August 11, 2016). She is credited with helping to establish the Soviet Union as a dominant force in gymnastics.^[2]

Early life

She was born as Larisa Semyonovna Diriy in Soviet Ukraine. Her father, Semyon Andreyevich Diriy, left the family when she was 11 months old, and she was raised by her illiterate mother, Polina, who worked as a cleaner during the day, and as a watchman during the night. Her father was killed at the Battle of Stalingrad, where he served as a machine gun operator.^[3] She first practiced ballet, but turned to gymnastics after her choreographer moved out of Kherson. She graduated from high school in 1953, and moved to Kiev. She attended the Lenin Polytechnic Institute, and continued her training at the Burevestnik Voluntary Sports Society. At the age of 19, she debuted internationally at the 1954 Rome World Championships, winning the gold medal in the team competition.

Gymnastics career

Latynina during women's vault award ceremony of the artistic gymnastics at the 1964 Summer Olympics

At the 1956 Summer Olympics, she competed with Ágnes Keleti of Hungary to become the most successful gymnast of the Olympics. Latynina beat Keleti in the all-around event, and the Soviet team also won the team event. In the event finals, Latynina won gold medals on the floor (shared with Keleti) and vault, a silver medal on the uneven bars, and a bronze medal in the now discontinued team event with portable apparatus. Keleti also won six medals: four golds and two silvers.

After a very successful World Championships in 1958 (winning five out of six titles despite competing whilst four months pregnant), Latynina was the favorite for the 1960 Summer Olympics in Rome.^[4] In the all-around event she led the Soviet Union to take the first four places, thereby also securing a win in the team competition by a margin of nine points. Latynina defended her floor title, took silver medals in the balance beam and uneven bars events, and bronze in the vault competition.

Latynina won all-around titles at the 1962 World Championships, beating Věra Čáslavská of Czechoslovakia. Still the defending World Champion at the 1964 Summer Olympics, she was beaten by Čáslavská in the all-around competition. Latynina added two more gold medals to her tally, winning the team event and the floor event both for the third time in a row. A silver medal and two bronzes in the other apparatus events brought her total of Olympic medals to eighteen—nine gold medals, five silver and four bronze. She won a medal in every event in which she competed, except for the 1956 balance beam where she came in fourth.

Latynina's nine gold medals makes her second on the list of most Olympic gold medalists together with Paavo Nurmi, Mark Spitz, Carl Lewis, and Usain Bolt, only behind Michael Phelps, who has 23. She held the distinction of having more Olympic medals (either individually or with a team) than anybody, from 1964 until 2012. She is the only woman to have won nine gold medals.^[5] She is also the only female athlete who at some point has held the record for most Olympic gold medals. Additionally, within the sport of gymnastics, she is the only woman who has won an all-around medal in more than two Olympiads, the only woman who has won an individual event (floor exercise) in more than two Olympiads, and one of only three women who have won every individual event at either the World Championship or Olympic level. She is one of only two female gymnasts (Simone Biles; 2016) to have won team gold, all-around gold and an event final gold at the same Olympics, having done so twice, in 1956 and four years later, in 1960.

Family

She was born to Pelageya Anisimovna Barabamyuk (1902–1975) and Semyon Andreevich Diriy (1906–1943), who died in the Battle of Stalingrad. Larisa was married three times.^[6] Her last and current husband is Yuri Izrailovich Feldman (b. 1938), a member of the Russian Academy of Electrotechnical Sciences and a former competitive cyclist. Her daughter from a former marriage, Tatyana Ivanovna Latynina (b. 1958), is a folk dancer. She was born only five months after her mother won a world all-around title, and seven months after her birth Latynina competed at the national championships. Latynina kept her pregnancy a secret, even from her coach. She also had a son.^[7][6][8]

Retirement

Latynina retired after the 1966 World Championships and became a coach for the Soviet national gymnastics team, a position she held until 1977.^[8] Under her coaching the Soviet women won team gold in the 1968, 1972 and 1976 Olympics.^[4] She organized the gymnastics competition at the 1980 Olympic Games in Moscow.

She is a citizen of Russia, and lives in an estate near the town of Semenovskoye.

Awards and honors

1989: Olympic Order (silver), International Olympic Committee
1998: Inducted into the International Gymnastics Hall of Fame^[9]

See also

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Larisa Latynina.

• List of multiple Olympic gold medalists
• List of multiple Olympic gold medalists at a single Games
• List of multiple Olympic medalists at a single Games
• List of top Olympic gymnastics medalists
• List of top medalists at the World Artistic Gymnastics Championships
• List of Olympic female gymnasts for the Soviet Union

References

Bibliography

• Larisa Latynina (1975). The Balance (in Russian). Moscow: Molodaya gvardiya. 

External links

• Life Magazine images
• International Olympic Committee's profile on Latynina at the Wayback Machine (archived 2010-12-12)
• Larisa Latynina at Olympic.org
• Larisa Latynina at the International Federation of Gymnastics
• International Gymnast's profile on Latynina
• Gymn Forum: Complete list of Latynina's competitive results
• profile on DatabaseOlympics.com
• (Russian) Larisa Latynina's profile in the Modern Museum of Sports includes photos of her and some of her decorations

Records
Preceded by Edoardo Mangiarotti	Most career Olympic medals 1964–2012	Succeeded by Michael Phelps
Preceded by Ágnes Keleti	Most career Olympic medals by a woman 1964 – current	Incumbent

Olympic Champions in Artistic Gymnastics - Women's Team All-Around
1928 Netherlands 1936 Germany 1948 Czechoslovakia 1952 Soviet Union 1956 Soviet Union 1960 Soviet Union 1964 Soviet Union 1968 Soviet Union 1972 Soviet Union 1976 Soviet Union 1980 Soviet Union 1984 Romania 1988 Soviet Union 1992 Unified Team 1996 United States 2000 Romania 2004 Romania 2008 China 2012 United States 2016 United States
1956:  Soviet Union (URS), Polina Astakhova, Lyudmila Yegorova, Lidiya Kalinina, Larisa Latynina, Tamara Manina, Sofia Muratova 1960:  Soviet Union (URS), Polina Astakhova, Lidia Ivanova, Larisa Latynina, Tamara Lyukhina, Sofia Muratova, Margarita Nikolaeva 1964:  Soviet Union (URS), Larisa Latynina, Polina Astakhova, Tamara Manina, Yelena Volchetskaya, Tamara Zamotaylova, Lyudmila Gromova

World Champions in Artistic Gymnastics – Women's Team Competition
1934:  Czechoslovakia 1938:  Czechoslovakia 1950:  Sweden 1954:  Soviet Union 1958:  Soviet Union 1962:  Soviet Union 1966:  Czechoslovakia 1970:  Soviet Union 1974:  Soviet Union 1978:  Soviet Union 1979:  Romania 1981:  Soviet Union 1983:  Soviet Union 1985:  Soviet Union 1987:  Romania 1989:  Soviet Union 1991:  Soviet Union 1994:  Romania 1995:  Romania 1997:  Romania 1999:  Romania 2001:  Romania 2003:  United States 2006:  China 2007:  United States 2010:  Russia 2011:  United States 2014:  United States 2015:  United States
1954:  Soviet Union (URS), Nina Bocharova, Pelageya Danilova, Maria Gorokhovskaya, Larisa Latynina, Tamara Manina, Sofia Muratova, Galina Rudko, Galina Sharabidze 1958:  Soviet Union (URS), Polina Astakhova, Raisa Borisova, Lidiya Kalinina, Larisa Latynina, Tamara Manina, Sofia Muratova 1962:  Soviet Union (URS), Polina Astakhova, Lidiya Ivanova, Larisa Latynina, Tamara Manina, Sofia Muratova, Irina Pervushina