List of IARC Group 2A carcinogens
The agents in this list have been classified in Group 2A (probable carcinogens)[1] by the IARC (International Agency for Research on Cancer). The term "agent" encompasses both substances and exposure circumstances that pose a risk. This designation is applied when there is limited evidence of carcinogenicity in humans as well as sufficient evidence of carcinogenicity in experimental animals. In some cases, an agent may be classified in this group when there is inadequate evidence of carcinogenicity in humans along with sufficient evidence of carcinogenicity in experimental animals and strong evidence that the carcinogenesis is mediated by a mechanism that also operates in humans. Exceptionally, an agent may be classified in this group solely on the basis of limited evidence of carcinogenicity in humans.
Agents
Substances
- Acrylamide
- Adriamycin
- Androgenic (anabolic) steroids
- Azacitidine
- BCNU (Bischloroethyl nitrosourea)
- Captafol
- Chloral
- Chloral hydrate
- Chloramphenicol
- α-Chlorinated toluenes (benzal chloride, benzotrichloride, benzyl chloride) and benzoyl chloride (combined exposures)
- CCNU (1-(2-Chloroethyl)-3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea)
- 4-Chloro-o-toluidine
- Chlorozotocin
- Cisplatin
- Cyclopenta[c,d]pyrene
- Diazinon
- Dibenz[a,j]acridine
- Dibenz[a,h]anthracene
- Dibenzo[a,l]pyrene
- Dichloromethane (methylene chloride)
- Diethyl sulfate
- Dimethylcarbamoyl chloride
- Dimethylformamide
- 1,2-Dimethylhydrazine
- Dimethyl sulfate
- Epichlorohydrin
- Ethylene dibromide
- Ethyl carbamate (urethane)
- N-Ethyl-N-nitrosourea
- Glycidol
- Glyphosate
- Human papillomavirus type 68
- Hydrazine
- Indium phosphide
- 2-Amino-3-methylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoline (IQ)
- Lead compounds, inorganic
- Malaria (caused by infection with Plasmodium falciparum in holoendemic areas)
- Malathion
- 5-Methoxypsoralen
- Methyl methanesulfonate
- Mercaptobenzothiozole
- Merkel cell polyomavirus (MCV)
- MNNG (N-Methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine)
- N-Methyl-N-nitrosourea
- Nitrate or nitrite (ingested) under conditions that result in endogenous nitrosation
- Nitrogen mustard
- 1-Nitropyrene
- N-Nitrosodiethylamine (DEN)
- N-Nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA)
- Nitrotoluene
- 6-Nitrochrysene
- Phenacetin
- Pioglitazone
- Polybrominated biphenyls
- Procarbazine hydrochloride
- 1,3-Propane sultone
- Styrene-7,8-oxide
- Teniposide
- Tetrabromobisphenol A
- Tetrachloroethylene
- Tetrafluoroethylene
- Trichloroethylene
- 1,2,3-Trichloropropane
- Tris(2,3-dibromopropyl) phosphate
- Vinyl bromide
- Vinyl fluoride
Mixtures
- Bitumens, occasional exposure to oxidized bitumens and their emissions during roofing
- Creosotes (from coal tars)
- High-temperature frying, emissions from
- Household combustion of biomass fuel (primarily wood), indoor emissions from
- Mate, hot (more than 65℃)
- Non-arsenical insecticides (occupational exposures in spraying and application of)
- Red meat [2]
- Very hot beverages (more than 65℃)[3]
Exposure circumstances
- Art glass, glass containers and pressed ware (manufacture of)
- Carbon electrode manufacture
- Cobalt metal with tungsten carbide
- Hairdresser or barber (occupational exposure as a)
- Petroleum refining (occupational exposures in)
- Shift work that involves circadian disruption
References
- ↑ "List of Classifications, Volumes 1-115". IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Risk to Humans. IARC. February 22, 2016. Retrieved March 5, 2016.
- ↑ "IARC Monographs evaluate consumption of red meat and processed meat" (PDF). Retrieved 26 October 2015.
- ↑ Loomis, Dana; Guyton, Kathryn Z; Lauby-Sectretan, Béatrice; El Ghissassi, Fatiha; Bouvard, Véronique; Benbrahim-Tallaa, Lamia; Guha, Neela; Mattock, Heidi; Straif, Kurt (June 15, 2016). "Carcinogenicity of drinking coffee, mate, and very hot beverages". The Lancet Oncology (Online First). Elsevier Ltd. doi:10.1016/S1470-2045(16)30239-X. (registration required (help)).
External links
- Description of the list of classifications, IARC
- List of classifications (latest version)
- List of classifications by cancer site (last updated on 5 November 2015)
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