List of career achievements by Novak Djokovic

Novak Djokovic

This article lists various career, tournament, and seasonal achievements by Serbian tennis player Novak Djokovic.

Novak Djokovic has won 12 Grand Slam (major) titles, the fourth most in the Open Era. Djokovic is one of eight players to achieve the Career Grand Slam and he's the only one in tennis history to hold all four Grand Slams on three different surfaces at once. He has the record of most titles won in ATP Masters with 30 titles and he's won 5 World Tour Finals titles, four of which were won consecutively from 2012 to 2015 (record).

Novak Djokovic is widely viewed by many sports analysts, fans and media pundits as one of the greatest tennis players of all time, often ranked alongside Roger Federer, Rafael Nadal, Pete Sampras and Björn Borg.[lower-alpha 1] He has appeared in 21 Grand Slam finals and has played the final of each Grand Slam tournament at least four times. He has won multiple titles at three out of the four majors. Djokovic has won an Open Era record of 6 Australian Open titles, three of which were won consecutively 2011–2013 (Open Era record). He is widely viewed as the greatest player to play the Australian Open; he holds a perfect record of 6–0 in Australian Open finals.

Djokovic's 2011 season is considered as one of the greatest seasons by a tennis player in the Open Era. Djokovic won 10 titles on 3 different surfaces and defeated both of Rafael Nadal and Roger Federer ten times, going 10–1 against them. Djokovic went on a 43-match win streak and set a new record of most Masters titles won in a season (5). In 2015 Djokovic won three majors in one season for the second time, improved his record of most Masters titles won in a season (6), and finished the year winning his fourth consecutive World Tour Finals title. Djokovic also made the finals of all big tournaments he played in 2015 and set a new all-time rankings record. Djokovic's 2015 is seen as the greatest season in the Open Era by many fans and analysts.

Djokovic's consistency on the ATP tour is matched only by Roger Federer. For almost 10 years, Djokovic lost only 3 times in Grand Slams before the quarter-finals, making 35 quarterfinals, 30 semifinals and 20 finals. In the same period of time, Djokovic participated in 81 Masters tournaments and made 66 quarterfinals, 55 semifinals and 42 finals. Djokovic has the records of 15 straight finals in a single season, streak of 11 Masters finals and 18 straight top-tier tournament finals. Djokovic is the first player since the 1973 ATP rankings were introduced to have accrued 16,950 points more than the world number 2 and 3 combined, he is the only player to have ever achieved such a high points tally. In 2015, Djokovic beat top 10 opposition 31, a total which set a new Open Era record.

Djokovic has won an all-time record 30 titles in the ATP Masters tournaments. He has an all-time record of 12 consecutive Masters finals from 2012 to 2015. Djokovic has competed in 8 Masters finals in one season (2015) breaking the previous record of 6 finals. Djokovic won an all-time record 6 Masters titles in single season. He has won multiple Masters titles in 8 different tournaments. He is the only player to win 1+ titles in 8 tournaments and make 2+ finals in all 9 tournaments. As a result, he is considered to be the greatest and most accomplished player in ATP Masters history for his versatility and success in winning the Masters tournaments on a consistent basis.[14]

Djokovic is widely viewed as one of the greatest hard court players of the Open Era.[15] He has won 8 hardcourt major titles which is second to Roger Federer's record of 9. He has also won an Open Era record of 22 Masters hardcourt titles. He has an 88% Grand Slam match win percentage on hard courts, which is an all-time record.

Besides hard courts, Djokovic is also a remarkable player on clay courts and has some great achievements on clay. He won 13 titles on clay, including a French Open title and 8 Masters titles which is second to Rafael Nadal's (considered to be the greatest clay court player ever) all-time record of 20. Djokovic is the only player to defeat Rafael Nadal in French Open in straight sets. He is also the only player to defeat Nadal in all three clay court Masters events, which he achieved in finals of Madrid (2011), Rome (2011) and Monte Carlo (2013). Djokovic is also the one who ended Nadal's consecutive run of 8 Monte Carlo titles in the 2013 final and is the player with the most clay-match wins over Nadal.

Djokovic is the only player to defeat Federer and Nadal in multiple Grand Slam finals. He has beaten both players in a combined six Grand Slam finals. He is also the only player to defeat Federer and Nadal in all four majors. He is the only player to defeat Federer in two Wimbledon finals (2014–2015) and the only player to defeat Nadal in three Grand Slam finals (Wimbledon 2011, US Open 2011 and Australian Open 2012).

All-time records

Event Since Record accomplished Players tied
Grand Slams1877 Holding all 4 Majors titles on 3 different surfaces at once[lower-alpha 2]Stands alone
Non-Calendar Year Grand SlamStands alone
13 hardcourt finalsStands alone
7 consecutive hardcourt finalsStands alone
88% hardcourt match winning percentageStands alone
ATP World Tour1970 Holding all 4 Grand Slams and Year-End Championship at onceStands alone
35 Top-tier hardcourt tournaments wonStands alone
10 Top tier tournaments won in a season (2015)Stands alone
18 Top tier tournament finals in a rowStands alone
15 straight finals reached in a season (2015)Stands alone
30+ match wins vs Top 10 opponents in a season (2015)Stands alone
Defeated all Top 10 players in a season (2015)Stands alone
83% career match winning percentageStands alone
ATP World Tour Masters1970 30 singles titles Stands alone
22 hardcourt Masters titlesStands alone
6 titles won in a single season (2015)Stands alone
31 consecutive match winsStands alone
2 years winning 5+ titlesStands alone
1+ titles at 8 different tournamentsStands alone
2+ titles at 8 different tournamentsStands alone
3+ titles at 6 different tournamentsStands alone
4+ titles at 5 different tournamentsStands alone
83% career Masters match winning percentageStands alone
ATP Rankings1973Highest number of points accrued as World No.1 (16,950)Stands alone
Paris Masters19684 singles titlesStands alone
Indian Wells Masters19745 singles titlesStands alone
China Open19936 singles titlesStands alone
Shanghai Masters20093 singles titlesStands alone

Grand Slam tournaments records

Grand Slams Year(s) Record accomplished Players tied

Australian Open

French Open

Wimbledon

US Open

2015–2016Non-Calendar Year Grand SlamStands alone
2015–2016Holding all 4 Major titles at onceRod Laver
2015–2016Holding all 4 Major titles on 3 different surfaces at once[lower-alpha 2]Stands alone
2015–2016Holding all 4 Grand Slams and Year-End Championship simultaneouslyStands alone
2008–2016Career Grand SlamRod Laver
Andre Agassi
Roger Federer
Rafael Nadal
2015–201630 consecutive Grand Slam match winsStands alone
2010–20163+ consecutive finals at all 4 MajorsStands alone
2015Reached all 4 Grand Slam finals in a calendar yearRod Laver
Roger Federer
2007–2008Youngest player to reach the semifinals of all 4 Majors[lower-alpha 3]Stands alone
2007–2008Youngest player to reach all 4 Majors semifinals consecutivelyStands alone

Australian Open

US Open

2007–201613 hardcourt finals overallStands alone
2010–20137 consecutive hardcourt finalsStands alone
2005–2016Highest hardcourt match winning percentage - 88.2% (120–16)Stands alone

Wimbledon

US Open

Australian Open

2011–2012

2015–2016

2 streaks of 3 consecutive Major titles Roger Federer

Australian Open

Wimbledon

2008–2016

2011–2015

3+ titles each of the two MajorsRoger Federer

Australian Open

French Open

2016

Australian Open/French Open title double in a seasonRod Laver
Mats Wilander
Jim Courier
Australian Open 2012Longest Grand Slam final (by duration) vs. Rafael Nadal[lower-alpha 4]Rafael Nadal

Records at each Grand Slam tournament

Grand Slam Year(s) Record accomplished Players tied
Australian Open 2008–20166 singles titlesStands alone
2008–20166 finalsStands alone
2011–20133 consecutive titlesStands alone
2011–20133 consecutive finalsMats Wilander
Ivan Lendl
2011–201425 consecutive match winsStands alone
French Open 2009–20166 consecutive semifinals appearancesStands alone
US Open 2012Longest final (by duration) vs. Andy Murray[lower-alpha 5]Mats Wilander
Ivan Lendl

ATP World Tour Finals records

Time span Record accomplished Players tied
2012–20154 consecutive titlesStands alone
2012–201515 consecutive match winsStands alone
2012–2014Won tournament undefeated for three consecutive yearsStands alone
201476.1% (51–16) games winning percentage in one tournamentStands alone
2011Qualified the earliest – 18 weeks, 6 daysStands alone

ATP Masters records

Time span Record accomplished Players tied
2007–201630 titles Stands alone
2007–201643 finals Stands alone
2007–20138/9 titles won[lower-alpha 6]Stands alone
2007–20162+ finals in all 9 different tournamentsStands alone
2007–201622 hardcourt titlesStands alone
20156 titles won in a single seasonStands alone
20158 finals reached in a single season[lower-alpha 7]Stands alone
2011, 2014–2015Streak of 5 titlesStands alone
2014–2016Streak of 11 finalsStands alone
2012–201512 finals won in a rowStands alone
201131 consecutive match winsStands alone
201539 match wins in a single seasonStands alone
2011, 2014–20152 streaks of 30+ consecutive match winsStands alone
2013–20164 consecutive tournaments titlesRafael Nadal
2015–20167 consecutive tournaments finalsStands alone
2011–2012, 20153 years reaching 6+ finalsStands alone
2011–20122 consecutive years reaching 6+ finalsStands alone
2011, 20152 years winning 5+ titlesStands alone
2011, 2014–20152 streaks of 5 titlesStands alone
2011, 2014–20164 years winning 4+ titlesStands alone
2011–20164 streaks of 4 titlesStands alone
2013–20163 streaks of 4 consecutive tournaments titlesStands alone
2014–20163 consecutive years winning 4+ titlesStands alone
2011–20166 consecutive years winning 3+ titlesStands alone
2007–20154+ titles at 5 different tournamentsStands alone
2007–20153+ titles at 6 different tournamentsStands alone
2007–20162+ titles at 8 different tournamentsStands alone
2007–20131+ titles at 8 different tournamentsStands alone
2007–2016The record holder of most titles won at 4 different tournamentsStands alone
2014–2015, 2015Simultaneous holder of 6 different tournaments titles at onceStands alone
2007–20167 tournaments won without dropping a setRafael Nadal
2011–20152 consecutive titles at 6 different tournamentsStands alone
20154 consecutive title defencesStands alone
2011–2013Winning all 3 clay tournaments[lower-alpha 8] (twice)Rafael Nadal
2015Winning the first 3 tournaments of a season[lower-alpha 9]Stands alone
2011, 2016Indian Wells/Miami/Montreal Masters title triple (twice)Stands alone
2011, 2014–2016Indian Wells/Miami Masters title double won 4 timesStands alone
2007–2016Miami/Canada Masters title double won 4 timesStands alone
2013, 2015Autumn sweep (winning Shanghai, Paris & Year-End Championship consecutively)Stands alone
2013–20153 years winning Paris Masters and Year-End Championship back to backStands alone
2005–2016Highest match winning percentage - 83.0% (293–60)Stands alone

Records at each Masters tournament

Tournament Year(s) Record accomplished Players tied
Indian Wells 2008–20165 titles Stands alone
2014–20163 consecutive titlesRoger Federer
2007–20166 finalsRoger Federer
Miami Open 2007–20166 titles Andre Agassi
2014–20163 consecutive titlesAndre Agassi
2007Youngest player to win the title[lower-alpha 10]Stands alone
Shanghai Masters 2012–20153 titlesAndy Murray
2012–20132 consecutive titlesAndy Murray
2012–20153 finalsAndy Murray
Paris Masters 2009–20154 titlesStands alone
2013–20153 consecutive titlesStands alone

Other significant records

Time span Record accomplished Players tied
2016Highest number of points accrued in ATP rankings as World No.1 (16,950)Stands alone
2011–2015Minimum of 10,000 points accrued for five consecutive years as World No. 1Stands alone
2016The "player to beat" on hard, clay, grass and indoors at the same timeStands alone
2005–201680%+ win rate on all three different surfaces, hard, clay and grassStands alone
2007–201647 Top-tier tournaments won (Big Titles)[lower-alpha 11]Roger Federer
2007–201635 Top-tier hardcourt tournaments wonStands alone
2014–201618 Top tier tournament finals in a rowStands alone
201510 Top tier tournaments won in a seasonStands alone
2014–20157 Top tier tournaments won in a rowStands alone
2014–2015–20162 streaks of 7 consecutive Top-tier titlesStands alone
2011, 2015–20162 streaks of 7 titlesStands alone
201515 straight finals in a seasonStands alone
2009–2016Three-peat at 7 different tournamentsStands alone
2006–201520+ wins over each other member of the Big Four (Federer, Nadal & Murray)Stands alone
2006–2016Winning head-to-head record against each other member of the Big FourStands alone
2006–201520+ wins over four different opponents (Nadal, Federer, Murray & Berdych)Stands alone
2006–201626 match wins vs. one opponent (Rafael Nadal)Stands alone
201531 match wins vs. Top 10 opponents in a single seasonStands alone
201537.8% percentage of Top 10 wins to the overall match wins of a seasonStands alone
2015Defeated all Top 10 players in a seasonStands alone
2011–20155 years winning 20+ matches vs. Top 10 opponentsStands alone
2011–20155 consecutive years winning 20+ matches vs. Top 10 opponentsStands alone
20115 consecutive match wins against World No.1 player in finals (Rafael Nadal)[lower-alpha 12]Stands alone
2008–20157 match wins over defending Grand Slam championsStands alone
2007Youngest player to defeat the Top 3 players in succession (Roddick, Nadal & Federer)Stands alone
2015Most prize money won in a season ($21,646,145)Stands alone
2016All-time prize money leader ($104,563,310)Stands alone
2009–20156 China Open titlesStands alone
2012–20154 consecutive China Open titlesStands alone
20157 titles defended in a seasonRoger Federer
2007–20104 years ended at No.3Jimmy Connors
2007–20104 consecutive years ended at No.3Stands alone
2009Longest best-of-three match with tiebreak in last set (by duration) vs. Rafael Nadal[lower-alpha 13]Rafael Nadal
2004–2016 83.0% (742–152) - Highest overall match winning percentageStands alone
84.3% (489–91) - Highest hardcourt match winning percentageStands alone
95.9% (652–28) - Highest match winning percentage after winning first set[lower-alpha 14]Stands alone
74.5% (146–50) - Highest deciding set winning percentage[lower-alpha 15]Stands alone

Awards and Honours

List of awards

Orders and special awards

See also

Notes

  1. See[1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13]
  2. 1 2 Clay, Grass and Hardcourts.
  3. 20 years and 250 days old
  4. The final took 5 hours, 53 minutes to complete.[16][17]
  5. The final took 4 hours, 54 minutes to complete.[18]
  6. Indian Wells, Miami, Monte Carlo, Madrid, Rome, Canada, Shanghai and Paris.
  7. DNP in the 9th Masters, Madrid.
  8. Monte Carlo, Madrid and Rome.
  9. Indian Wells, Miami and Monte Carlo.[19]
  10. 19 years and 316 days old
  11. Top tier tournments are Grand Slams, Masters series and World Tour Finals. They're also known as "Big Tournaments" or "Big Titles"[20]
  12. Djokovic proceeded to defeat Nadal at the 2011 US Open and 2012 Australian Open, where their rankings were by then reversed.[21]
  13. The match took 4 hours, 3 minutes to complete.[22]
  14. Minimum 250 wins.
  15. Minimum 100 wins.
  16. US Open semifinal def. Roger Federer 6–7(7), 4–6, 6–3, 6–2, 7–5
  17. Australian Open final def. Rafael Nadal 5–7, 6–4, 6–2, 6–7(5), 7–5
  18. French Open semifinal def. by Rafael Nadal 6–4, 3–6, 6–1, 6–7(3), 7–9
  19. Wimbledon final def. Roger Federer 6–7(7–9), 6–4, 7–6(7–4), 5–7, 6–4
  20. Rome semifinal def. Andy Murray 6–1, 3–6, 7–6(2)
  21. Shanghai final def. Andy Murray 5–7, 7–6(11), 6–3
  22. Montreal semifinal def. by Rafael Nadal 6–4, 3–6, 7–6(2)

References

  1. Chris Chase. "Novak Djokovic is one of the five best players ever, says John McEnroe". usatoday.com. Retrieved 28 July 2015.
  2. Howard Bryant. "Djokovic must get busy at majors". ESPN. Retrieved 16 January 2014.
  3. Chadd Crippe (4 April 2013). "Davis Cup: Djokovic a true national hero in Serbia". The Idaho Statesman. Retrieved 4 April 2013.
  4. "Djokovic, Federer humbled at US Open". CNN. 6 September 2014. Retrieved 6 September 2014.
  5. "Novak Djokovic v Rafael Nadal: Players & pundits hail 'greatest' match". Retrieved 5 March 2012.
  6. "Murray buoyed by Djokovic scalp". Retrieved 15 March 2012.
  7. "Rod Laver's 10 best past and present players". Retrieved 7 June 2012.
  8. "Tim Henman knows Andy Murray won't worry over critics". Retrieved 14 August 2012.
  9. Steve Flink (2012). The Greatest Tennis Matches of All Time. New Chapter Press. p. 452. ISBN 978-0-942257-93-9.
  10. "2-Time Winner Andre Agassi Joins U.S. Open Court of Champions". Retrieved 22 November 2012.
  11. "Djokovic beats Nadal to win third seasonal Grand Slam at US Open". Retrieved 12 December 2012.
  12. "Murray's win shows British they can be winners". Retrieved 12 December 2012.
  13. "Tennis sold out stars for TV, money". Retrieved 12 December 2012.
  14. Sundar, Shyam (24 August 2015). "who-tennis-greatest-ever-atp-masters-series-champion". Sports360. Shyam Sundar. Retrieved 24 August 2015.
  15. "Roger Federer vs. Novak Djokovic: The Best Hard Court Rivalry". Bleacher Report. 28 August 2011. Retrieved 24 January 2012.
  16. "Longest Men's Singles Championship Final". ESPN Sports. 30 January 2012.
  17. "Djokovic wins epic final". ABC Radio Grandstand. Australian Broadcasting Corporation. 30 January 2012. Retrieved 2 July 2012.
  18. "Andy Murray wins Open, first Slam". ESPN. Retrieved 11 September 2012.
  19. "Djokovic Continues Masters 1000 Surge With Monte-Carlo Titles", Association of Tennis Professionals, 19 April 2015.
  20. "Big Titles: Federer Leads But Novak's Strike Rate Dazzles", Association of Tennis Professionals, 10 May 2016.
  21. Badenhausen, Kurt (8 June 2012). "Federer, Nadal And Djokovic Represent Golden Age For Men's Tennis". Forbes. Retrieved 10 June 2012.
  22. "Nadal defeats Djokovic in classic". BBC News. 16 May 2009. Retrieved 29 October 2011.
  23. "Djokovic and Kvitova named 2011 ITF World Champions". ITF. 13 December 2011.
  24. "2011 ATP World Tour Awards – The Winners ...". atpworldtour.com. 19 November 2010. Retrieved 20 November 2011.
  25. "Djokovic, Federer, Bryan Brothers Scoop Pair of ATP World Tour Awards". atpworldtour.com. 5 November 2012. Retrieved 15 April 2013.
  26. "2007 ATP Awards". atpworldtour.com. 2007.
  27. "Awards 2012". laureus.com. 2012.
  28. Young, Henry; Davies, Amanda (April 19, 2016). "Laureus Awards: Novak Djokovic & Serena Williams win 'Sport's Oscars'". CNN. Retrieved April 19, 2016.
  29. "TSS PROGLASIO NAJBOLJE: Novak i Ana obeležili 2012. godinu". Sport-Express (in Serbian). 24 December 2012.
  30. "Djokovic won third Golden Badge". DSL Sport. 26 December 2011.
  31. "Najsupešniji u izboru OKS" (in Serbian). Serbian Olympic Committee. Retrieved 26 January 2013.
  32. "Sports Personality of the Year 2011: Novak Djokovic wins overseas award". BBC News. 22 December 2011. Retrieved 22 December 2011.
  33. "GQ: Nole named ACE of the Year". novakdjokovic.rs. Belgrade, Serbia. 30 November 2011. Retrieved 1 December 2011.
  34. "AIPS Web Site – Djokovic and Bjoergen are the 2011 AIPS Athletes of the year". Aipsmedia.com. 28 December 2011. Retrieved 27 January 2013.
  35. "AIPS Web Site – Djokovic and Ennis top AIPS Europe Athletes of the Year 2012 poll". Aipsmedia.com. Retrieved 27 January 2013.
  36. "AIPS Web Site – Novak Djokovic and Dafne Schippers AIPS Europe's best athletes of 2015". Aipsmedia.com. Retrieved 3 January 2016.
  37. "World's Top-ranked Tennis and Golf Professionals Voted Academy's 2011 Male and Female Athletes of the Year". United States Sports Academy. 3 December 2013. Retrieved 3 December 2013.
  38. "Akademija SAD: Novak ispred Mesija". B92. Retrieved 25 December 2014.
  39. "ESPY: Đoković najbolji teniser". B92. 18 July 2013. Retrieved 27 October 2013.
  40. "Novak Djokovic collects Eurosport award as International Athlete of the Year". Eurosport. 18 January 2016. Retrieved 18 January 2016.
  41. 1 2 "2011 Best Grand Slam/Davis Cup match of the Year". atpworldtour.com. 15 December 2011. Retrieved 15 December 2011.
  42. 1 2 "2012 Best Grand Slam/Olympic match of the Year". atpworldtour.com. 23 November 2012. Retrieved 23 November 2012.
  43. 1 2 "2013 Best Grand Slam match of the Year". atpworldtour.com. Retrieved 28 November 2013.
  44. "The 2013 Golden Bagel award finish". goldenbagelaward.com. Austin, TX: SideSpin Productions, Inc. 31 December 2013. Retrieved 19 April 2015.
  45. "List of awards". Retrieved 20 September 2015.
  46. "TSS: Ivanovićeva i Đoković najbolji u 2012. godini". Blic Sport. 24 December 2012. Retrieved 27 October 2013.
  47. "Uručene Majske nagrade posle 17 godina". Politika. 17 June 2007. Retrieved 13 December 2013.
  48. "Commitment Award". Davis Cup. Retrieved 27 October 2013.
  49. Novak Djokovic awarded with the highest distinction of the Serbian Church |Serbian Orthodox Church Official web site, Spc.rs (28 April 2011). Retrieved 10 May 2011.
  50. "'National hero' Djokovic given Serbia's highest honor". CNN. Retrieved 18 February 2016.
  51. "Serbia to Bestow Honour on Tennis Star Djokovic". Balkan Insight. Retrieved 18 February 2016.
  52. "HSH Prince Albert II will give the Vermeil Medal for Physical Education and Sport to Novak Djokovic". Prince's Palace of Monaco. Retrieved 18 February 2016.
  53. "Novak Đoković receives Monaco accolade". B92. Retrieved 18 February 2016.
  54. "The Duke of Cambridge attends the Winter Whites Gala in aid of Centrepoint". Official Website of Prince Henry of Wales. Retrieved 18 February 2016.
  55. "Prince William, Jude Law And Tennis Legends Attend Winter Whites". Centrepoint. Retrieved 18 February 2016.
  56. "DODJELA ODLIKOVANJA POVODOM DANA I KRSNE SLAVE REPUBLIKE SRPSKE". Official Presentation of the President of the Republic of Srpska. Retrieved 18 February 2016.
  57. "Orden Republike Srpske za VMA i Đokovića". Nezavisne novine. Retrieved 18 February 2016.
  58. "Opština Zvečan, počasni građani". Official website of municipality Zvečan. Retrieved 12 July 2011.
  59. "Novaku Đokoviću Ključ grada i Povelja Počasni građanin Banjaluke". glassrpske.com. Retrieved 16 April 2015.
  60. "Đokoviću ključevi Andrićgrada". Večernje Novosti. Retrieved 27 October 2013.
  61. "Swan Hill names Novak Djokovic honorary mayor". ABC. Retrieved 18 February 2016.
  62. "Novak Djokovic and Serena Williams ready to continue world domination at Australian Open". FOX SPORTS. Retrieved 18 February 2016.
  63. "Mayor Novak". The Guardian. Retrieved 18 February 2016.
  64. "Đokoviću replika mača Despota Stefana Lazarevića". TANJUG. Retrieved 5 June 2016.
  65. "Novaku mač "Zlatni Vitez - Sveti Stefan Despot Srpski"". B92. Retrieved 12 June 2016.
  66. "NOVAK PRVI NOSILAC MAČA ZLATNI VITEZ: Na Spasovdanskoj svečanosti u Starom dvoru biće dodeljena priznanja Vitez festa!". Informer. Retrieved 12 June 2016.
This article is issued from Wikipedia - version of the 10/29/2016. The text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution/Share Alike but additional terms may apply for the media files.