List of heirs to the Austrian throne

This is a list of people who were heir apparent or heir presumptive to the Archduchy of Austria from when Charles III succeeded to the throne in 1711 to the end of the monarchy in Austria-Hungary in 1918. Those heirs who succeeded are shown in bold.

The position of heir to the Empire was often of great importance. More than once a younger brother of the emperor was persuaded to renounce his succession rights in his son's favour to provide a young male heir to the throne. The apparent suicide of the Crown Prince in 1889 and the assassination of the subsequent heir in 1914 (considered one of the great causes of World War I) led to instability in the monarchy, perhaps contributing to its abolition at the end of the War in 1918.

Heirs to the Austrian Archduchy

ArchdukeHeirRelationship to archduke and statusBecame heirCeased to be heirNext in line
Charles III Archduchess Maria Josepha Niece
Heir presumptive
7 April 1711 13 May 1717 Archduchess Maria Amalia
1711–1717, sister
Archduchess Maria TheresaDaughter
Heir presumptive
13 May 1717;
born
Pragmatic Sanction of 1713
20 October 1740;
succeeded
Archduchess Maria Josepha
1717–1718, cousin
Archduchess Maria Anna
1718–1740, sister
Maria Theresa
and Francis I
Archduchess Maria AnnaSister
Heir presumptive
20 October 1740;
sister succeeded
13 March 1741;
son born to Archduchess
Archduchess Maria Josepha
1740–1741, cousin
Archduke JosephSon
Heir apparent
13 March 1741;
born
18 August 1765;
succeeded
Archduchess Maria Anna
1741–1744, aunt
Archduchess Maria Josepha
1744–1745, cousin
Archduke Charles Joseph
1745–1761, brother
Archduke Leopold
1761–1765, brother
Maria Theresa
and Joseph II
Pietro Leopoldo I of TuscanySon and Brother
Heir presumptive
18 August 1765;
brother succeeded
20 February 1790;
succeeded
Archduke Ferdinand
1765–1768, brother
Joseph IIArchduke Francis
1768–1790, son
Leopold VIIArchduke FrancisSon
Heir apparent
20 February 1790;
father succeeded
1 March 1792;
succeeded
Ferdinando III of Tuscany
1790–1792, brother
Francis II Ferdinando III of Tuscany Brother
Heir presumptive
1 March 1792;
brother succeeded
19 April 1793;
son born to Archduke
Charles of Teschen
1792–1793, brother
Archduke FerdinandSon
Heir apparent
19 April 1793;
born
11 August 1804;
Archduchy replaced by Empire
Ferdinando III of Tuscany
1793–1799, uncle
Archduke Joseph Franz
1799–1804, brother

Heirs to the Austrian Empire

EmperorHeirRelationship to emperor and statusBecame heirCeased to be heirNext in line
Francis IICrown Prince FerdinandSon
Heir apparent
11 August 1804;
foundation of the Empire
2 March 1835;
succeeded
Archduke Joseph Franz
1804–1807, brother
Archduke Franz Karl
1807–1835, brother
Ferdinand IArchduke Franz KarlBrother
Heir presumptive
2 March 1835;
brother succeeded
2 December 1848;
renounced his succession rights
Archduke Franz Joseph
1835–1848, son
Franz Joseph IArchduke Ferdinand MaximilianBrother
Heir presumptive
2 December 1848;
brother succeeded
21 August 1858;
son born to Emperor
Archduke Karl Ludwig
1848–1858, brother
Crown Prince RudolfSon
Heir apparent
21 August 1858;
born
30 January 1889;
died
Archduke Ferdinand Maximilian
1858–1864, uncle
Archduke Karl Ludwig
1864–1889, uncle
Archduke Karl LudwigBrother
Heir presumptive
30 January 1889;
nephew died
19 May 1896;
died
Archduke Franz Ferdinand
1889–1896, son
Archduke Franz FerdinandNephew
Heir presumptive
19 May 1896;
father died
28 June 1914;
assassinated
Archduke Otto
1896–1906, brother
Archduke Karl
1906–1916, nephew
Archduke KarlGrandnephew
Heir presumptive
28 June 1914;
uncle died
21 November 1916;
succeeded
Archduke Otto
1914–1916, son
Karl ICrown Prince OttoSon
Heir apparent
21 November 1916;
father succeeded
12 November 1918;
Empire replaced by republic
Archduke Robert
1916–1918, brother

References

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