List of left and far left parties in Europe
This is a list of European political parties that have been classified as left-wing or far left in the political spectrum. The categorization of some parties may vary in different sources.
| Country | Party | Left | Radical left | Far left | Extreme left | Ideology |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cyprus | Progressive Party of Working People (AKEL) | March[1] | Reform communism[1] | |||
| Czech Republic | Communist Party of Bohemia and Moravia (KSČM) | March[1] | Mareš[2] | Reform communism[1] | ||
| Czech Republic | Union of Youth Communist of Czechoslovakia (SMKČ) | March[1] | Mareš[2] | Radical left[1] | ||
| Denmark | Socialist People's Party (SF) | Backes/Moreau[3] Dunphy[4] | March[1] | Hloušek/Kopeček[5] | Democratic socialism,[1] Red Green,[3] leftist postmaterialism[5] | |
| Denmark | Red-Green Alliance (EL) | March[1] | Democratic socialism[1] | |||
| Finland | Left Alliance (Finland) (VAS) | Backes/Moreau[3] Dunphy[6] | March[1] | Democratic socialism,[1] Red Green[3] | ||
| France | French Communist Party (PCF) | Dunphy[7] | March[1] | Hloušek/Kopeček[8] | Reform communism[1][8] | |
| France | New Anticapitalist Party (NPA) | March[1] | Populist socialism[1] | |||
| France | Workers' Struggle (LO) | Dunphy[9] | Courtois/Andolfatto[10] | Trotskyism | ||
| France | Revolutionary Communist League (LCR), defunct | Dunphy[9] | Courtois/Andolfatto[10] | Trotskyism | ||
| Germany | The Left | March[1] | Hloušek/Kopeček[11] | Populist socialism[1] | ||
| Greece | Communist Party of Greece (KKE) | Dunphy[12] | March/Mudde[13] | Hloušek/Kopeček[14] | March[1] | Traditionalist[14]/ conservative communism[1] |
| Greece | Synaspismós | Backes/Moreau[3] Dunphy[12] | March[1] | Hloušek/Kopeček[5] | Democratic socialism,[1] Red Green,[3] leftist postmaterialism[5] | |
| Iceland | Left-Green Movement (VG) | Backes/Moreau[3] | March[1] | Democratic socialism,[1] Red Green[3] | ||
| Ireland | Sinn Féin | March[1] | Populist socialism[1] | |||
| Ireland | People Before Profit Alliance (PBP) | Populism, Socialism, Euroscepticism, Progressiveness, United Ireland, Enviromentalism | ||||
| Italy | Party of Communist Refoundation (PRC) | Dunphy[15] | March[1] | Hloušek/Kopeček[8] | Reform communism[1][8] | |
| Italy | Party of Italian Communists (PdCI) | Dunphy[15] | March[1] | Reform communism[1] | ||
| Italy | Italian Communist Party (PCI), defunct | Dunphy[15] | ||||
| Italy | Proletarian Democracy (DP), defunct | Dunphy[16] | ||||
| Latvia | Socialist Party of Latvia (LSP) | March[1] | Conservative communism[1] | |||
| Netherlands | Socialist Party (Netherlands) (SP) | March[1] Voerman[17] | Hloušek/Kopeček[8] | Populist socialism[1]/ social populism[8] | ||
| Netherlands | GreenLeft (GL) | Backes/Moreau[3] | Hloušek/Kopeček[5] | Red Green,[3] leftist postmaterialism[5] | ||
| Norway | Socialist Left Party (SV) | Backes/Moreau[3] | March[1] | Hloušek/Kopeček[5] | Democratic socialism,[1] Red Green[3] leftist postmaterialism[5] | |
| Portugal | Left Bloc (BE) | March[1] | Cunha[18] | Democratic socialism[1] | ||
| Portugal | Portuguese Communist Party (PCP) | Dunphy[19] | Hloušek/Kopeček[14] | March[1] | Orthodox[18]/traditionalist[14]/ conservative communism[1] | |
| Scotland | Scottish Socialist Party (SSP) | March[1] | Hloušek/Kopeček[8] | Populist socialism[1]/ social populism[8] | ||
| Slovakia | Communist Party of Slovakia (KSS) | March[1] | Conservative communism[1] | |||
| Slovakia | Association of Slovak Workers (ZRS) | March[1] | Mareš[20]/ Hloušek/Kopeček[21] | Social populism[1] | ||
| Spain | Communist Party of Spain (PCE) | Dunphy[22] | March[1] | Reform communism[1] | ||
| Sweden | Left Party (Sweden) (V) | Backes/Moreau[3] Dunphy[23] | March[1] | Democratic socialism,[1] Red Green[3] | ||
| Ukraine | Communist Party of Ukraine (CPU) | Polese[24] | Communism, Marxism-Leninism, pro-Russia[25] |
Literature
- Backes, Uwe; Moreau, Patrick (2008). Communist and Post-Communist Parties in Europe. Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht.
- Dunphy, Richard (2004). Contesting capitalism? Left parties and European integration. Manchester University Press.
- Hloušek, Vít; Kopeček, Lubomír (2010). Origin, Ideology and Transformation of Political Parties: East-Central and Western Europe Compared. Farnham, Surrey and Burlington, VT: Ashgate.
- March, Luke (2008). Contemporary Far Left Parties in Europe (PDF). Berlin: Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung. ISBN 978-3-86872-000-6.
- March, Luke; Mudde, Cas (2005). "What's Left of the Radical Left? The European Radical Left After 1989: Decline and Mutation". Comparative European Politics. Palgrave Macmillan (3): 23–49.
References
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 March, 2008, p. 4
- 1 2 Mareš, Miroslav (2008), "Communist and Post-Communist Parties in the Czech Republic and Slovakia", Communist and Post-Communist Parties in Europe, p. 305
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 Backes/Moreau, 2008, p.571
- ↑ Dunphy, 2004, p. 131
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Hloušek/Kopeček, 2010, p. 46
- ↑ Dunphy, 2004, p. 139
- ↑ Dunphy, 2004, p. 91
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Hloušek/Kopeček, 2010, p. 47
- 1 2 Dunphy, 2004, p. 102
- 1 2 Courtois, Stéphane; Andolfatto, Dominique (2208), "France — The Collapse of the House of Communism", Communist and Post-Communist Parties in Europe, pp. 115, 130 Check date values in:
|date=(help) - ↑ Hloušek/Kopeček, 2010, p. 72
- 1 2 Dunphy, 2004, p. 103
- ↑ March/Mudde, 2005, p. 42
- 1 2 3 4 Hloušek/Kopeček, 2010, pp. 46–47
- 1 2 3 Dunphy, 2004, p. 72
- ↑ Dunphy, 2004, p. 88
- ↑ Voerman, Gerrit (2008), "The Disappearance of Communism in the Netherlands", Communist and Post-Communist Parties in Europe, p. 16
- 1 2 Cunha, Carlos (2008), "Few but Pure and Good Members are Preferred to a Mass Party — The Portuguese Communist Party's Continued Orthodoxy", Communist and Post-Communist Parties in Europe, p. 197
- ↑ Dunphy, 2004, p. 113
- ↑ Mareš, Miroslav (2008), "Communist and Post-Communist Parties in the Czech Republic and Slovakia", Communist and Post-Communist Parties in Europe, p. 309
- ↑ Hloušek/Kopeček, 2010, p. 32
- ↑ Dunphy, 2004, p. 121
- ↑ Dunphy, 2004, p. 148
- ↑ Polese, Abel (2008), "Ukraine 1991–2006 — Where Have All the Communists Gone?", Communist and Post-Communist Parties in Europe, p. 16
- ↑ Nordsieck, Wolfram, "Ukraine", Parties and Elections in Europe, retrieved 13 January 2014
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