Lorado Taft

Lorado Taft
Born (1860-04-29)April 29, 1860
Elmwood, Illinois
Died October 30, 1936(1936-10-30) (aged 76)
Chicago, Illinois
Nationality American
Known for Sculpture

Lorado Zadoc Taft (April 29, 1860 – October 30, 1936) was an American sculptor, writer and educator. Taft was born in Elmwood, Illinois, in 1860 and died in his home studio in Chicago in 1936.[1] Taft was the father of Representative Emily Taft Douglas, father-in-law to her husband, Senator Paul Douglas, and a distant relative of U.S. President William Howard Taft.

Early years and education

Taft at work on Fountain of the Great Lakes in 1913 in Lorado Taft Midway Studios.

After being homeschooled by his parents, Taft earned his bachelor's degree (1879) and master's degree (1880) from the Illinois Industrial University (later renamed the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign) where his father was a professor of geology.[2] The same year he left for Paris to study sculpture, yet maintained his connections with the university for the rest of his life. In 1929, he dedicated his sculpture of Alma Mater on the University of Illinois campus. Taft envisioned his Alma Mater as a benign and magnificent woman, about fourteen feet high and dressed in classical draperies, rising from a throne and advancing a step forward with outstretched arms in a gesture of generous greeting to her children. Two figures behind her on either side represent the university’s motto, Learning and Labor.[3]

In Paris, Taft attended the École nationale supérieure des Beaux-Arts from 1880 to 1883, where he studied with Augustin Dumont, Jean-Marie Bonnassieux and Jules Thomas. His record there was outstanding; he was cited as "top man" in his studio and twice exhibited at the Salon. Upon returning to the United States in 1886, he settled in Chicago. He taught at The School of the Art Institute of Chicago, a job he would hold until 1929. In addition to work in clay and plaster, Taft taught his students marble carving, and had them work on group projects. He also lectured at the University of Chicago and the University of Illinois.[4]

The Recording Angel, 1923

In 1892, while the art community of Chicago was preparing for the World's Columbian Exposition of 1893, chief architect Daniel Burnham expressed concern to Taft that the sculptural adornments to the buildings might not be finished on time. Taft asked if he could employ some of his female students as assistants (it was not socially accepted for women to work as sculptors at that time) for the Horticultural Building. Burnham responded, "Hire anyone, even white rabbits if they'll do the work." From that arose a group of talented women sculptors known as "the White Rabbits": Enid Yandell, Carol Brooks MacNeil, Bessie Potter Vonnoh, Janet Scudder, Julia Bracken and Ellen Rankin Copp.

Later, another former student, Frances Loring, noted that Taft used his students' talents to further his own career, a not uncommon situation. In general, history has given Taft credit for helping to advance the status of women as sculptors.

In 1898, Taft was a founding member of the Eagle's Nest Art Colony in the small town of Oregon, Illinois. Taft designed the Columbus Fountain at Union Station in Washington, D.C., in collaboration with Daniel Burnham.

Later years

As Taft grew older, his eloquence and compelling writing led him, along with Frederick Ruckstull, to the forefront of sculpture's conservative ranks, where he often served as a spokesperson against the modern and abstract trends that developed during his lifetime. Taft's frequent lecture tours for the Chautauqua gave him a broad, popular celebrity status.

Part of the Fountain of Creation (1933, unfinished), at the Library of the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign.

In some settings, Taft is better known for his writings than for his sculpture. In 1903, Taft published The History of American Sculpture, the first survey of the subject. The revised 1925 version was to remain the standard reference on the subject until Wayne Craven published "Sculpture in America" in 1968. In 1921, Taft published Modern Tendencies in Sculpture, a compilation of his lectures given at the Art Institute of Chicago. At the time, it offered a distinct perspective on the development of European sculpture; today, the book continues to be regarded as an excellent survey of American sculpture in the early years of the 20th century.

Taft was a member of the National Academy of Design, the National Institute of Arts and Letters, and the American Academy of Arts and Letters; he headed the National Sculpture Society in the 1920s and served on the Board of Art Advisors of Illinois. He received numerous awards, prizes, and honorary degrees, served on the U.S. Commission of Fine Arts from 1925 to 1929, and was an honorary member of the American Institute of Architects. His papers reside in collections at the Smithsonian Archives of American Art, the University of Illinois, and the Art Institute of Chicago.[5]

Taft was active until the end of his life. The week before he died, he attended the Quincy, Illinois, dedication ceremonies for his sculpture celebrating the Lincoln-Douglas debates.[1]

He left unfinished a vast work to be called the "Fountain of Creation" which he planned to place at the opposite end of the Chicago Midway from the "Fountain of Time."[6] Parts of this work were donated to the University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign and are now at the library and Foellinger Auditorium. The University named a dormitory and a street in Taft's honor.[7]

In 1965, his Chicago workplace was designated a National Historic Landmark as Lorado Taft Midway Studios.[8]

Sculptor's body of work

Lorado Taft was a member of the National Sculpture Society and exhibited at both their 1923 and 1929 shows. Today Taft is best remembered for his various fountains.

The University of Illinois Archives has a series of photographs of most of Lorado Taft's important works, including many of their construction and preliminary models.[9]

Fountain of Time

Fountain of Time (1910-22), Midway Plaisance, Chicago, Illinois.

Following more than a dozen years of work, Taft's Fountain of Time was unveiled at the west end of Chicago's Midway Plaisance in 1922. Based on poet Austin Dobson's lines — "Time goes, you say? Ah no, Alas, time stays, we go." — the fountain shows a cloaked figure of time observing the stream of humanity flowing past.

The Patriots (1932), Louisiana State Capitol, Baton Rouge.

Pioneer & Patriot Groups for the Louisiana State Capitol Building

The last major commission that Taft completed was two groups for the front entrance to the Louisiana State Capitol Building, dedicated in 1932.

Students and assistants

During his long career Taft acted as a mentor and teacher for many sculptors including:

Selected commissions

Lincoln the Lawyer (1929), Urbana, Illinois.
Eternal Silence (1909), Graceland Cemetery, Chicago, Illinois.

War memorials

Notes

  1. 1 2 "Mr. Lorado Taft Dies; Leading Sculptor; Creator of Some of Country's Outstanding Monuments is Stricken at 76; Was Teacher in Chicago; Fountain of Time and Columbus Memorial in Washington Among Chief Works," New York Times. October 31, 1936.
  2. ↑ Taft's association with the University is commemorated by a street named in his honor.
  3. ↑ Allen Weller, Lorado Taft: The Chicago Years, Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 2014, 197-8.
  4. ↑ Blanche Higgins Schroer, Landmark Review Project: Lorado Taft Midway Studios, National Park Service, 1965.
  5. ↑ Thomas E. Luebke, ed., Civic Art: A Centennial History of the U.S. Commission of Fine Arts (Washington, D.C.: U.S. Commission of Fine Arts, 2013): Appendix B, 556.
  6. ↑ Taft Biography, University of Illinois Library, accessed May 16, 2012.
  7. ↑ Taft Hall 40°06′08″N 88°14′01″W / 40.1021°N 88.2337°W and Taft Drive, 40°06′11″N 88°13′45″W / 40.1030°N 88.2293°W
  8. ↑ Blanche Higgins Schroer (April 3, 1976). "National Register of Historic Places Inventory-Nomination: Lorado Taft Midway Studios" (PDF). National Park Service. Retrieved 2009-06-27 and Accompanying 10 photos, exterior and interior, from 1975 and undated (2.97 MB)
  9. ↑ "An Inventory of the Lorado Taft Papers at the University of Illinois Archives. Mounted Photograph Collection - A series of photographs of most of Lorado Taft's important works, including many of their construction and preliminary models". uiuc.edu. Links to photographs
  10. ↑ Scherrer, Anton. "Our Town." Indianapolis Times. 18 April 1939.

Sources

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