May 1981

May 10, 1981: François Mitterrand voted in as President of France

French President Valéry Giscard d'Estaing voted out

May 13, 1981: Pope John Paul II seriously wounded by gunman in Rome

May 26, 1981: Kovalyonok and Savinykh, back after record 75 days in orbit

May 11, 1981: Bob Marley dies at 36

The following events occurred in May 1981:

May 1, 1981 (Friday)

• The first frequent-flyer program was introduced, with American Airlines launching "AAdvantage." People flying on "AA" were rewarded with credits that could be amassed and used for free travel. Soon, other airlines followed suit.^[1]
• An 8-year-old boy in Spain became the first victim of toxic oil syndrome, dying from acute respiratory insufficiency after eating food prepared in a cooking oil that contained aniline. Before the source was located, 20,643 cases were documented and 312 others died within the first year.^[2]
• U.S. Senator Harrison Williams of New Jersey was convicted on felony charges of bribery and conspiracy, and sentenced to 3 years in prison. Senator Williams refused to resign until his conviction was upheld on appeal, and quit on March 11, 1982.^[3]
• In response to pressure from the United States, Japan's Ministry of International Trade and Industry (MITI) enacted a voluntary restraint agreement (VRA), reducing the number of car sales to the U.S. to 1,680,000 units. The VRA remained in effect until March 1, 1985.^[4]
• Born: Alexander Hleb, Belarusian-born soccer football player, in Minsk

May 2, 1981 (Saturday)

• Aer Lingus Flight 164 from Dublin to London was hijacked by Laurence James Downey, whose motive was to learn the 3rd of the Three Secrets of Fátima. After dowsing himself with gasoline and threatening to set himself afire, Downey ordered the Boeing 737 to fly to the French city of Le Touquet and held the 113 people on board hostage, demanding publication of his manifesto, and for Pope John Paul II to disclose the third secret. French anti-terrorist police rushed aboard the airliner after 8 hours and took Downey into custody, without the secret being revealed.^[5] Downey lived to see the Vatican's release of the secret on June 26, 2000.^[6]

May 3, 1981 (Sunday)

• Symeon of Thessaloniki was proclaimed a saint of the Greek Orthodox Church by unanimous decision of church officials.^[7]

May 4, 1981 (Monday)

• The U.S. Federal Communications Commission announced that it had set aside the 40 MHz range of the radio spectrum for future use by cellular telephone systems, with each market to receive two equal blocks, one of which would be granted to the local telephone service provider, and the other to the highest bidder. The number of available channels for communication had been 44 since 1946, and was increased to 666 by the ruling.^[8]
• Born: Jacques Rudolph, South African cricketer, in Springs
• Died: Paul Green, 87, American playwright

May 5, 1981 (Tuesday)

• The Declaration on Euthanasia was issued by Pope John Paul II.^[9]
• While in orbit in the Salyut 6 space station, Soviet cosmonaut Vladimir Kovalyonok saw what he described as an unidentified flying object that resembled a transparent barbell, kept the same speed as the station, and then exploded. Kovalyonok described the experience 12 years later in an interview.^[10]
• Born: Craig David, English R&B singer, in Southampton
• Died: Bobby Sands, inmate at the Maze Prison, convicted activist of the Provisional Irish Republican Army, and a Member of the Parliament, died on the 66th day of his hunger strike, at the age of 27. Sands had gone into a coma and succumbed at 1:17 am local time. British policy toward hunger strikers had been changed in 1974 to prohibit forced feeding or other medical intervention.^[11]
• Died: Alphonse Indelicato, 50; Dominick Trinchera, 44; and Philip Giaccone, 48, three high ranking bosses in the Bonanno crime family, were shot to death after being invited to a meeting at the 20/20 Nightclub in Brooklyn by Joseph Massino of the Rastelli family. Massino's men then disposed of the bodies.^[12]

May 6, 1981 (Wednesday)

• Citing Libya's support of international terrorism, the United States ordered the closure of the Libyan Embassy building in Washington, D.C. Ambassador Ali Houderi was summoned to the U.S. State Department, and told to withdraw the 27 diplomats and their families within one week. The U.S. Embassy in Libya had closed in 1980. Diplomatic relations were restored in 2004.^[13]
• Maurice Papon, the Minister of the Budget of France, was revealed by the newspaper Le Canard enchaîné to have been a collaborationist with the Nazi German occupation forces in Vichy France during World War II. Documents discovered by Le Canard showed Papon's signature on orders deporting French Jews to Germany. Papon would later be tried for and convicted of crimes against humanity.^[14]
• The Vietnam Veterans Memorial Fund announced that it had accepted the design of 21-year-old architecture student Maya Ying Lin for the memorial in Washington D.C. Lin's proposal #1026 out of 1,421 reviewed by a panel of judges.^[15]
• A U.S. Air Force C-135 plane, similar to a Boeing 707, exploded at 10:45 while at an altitude of 28,000 feet. All 21 USAF personnel on board were killed, and the wreckage was scattered over an area near Frederick, Maryland.^[16]
• Died: Frank Fitzsimmons, 72, Teamsters union President. Roy Williams succeeded him on May 15.

May 7, 1981 (Thursday)

• Stand-up comedian Jerry Seinfeld, of Massapequa, New York, performed for a national audience for the first time, introduced by Johnny Carson on The Tonight Show. His routine, taped in the evening, aired an hour into that night's show. Seinfeld's national television debut had been in 1980 on three shows of the TV comedy Benson.^[17]
• A school bus accident in Surakarta, Indonesia, killed 31 people, mostly children, when the driver ignored a signal at a railroad crossing.^[18]

May 8, 1981 (Friday)

• A sinkhole in Winter Park, Florida began forming near South Denning Drive and West Fairbanks Avenue at 8 p.m.^[19] By Saturday, it had "swallowed" the home of 67-year-old beautician Mae Rose Owens, along with six cars at German Car Service, a Porsche dealership, and part of the municipal swimming pool before stabilizing.^[20]
• Maureen Mosie, believed to be the last victim of the "Trans-Canada Highway Killer", was found beaten to death at Kamloops in British Columbia. Beginning on October 19, 1973, and continuing for more than seven years, 28 young women and girls, in British Columbia and Alberta, most of them hitchhikers, were raped and murdered. The crimes remain unsolved.^[21]
• Died: Uri Zvi Grinberg, 84, Israeli poet and journalist

May 9, 1981 (Saturday)

• Direct elections were held in Nepal for the first time for the parliament, the Rashtriya Panchayat.^[22]
• India's Prime Minister, Indira Gandhi overwhelmingly won a vote of confidence, 275-90, following a ten-hour debate that had begun the afternoon before.^[23]
• Died: Nelson Algren, 72, American author

May 10, 1981 (Sunday)

• French presidential election, 1981: In the second round of the presidential elections in France, François Mitterrand beat President Valéry Giscard d'Estaing, receiving 15,708,262 votes to Giscard's 14,642,306. ^[24] Mitterrand had been defeated for the presidency in 1965 and in 1974 before winning a seven-year term as the first socialist President of the French Fifth Republic.^[25]
• Joseph Christopher, an American serial killer who killed twelve people was arrested, and charged with the murders of four soldiers earlier in the year. He had been hospitalized on May 6 after a suicide attempt, the "Midtown Slasher", bragged to a nurse about his crimes.^[26]

May 11, 1981 (Monday)

• Andrew Lloyd Webber's hit musical Cats was performed for the first time, beginning an 8,949 show run at the New London Theatre, closing on May 11, 2002. The Broadway production would open at the Winter Garden Theatre on September 23, 1982.^[27]
• Born: Lauren Jackson, Australian-born pro basketball player, MVP winner of WNBA in 2003, 2007 and 2010, and of Australia's WNBL in 1999, 2000, and 2004; in Albury, NSW; Nello Russo an Italian footballer; Mark Kruk, Guitarist for The Confederacy; and Daisuke Matsui, Japanese soccer football player, in Kyoto
• Died: Bob Marley, 36, Jamaican singer and musician

May 12, 1981 (Tuesday)

• U.S. Secretary of Health and Human Services Richard Schweiker announced the Reagan administration's plan to balance the budget by reducing social security benefits paid for early retirement from 80% of the full rate to 55%.^[28] The proposal was so unpopular that both Republicans and Democrats agreed on it, voting 96-0 on a resolution to condemn the idea.^[29]
• Died: Benjamin H. Sheares, 73, President of Singapore since 1971; and Francis Hughes, 25, hunger striker at Maze Prison

May 13, 1981 (Wednesday)

• Pope John Paul II was shot and seriously wounded by Mehmet Ali Ağca, a Turkish gunman, as he entered St. Peter's Square in Vatican City to address a general audience. At 5:17 pm local time (11:17 am EST), the Pontiff was wounded by Agca, who fired from a distance of 15 feet. Bystanders Ann Odre of the United States, and Rose Hill of Jamaica, were also injured.^[30]

May 14, 1981 (Thursday)

• 1981 NBA Finals: The Boston Celtics defeated the Houston Rockets 102-91 to win the National Basketball Association championship series, 4 games to 2.^[31]
• The collision between an express train and the rear of another passenger train, near Kyongsan, South Korea killed 53 people and injured 233 others. The first train had backed up 300 yards after striking a stalled motorcycle, and the second was unable to stop in time after rounding a blind curve.^[32]

May 15, 1981 (Friday)

• Dying of leukemia, Soong Ching-ling, 90, was named as the ceremonial head of state of the People's Republic of China. The widow of Sun Yat-sen, she was the first person to hold the office since Liu Shaoqi (Liu Shao-chi) was deposed as President in 1967.^[33] She died two weeks later.
• Len Barker pitched the first perfect game in Major League Baseball since 1968, in the Cleveland Indians' 3-0 victory over the Toronto Blue Jays. A crowd of only 7,290 saw the game in Cleveland.^[34] Barker's catcher, Ron Hassey, also caught the perfect game pitched on July 28, 1991, by Dennis Martínez in the Expos' 2-0 win over the Dodgers.^[35]
• Born: Patrice Evra, Senegalese-born French footballer, in Dakar; Justin Morneau, Canadian-born MLB baseball player, in New Westminster, BC; and Zara Phillips, British princess and equestrian sports champion, in London
• Died: Odd Hassel, 83, Norwegian chemist and 1969 Nobel Prize in Chemistry laureate

May 16, 1981 (Saturday)

• Soyuz 40, carrying the first Romanian cosmonaut, Dumitru Prunariu, and veteran Leonid Popov, docked with the Salyut-6 space station, two days after launching. The pair were greeted by Vladimir Kovalyonok and Viktor Savinykh, who had been in outer space since March 12.^[36]

May 17, 1981 (Sunday)

• Sheikh Hasina, the daughter of Bangladesh founder Sheikh Mujibur Rahman returned from India after more than five years exile that began after his assassination. More than one million of her supporters turned out to welcome her return, and she urged the nation to work toward restoring democracy. On May 30, President Ziaur Rahman would be assassinated.^[37] As leader of the Awami League, Sheikh Hasina would become Prime Minister of Bangladesh in 2009.^[38]
• Died: Jeannette Piccard, 86, first woman to be ordained a priest in the Episcopal Church

May 18, 1981 (Monday)

• The first news article about AIDS appeared on page 7 of the New York Native, a gay bi-weekly newspaper, under the headline "Disease Rumors Largely Unfounded." Larry Mass, a physician and contributor to the Native, had been alerted to an increase in reported cases of pneumocystis pneumonia among gay men, and broke the news two weeks before it was officially announced in the CDC's Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report.^[39]
• Died: William Saroyan, 72, American author

May 20, 1981 (Wednesday)

• The first major biotechnology contract was signed between the Massachusetts General Hospital and the German pharmaceutical firm Hoechst AG, with the corporation agreeing to pay the hospital $70,000,000 over ten years for genetic research.^[40]
• Born: Iker Casillas, Spanish World Cup winning goalkeeper, in footballer, in Móstoles
• Died: Harry Vaughn, controversial aide to President Harry Truman

May 21, 1981 (Thursday)

• The World Health Organization approved the International Code of Marketing of Breast-milk Substitutes by a vote of 118 to 1. The lone vote against the code came from the United States.^[41]
• François Mitterrand was inaugurated as President of France for the first of two terms of seven years each.^[42]
• The New York Islanders won their second consecutive Stanley Cup, beating the Minnesota North Stars 5-1 in Game 5 of the series.
• The mysterious death of a 15-month-old infant became the first sign that ICU Nurse Genene Jones was murdering her young patients.^[43]
• Born: Anna Rogowska, Polish pole vaulter, in Gdynia; and Josh Hamilton, American baseball player, in Raleigh, North Carolina

May 22, 1981 (Friday)

• Atlanta Child Murders: A white Chevrolet station wagon driven by Wayne Williams was stopped by FBI agents and Atlanta police, shortly after they had seen his car stop on a bridge over the Chattahoochee River, heard a loud splash, and watched the car drive away. A stakeout of bridges over the river had been unproductive, and the operation had been scheduled to end a 6:00 am. Williams was released, but kept under surveillance. Two days later, the body of Nathaniel Cater was found in the river. Cater had last been seen with Williams on the night before the incident, and animal hairs on his body were consistent with those belong to Williams's dog.^[44]
• Serial killer Peter Sutcliffe, known as the Yorkshire Ripper, was convicted of 13 counts of murder, and sentenced to life imprisonment, with no parole for at least 30 years.^[45]

May 23, 1981 (Saturday)

• The first victim of the Ripper Crew, four men who were part of a satanic cult in Chicago, was abducted in the suburb of Elmhurst, Illinois. Her mutilated body was found ten days later, one breast having been cut off. The pattern continued over the next 17 months, with at least six other women who were kidnapped and had a breast slashed; two survived. Robin Gecht, Ed Spreitzer, and brothers Andrew and Thomas Kokoraleis were eventually convicted of various attacks. Andrew was executed on March 16, 1999.^[46]

May 24, 1981 (Sunday)

• Jaime Roldós Aguilera, the 40-year-old President of Ecuador, was killed in a plane crash, along with his wife, the nation's Defense Minister, and six other people. President Roldós was on the way to the town of Zapotillo for a ceremony when the Avro 748 crashed into the side of a mountain.^[47] In his 2004 book Confessions of an Economic Hit Man, author John Perkins stated his belief that the crash was an assassination carried out after Roldós threatened the oil companies that operated in Ecuador.^[48]
• The body of Heather Scaggs, the last victim of "The Trailside Killer", was found in a remote part of the Big Basin State Park in California. Scaggs had last been seen alive on May 2, when she got in a car with her coworker, David Carpenter, and he became the prime suspect. Investigators linked his .38 caliber revolver to the murder of Scaggs, and six hikers who had been murdered over the previous seven months.^[49]
• Spanish commandos rescued all 70 hostages taken in the takeover of the Central Bank of Barcelona.^[50]
• Died: George Jessel, 83, American actor

May 25, 1981 (Monday)

• Dressed as Spider-Man, professional acrobat Daniel Goodwin climbed up the side of the 1,454 foot high Sears Tower in Chicago, using climbing hooks and ropes, reaching the top after 7 ¹⁄₂ hours. Police unsuccessfully tried stop him by lowering a window-washing scaffold, but Goodwin moved sideways with the aid of suction cups along the glass facade. At the 55th floor, Goodwin and the police negotiated a deal, allowing him to climb to the roof of the 110 story tower, and then to be arrested.^[51]
• The Gulf Cooperation Council GCC) was created in Riyadh by Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates, Kuwait, Oman, and Qatar as an economic and military alliance.^[52]
• The hijacking of a Turkish Airlines jet, with 90 hostages, on board, ended after passengers attacked the group. The DC-9, with 119 people on board, had landed in Bulgaria at Burgas, after being seized while en route from Istanbul to Ankara.^[53]
• Died: Rosa Ponselle, 84, American soprano

May 26, 1981 (Tuesday)

• The crash of an EA-6B Prowler jet on the USS Nimitz killed 14 sailors, injured 48, and caused $100,000,000 in damage to the nuclear powered aircraft carrier.^[54] Autopsies showed that the pilot had had six times the normal level of the stimulant brompheniramine in his blood, and that several of the deckhands had traces of marijuana. The United States Navy adopted a zero tolerance policy toward drugs and became the first branch of the American services to begin regular drug-testing.^[55]
• Italy's Prime Minister Arnaldo Forlani and his entire cabinet resigned, days after Forlani had released the list of names of members of the P-2 secret society. Forlani stayed on until a new government could be formed.^[56]
• Soviet cosmonauts Vladimir Kovalyonok and Viktor Savinykh became the last people to leave the Salyut 6 space station, and returned to Earth after a then-record 75 days in outer space.^[57]
• Ronald Reagan became the oldest man to serve as President of the United States, reaching the age of 70 years and 109 days. Dwight D. Eisenhower had been 70 years, 108 days old on his last day of office, January 20, 1961.

May 27, 1981 (Wednesday)

• Roger Wheeler, President of Telex Corporation and owner of World Jai Alai, was shot to death by gunmen after finishing a round of golf at the Southern Hills country club in Tulsa, Oklahoma.^[58] In 2001, mob hitman John Martorano pleaded guilty to Wheeler's murder.^[59]

May 28, 1981 (Thursday)

• Bambi Bembenek murdered Christine Schultz, her husband's first wife, in Milwaukee. Convicted in 1982 and was released from prison ten years later, but not before she had escaped to Canada and been extradited. Bembenek's case inspired two made-for-TV movies and many books.^[60]
• Died: Mary Lou Williams, 71, American jazz composer; Cardinal Stefan Wyszyński, 79, Polish Roman Catholic archbishop; and Lem Billings, 65, long-time confidant of John F. Kennedy

May 29, 1981 (Friday)

• Indonesian author Pramoedya Ananta Toer had two novels banned by the government of Indonesia on grounds that the two books Bumi Mamusia (This Earth of Mankind) and Anak Semua Bangsa (Child of All Nations) were an attempt to spread Communist teachings throughout that nation.^[61]
• Born: Andrei Arshavin, Russian soccer football player, captain of national team; in Leningrad
• Died: Soong Ching-ling, 90, widow of Sun Yat-sen and honorary president of China.

May 30, 1981 (Saturday)

• Ziaur Rahman, the President of Bangladesh, was assassinated, along with eight of his aides were assassinated as Rahman spent the night in Chittagong. Taking place at 4:00 am local time, the attack was planned by Major General Muhammed Manzur, whom Ziaur had recently fired as the army chief of staff. Lt. Col. Motiur Rahman killed the pajama-clad President Ziaur with an automatic rifle.^[62]

May 31, 1981 (Sunday)

• Buster Douglas, who would become the world heavyweight boxing champion in 1990, began his professional career, knocking out Dan Banks in the third round in a bout in Columbus, Ohio.^[63]
• Born: Jake Peavy, American MLB pitcher, in Mobile, Alabama
• Died: Giuseppe Pella, 79, former Prime Minister of Italy

References