Nachum Kaplan

Reb Menachem Nachum^[5] ben Uzziel Kaplan (1811, in Baisogala – October 25, 1879) was a Lithuanian Talmudist, philanthropist,^[1] and Talmid Chacham who was known throughout Lithuania and Poland as Reb Nachum'ke of Horodna^[6] or Reb Nahum Grodner.^[1]

Rabbi Kaplan was well-versed in the Talmud and the poskim^[7] as well as in kabbalah and Acharonim.^[8] Yet, because of his humility, he refused to render halachic decisions (except for one occasion when it was a matter of life and death)^[9][10] and preferred to hold the humble position of shammash (sexton) in the Synagogue Chevra Shas and to pass his life in poverty. But his untiring energy in behalf of the distressed of all classes and the implicit confidence reposed in him made him famous throughout Russian Jewry. He spent a great part of his time in going from house to house, collecting from residents of Grodno and from visitors money or articles of necessity and bestowing them wherever they were most needed. He exercised much influence also by his great piety and simplicity of life. He was a preacher of much force and was adored by the Jewish masses, to whom he spoke, usually on Shabbat afternoons, on plain moral truths in a language and manner suited to their feeling and understanding.^[1]

Biography

Rabbi Nachum was born in Baisogala to Uziel Kaplan, a laborer in a whisky distillery,^[7] and his wife, Meida.^[11][12]

In his youth, he studied under Rabbi Karpl Atlas of Baisogala^[13] (grandfather of Rabbi Meir Atlas) and his sons, Binyamin Beinush and Meir.^[7][14] Later he studied at Siauliai under Rabbi Mordechai Ganker,^[15] and afterwards at the yeshiva of Rabbi Chalavna Lapidus, the maggid of Luokė,^[16] after which he studied at Vilnius.^[17][18]

At age 19, he decided to leave Vilnius in order to study at Ashmyany under Rabbi Avraham Kahana of Horodna (known today as Grodno).^[17] After studying for a while at Ashmyany, he went on to study at the Yeshiva of Mir.^[19]

When he was about twenty years old, he married Itta, the daughter of Yosef Eliezer^[20] (a chimney sweep by trade) of Nesvizh, and moved into the latter's home in Nesvizh. Throughout the day, he studied Gemara, halacha, and works of hashkafah such as Chovot HaLevavot and Menoras HaMaor^[21] until he committed them to memory.^[22]

When he was in his early twenties, he decided to leave Nesvizh and traveled to Valozhyn, where he studied at the Volozhin Yeshiva under Rabbi Eliezer Yitzchak Freid.^[23] Afterwards, he headed for Kaunas^[24] where he studied Gemara and halacha under the rav of the city, Rabbi Menachem Mendel Rabinowitz. He also studied Midrash and Aggadah under Rabbi Eliyahu Ragoler of Slabodka.^[25] During this time, he traveled to Torez where he studied the teachings of the Vilna Gaon under a student of Rabbi Chaim of Volozhin.^[26] Afterwards, he returned to Nesvizh^[27] and a short while later he moved to Horodna.^[28] During the almost fifty years that he lived there, he was offered many prominent positions.^[29] Yet, he refused opportunities for leadership in public life,^[6] choosing instead the position of shammash in the Synagogue Chevra Shas^[1] in Horodna,^[6][30] a position he retained for the rest of his life.^[29][31]

In the last years of his life, he suffered from a serious spinal disorder, a severe intestinal ailment, swelling of the feet, and other discomforts. Yet, on Simchat Torah, he led the congregation in spirited singing and dancing, clutching a Sefer Torah in one arm while his free hand held his stomach to ease the pain.^[32]

A Hebrew language biography of Rabbi Nachum was written by Rabbi Yisrael David Miller who knew Rabbi Nachum personally.^[6] Rabbi Miller was stricken by the cholera pandemic^[33] that struck Horodna in 1872 and firmly believed that Rabbi Nachum's prayers saved his life.^[34][35]

Rabbi Nachum died at Grodno on October 25, 1879.^[1][4][36] Twenty thousand people attended his funeral^[35][36] which took place the next day.^[36]

His son-in-law was Rabbi Gavriel Zev Margolis.^[37]

References

1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7  This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Singer, Isidore; et al., eds. (1901–1906). "NAHUM B. UZZIEL KAPLAN". Jewish Encyclopedia. New York: Funk & Wagnalls Company. Retrieved July 27, 2015. 
   Jewish Encyclopedia bibliography:
   • Gurvich, in Razsvyct, 1879, No. 7;
   • Lipshitz, Nekrolog Rabbi Nokhim iz Grodno (reprinted from Russki Yevrei, 1879, No. 9), St. Petersburg, 1879;
   • Ha-Ẓefirah, 1879, No. 42;
   • Ha-Meliẓ, 1879, No. 43;
   • Friedenstein, 'Ir Gibborim, pp. 95-96, Wilna, 1880.
2. ↑ Miller, Yisrael David. תולדות מנחם [Toldos Menachem] (in Hebrew). Piotrków Trybunalski. p. 130. Retrieved July 22, 2015. 
3. ↑ Miller. תולדות מנחם [Toldos Menachem] (in Hebrew). p. 129. Retrieved July 22, 2015. 
4. 1 2 Finkelman, Shimon (August 1985). The Story of Reb Nachum'ke (First ed.). Brooklyn: Mesorah Publications. p. 138. ISBN 0-89906-782-4. 
5. ↑ Finkelman. The Story of Reb Nachum'ke. p. 22. 
6. 1 2 3 4 Finkelman. The Story of Reb Nachum'ke. Preface. 
7. 1 2 3 Miller. תולדות מנחם [Toldos Menachem] (in Hebrew). Retrieved July 22, 2015. 
8. ↑ Finkelman. The Story of Reb Nachum'ke. p. 93. 
9. ↑ Miller. תולדות מנחם [Toldos Menachem] (in Hebrew). p. 117. Retrieved July 22, 2015. 
10. ↑ Finkelman. The Story of Reb Nachum'ke. p. 96. 
11. ↑ Miller. תולדות מנחם [Toldos Menachem] (in Hebrew). Retrieved July 22, 2015. 
12. ↑ Finkelman. "From the Depths of Poverty". The Story of Reb Nachum'ke. p. 21. 
13. ↑ Finkelman. The Story of Reb Nachum'ke. p. 41. 
14. ↑ Finkelman. The Story of Reb Nachum'ke. p. 43. 
15. ↑ Finkelman. The Story of Reb Nachum'ke. pp. 44–45. 
16. ↑ Miller. תולדות מנחם [Toldos Menachem] (in Hebrew). p. 21. Retrieved July 22, 2015. 
17. 1 2 Miller. תולדות מנחם [Toldos Menachem] (in Hebrew). p. 25. Retrieved July 22, 2015. 
18. ↑ Finkelman. The Story of Reb Nachum'ke. pp. 46–47. 
19. ↑ Miller. תולדות מנחם [Toldos Menachem] (in Hebrew). p. 26. Retrieved July 22, 2015. 
    Finkelman. The Story of Reb Nachum'ke. pp. 48–49. 
20. ↑ Miller. תולדות מנחם [Toldos Menachem] (in Hebrew). p. 29. Retrieved July 22, 2015. 
21. ↑ Miller. תולדות מנחם [Toldos Menachem] (in Hebrew). p. 30. Retrieved July 22, 2015. 
22. ↑ Finkelman. The Story of Reb Nachum'ke. pp. 52–53. 
23. ↑ Finkelman. The Story of Reb Nachum'ke. p. 65. 
24. ↑ Miller. תולדות מנחם [Toldos Menachem] (in Hebrew). p. 39. Retrieved July 22, 2015. 
25. ↑ Miller. תולדות מנחם [Toldos Menachem] (in Hebrew). p. 40. Retrieved July 22, 2015. 
26. ↑ Miller. תולדות מנחם [Toldos Menachem] (in Hebrew). p. 42. Retrieved July 22, 2015. 
    Finkelman. The Story of Reb Nachum'ke. p. 67. 
27. ↑ Miller. תולדות מנחם [Toldos Menachem] (in Hebrew). p. 43. Retrieved July 22, 2015. 
28. ↑ Miller. תולדות מנחם [Toldos Menachem] (in Hebrew). p. 44. Retrieved July 22, 2015. 
    Finkelman. The Story of Reb Nachum'ke. p. 70. 
29. 1 2 Finkelman. The Story of Reb Nachum'ke. p. 113. 
30. ↑ Miller. תולדות מנחם [Toldos Menachem] (in Hebrew). p. 46. Retrieved July 22, 2015. 
    Finkelman. The Story of Reb Nachum'ke. pp. 72–74. 
31. ↑ Finkelman. The Story of Reb Nachum'ke. p. 75. 
32. ↑ Miller. תולדות מנחם [Toldos Menachem] (in Hebrew). p. 128. Retrieved July 22, 2015. 
    Finkelman. The Story of Reb Nachum'ke. p. 97. 
33. ↑ Miller. תולדות מנחם [Toldos Menachem] (in Hebrew). p. 70. Retrieved July 22, 2015. 
34. ↑ Miller. תולדות מנחם [Toldos Menachem] (in Hebrew). p. 71. Retrieved July 22, 2015. 
35. 1 2 Finkelman. The Story of Reb Nachum'ke. p. 104. 
36. 1 2 3 Miller. תולדות מנחם [Toldos Menachem] (in Hebrew). p. 131. Retrieved July 22, 2015. 
37. ↑ תולדות מנחם [Toldos Menachem] (in Hebrew). p. 138. Retrieved July 22, 2015. 
    Finkelman. The Story of Reb Nachum'ke. p. 100.