Peter E. Toschek

Peter Toschek
Born (1933-04-18) 18 April 1933
Hindenburg, Germany
Residence  Germany
Nationality  Germany
Fields Physicist
Institutions University of Hamburg, Institut für Laser-Physik
Alma mater University of Bonn
Doctoral advisor Wolfgang Paul
Known for laser spectroscopy, singular ions
Notable awards Robert-Wichard-Pohl Prize (1990)

Peter E. Toschek (born 18 April 1933) is a German experimental physicist. His research centres on the areas of atom physics, quantum optics, and laser physics. He is a professor at Hamburg University and known as a pioneer of laser spectroscopy as well as for the first demonstration of single trapped atoms (ions).

Biography

Toschek studied physics at the University of Göttingen and at the University of Bonn. He finished his doctorate in 1961 in the group of Wolfgang Paul with a PhD thesis on the scattering of Gallium atoms in defined Zeeman states by Argon and Helium. In 1963 he became a research assistant at the Institut für Angewandte Physik at the University of Heidelberg. There he founded the first German research group for laser spectroscopy which was soon joined by Theodor Hänsch (doctorate 1969). Toschek received his “venia docendi” (Habilitation) in experimental physics in 1968. In 1972 he became a Professor in Heidelberg. In 1981 he accepted a chair in experimental physics at the University of Hamburg. There he and Günter Huber founded the Institut für Laser-Physik in 1989. From 1980 to 1990 Toschek co-edited Optics Communications. Peter Toschek worked at Stanford University with Tony Siegman (1972), at the Laboratoire Aimé Cotton in Orsay, France, (1978/79), and as a Fellow of the Joint Institute for Laboratory Astrophysics (JILA) in Boulder, Colorado (1986/87). He retired in 1998 but continued to be a scientifically active part of the Institut für Laser-Physik.

Research

Since the 1960s, Peter Toschek and his associates developed new methods of laser spectroscopy like Doppler-free saturation spectroscopy [1][2][3] as well as the extremely sensitive intra-cavity absorption spectroscopy (ICAS).[4][5] They observed non-linear interactions of light with atoms [6][7] like self-induced transparency of an absorber, and like the generation of singular optical oscillations (solitons).[8] In 1978, Toschek‘s research group was the first to demonstrate the cooling of atoms by laser light,[9] just before David Wineland and co-workers. After Peter Toschek and Hans Georg Dehmelt having proposed, in 1975, a scheme for the realization and observation of single atomic ions,[10] Werner Neuhauser, Martin Hohenstatt and Peter Toschek in 1978 demonstrated, for the first time, the trapping and visual observation of a single atom, a Barium ion, which had been cooled by laser light down to a few mK above absolute zero temperature, and confined within a miniature quadrupole ion trap.[11] This achievement made feasible the manipulation, quantum measurement and spectroscopy of individual atomic ions.[12] On such quantum objects Toschek and associates observed for the first time and reported in 1986 Niels Bohr's metaphorical "quantum jumps",[13] simultaneously with and independent of similar observations by Hans Georg Dehmelt and co-workers. Other achievements include the first demonstration of a two-photon laser [14] (1981), the quenching of quantum noise (in the difference frequency signal of two laser emission lines) by correlated spontaneous emission (1990),[15][16] stochastic cooling of single ions (1995),[17] the observation of the oscillation dynamics of trapped ions [18] (1998), atomic interferometry on a single ion (1999) [19] and unambiguous evidence of impeded evolution of an unstable quantum system by the system's observation, the Quantum Zeno effect (2000).[20][21]

Toschek’s former students or associates include Bernd Appasamy, Valery Baev, Rainer Blatt, Klaus-Jürgen Boller, Philippe Courteille, Jürgen Eschner, Theodor Hänsch, Werner Neuhauser, Ingo Siemers, Ingo Steiner, and Zhang Dao-Zhong.

Awards

In 1990 Peter Toschek received the Robert-Wichard-Pohl price of the German Physical Society (DPG). Since 1994 he is a member of the Academy of Sciences and Humanities in Hamburg. In 2002 Toschek became a Fellow of the Optical Society of America. In 2015 Peter Toschek received the Herbert-Walther Prize, jointly awarded by DPG and OSA..

References

  1. ↑ Th. Hänsch; P. Toschek (1966-02-15). "Measurement of neon atomic level parameters by laser differential spectrometry". Physics Letters. 20 (3): 273–275. doi:10.1016/0031-9163(66)90361-1.
  2. ↑ Th. Hänsch; P. Toschek (1966-08-01). "Laser differential spectrometry measurement on neon depolarization". Physics Letters. 22 (2): 150–151. doi:10.1016/0031-9163(66)90553-1.
  3. ↑ Th. Hänsch; P. Toschek (1968-07-01). "Observation of Saturation Peaks in a He-Ne Laser by Tuned Laser Differential Spectrometry". IEEE Journal of Quantum Electronics. 4 (7): 467–468. doi:10.1109/JQE.1968.1075367.
  4. ↑ T. Hansch, A.L. Schawlow, P. Toschek (1972-10-01). "Ultrasensitive response of a CW dye laser to selective extinction". IEEE Journal of Quantum Electronics. 8 (10): 802–804. doi:10.1109/JQE.1972.1076854.
  5. ↑ V. M. Baev; T. Latz; P. E. Toschek (1999-09-01). "Laser intracavity absorption spectroscopy". Applied Physics B. 69 (3): 171–202. doi:10.1007/s003400050793.
  6. ↑ Th. Hänsch; R. Keil; A. Schabert; Ch. Schmelzer; P. Toschek (1969-06-01). "Interaction of Laser Light Waves by Dynamic Stark Splitting". Zeitschrift für Physik. 226 (3): 293–296. doi:10.1007/BF01392091.
  7. ↑ Th. Hänsch; P.E. Toschek (1970-06-01). "Theory of a Three-Level Gas Laser Amplifier". Zeitschrift für Physik. 236 (3): 213–244. doi:10.1007/BF01394503.
  8. ↑ W. Krieger; P. E. Toschek (1975-01-01). "Self-induced transparency on the 1.15-μm line of neon". Physical Review A. 11 (1): 276–279. doi:10.1103/PhysRevA.11.276.
  9. ↑ W. Neuhauser; M. Hohenstatt; H. Dehmelt; P. Toschek (1978-07-24). "Optical Sideband Cooling of Visible Atom Cloud Confined in Parabolic Well". Physical Review Letters. 41 (4): 233–236. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.41.233.
  10. ↑ H. Dehmelt; P. Toschek (1975-01-29). "Proposed visual detection laser spectroscopy on single Ba+ ion". Bulletin of the American Physical Society. 20: 61.
  11. ↑ W. Neuhauser; M. Hohenstatt; P. E. Toschek; H. Dehmelt (1980-09-01). "Localized visible Ba+ mono-ion oscillator". Physical Review A. 22 (3): 1137–1140. doi:10.1103/PhysRevA.22.1137.
  12. ↑ Deutsches Museum, Das sichtbare Ion
  13. ↑ Th. Sauter; W. Neuhauser; R. Blatt; P. E. Toschek (1986-10-06). "Observation of Quantum Jumps". Physical Review Letters. 57 (14): 1696–1698. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.57.1696.
  14. ↑ B. Nikolaus; D. Z. Zhang; P. E. Toschek (1981-07-20). "Two-Photon Laser". Physical Review Letters. 47 (3): 171–173. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.47.171.
  15. ↑ Michael P. Winters; John L. Hall; Peter E. Toschek (1990-12-17). "Correlated spontaneous emission in a Zeeman laser". Physical Review Letters. 65 (25): 3116–3119. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.65.3116.
  16. ↑ Ingo Steiner; Peter E. Toschek (1995-06-05). "Quenching Quantum Phase Noise: Correlated Spontaneous Emission versus Phase Locking". Physical Review Letters. 74 (23): 4639–4642. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.74.4639.
  17. ↑ J. Eschner; B. Appasamy; P. E. Toschek (1995-03-27). "Stochastic Cooling of a Trapped Ion by Null Detection of Its Fluorescence". Physical Review Letters. 74 (13): 2435–2438. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.74.2435.
  18. ↑ B. Appasamy; Y. Stalgies; P.E. Toschek (1998-03-30). "Measurement-Induced Vibrational Dynamics of a Trapped Ion". Physical Review Letters. 80 (13): 2805–2808. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.80.2805.
  19. ↑ R. Huesmann; Ch. Balzer; Ph. Courteille; W. Neuhauser; P. E. Toschek (1999-02-22). "Single-Atom Interferometry". Physical Review Letters. 82 (8): 1611–1615. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.82.1611.
  20. ↑ Chr. Balzer; R. Huesmann; W. Neuhauser; P. E. Toschek (2000-06-01). "The quantum Zeno effect – evolution of an atom impeded by measurement". Optics Communications. 180 (1–3): 115–120. doi:10.1016/S0030-4018(00)00716-1.
  21. ↑ Gerhard Mack; Sascha Wallentowitz; Peter E. Toschek (2014-07-01). "Decoherence in generalized measurement and the quantum Zeno paradox". Physics Reports. 540 (1): 1–23. doi:10.1016/j.physrep.2014.02.004.

Works

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