Pierre Nkurunziza

Pierre Nkurunziza
President of Burundi
Incumbent
Assumed office 26 August 2005
Vice President	Martin Nduwimana Yves Sahinguvu Terence Sinunguruza Gervais Rufyikiri Gaston Sindimwo
Preceded by	Domitien Ndayizeye
Personal details
Born	(1963-12-18) 18 December 1963 Bujumbura, Burundi
Political party	National Council for the Defense of Democracy
Spouse(s)	Denise Bucumi
Children	5
Alma mater	University of Burundi
Religion	Protestantism
Signature

Pierre Nkurunziza (French pronunciation: ​[pjɛʁ n̪kyʁɛ̃ziza]; born 18 December 1963) is a Burundian politician who has been President of Burundi since 2005. He was the Chairman of the National Council for the Defense of Democracy-Forces for the Defense of Democracy (CNDD-FDD), the ruling party, until he was elected as President of Burundi.

In 2015, Nkurunziza was controversially nominated by his party for a third term in office. Supporters and opponents of Nkurunziza disagreed as to whether it was legal for him to run again, and protests followed. More than two months of anti-Nkurunziza protests, which were often violently repressed, left at least 100 dead. On 13 May 2015, a coup attempt against Nkurunziza occurred while he was out of the country; the coup leader, Godefroid Niyombare, claimed to have ousted Nkurunziza, although Nkurunziza loyalists disputed the claim. Facing resistance from Nkurunziza loyalists, the coup collapsed and forces loyal to Nkurunziza appeared to be back in full control by 15 May. Independent media was shut down and many opponents fled, joining an exodus of more than 150,000 Burundians.

Amidst an opposition boycott, Nkurunziza was re-elected for a third term in the July 2015 presidential election.

Background and political career

Pierre Nkurunziza, President of Burundi, in Østfoldhallen, Fredrikstad, Norway, on 10 June 2006.
Photo: Marit Nygård

Nkurunziza was born in 1963 in Burundi's capital city of Bujumbura.^[1] Nkurunziza was raised in the province of Ngozi in northern Burundi, the son of a tutsi mother and a Hutu father.^[2] He attended primary school in Ngozi.. Before the civil war, Mr Nkurunziza, who had graduated in sports education, was a teacher and assistant lecturer at the University of Burundi.^[3]

His father, Eustache Ngabisha, was elected to the Parliament of Burundi in 1965 and later became governor of two provinces before being killed in 1972 during the Burundian Genocide of 1972 when ethnic violence claimed the lives of between 80,000 and 210,000 Burundians.^[4][5]

After rising through the ranks, Nkurunziza was appointed deputy secretary-general of the CNDD-FDD in 1998. In 2001, he was elected chairman.^[6] There was a split in the group in late 2001. He was re-elected to the post of chairman in August 2004.

During the war Nkurunziza is said to have survived a near death experience.^[7]

Beginning in late 2003 and after the ceasefire agreement, he was appointed Minister for Good Governance in the transitional government of President Domitien Ndayizeye.

Following a series of CNDD-FDD victories in elections held during June and July 2005, Nkurunziza was nominated as the party's presidential candidate. He was elected president unopposed by members of parliament (acting as an electoral college) on 19 August 2005 and took office on 26 August 2005.

He was re-elected in 2010 with more than 91% of the votes amidst an opposition boycott^[8] and sworn in for his second term on August 26, 2010.^[9]

In March 2014, Nkurunziza banned jogging, due to "fears it was being used as a cover for subversion."^[10] According to the BBC, "The tradition of Saturday morning runs started during Burundi's long years of ethnic conflict", as residents in the city of Bujumbura, where the surrounding hills were home to armed militants before 2005, "would try to vent their fear and frustration and claustrophobia, by running, often in a group."^[11] That same month, twenty-one supporters of the opposition Movement for Solidarity and Democracy (MSD) Party were sentenced to life in prison for using "jogging" as a way to organize "an illegal demonstration that turned violent."^[12]

2015 election controversy and coup attempt

In April 2015 Nkurunziza announced that he would seek a third term in office. The opposition said that Nkurunziza's bid to extend his term was in defiance of the constitution, as it bars the president from running for a third term. However, Nkurunziza's allies said his first term did not count as he was elected by parliament and not directly by the people. On April 26 police clashed with demonstrators protesting Nkurunziza’s announcement that he will seek a third term in office. At least six people were killed in the first two days of ongoing protests. The government shut down multiple radio stations and arrested a prominent civil society leader, Pierre-Claver Mbonimpa. UN General Secretary Ban Ki-moon said, in a statement, that he had despatched his special envoy for the region, Said Djinnit, to Burundi for talks with Nkurunziza. African Union commission head Nkosazana Dlamini-Zuma said she welcomed a decision by Burundi's Senate to ask the Constitutional Court to rule whether Nkurunziza could stand for re-election. More than 24,000 people fled Burundi in April, as tensions mount ahead of presidential elections in June, the UN refugee agency said.^[13][14]

On May 13, 2015, Burundi Army General Godefroid Niyombareh declared a coup via radio while Nkurunziza was abroad attending a summit in Tanzania with other African leaders. Niyombareh had been dismissed from his post as head of intelligence in February 2015. Despite reports that gunshots had been heard and people were celebrating in the streets of the capital, government officials dismissed the threat and claimed to remain in control.^[15] Nkurunziza tried to return to Burundi promptly, but he was unable to land at the airport in Bujumbura because it had been taken over by rebel soldiers. Nevertheless, loyalist forces managed to retain control of the state radio and television broadcaster, the key means of communicating with the broader population, fending off attacks by rebel soldiers on 14 May. Later on the same day, Nkurunziza announced that he had returned to Burundi, although his specific location was not given for security reasons. He congratulated "the army and the police for their patriotism" and "above all the Burundian people for their patience".^[16]

The controversial presidential elections were held on 21 July 2015. The electoral commission under pressure announced on 24 July 2015 that Nkurunziza had won the election with 69.41% of the vote with a low voter turnout, the participation rate was under 30%. Agathon Rwasa was placed second and credited with 18.99% despite calling for a boycott.^[17]

Nkurunziza was sworn in for his third term on 20 August 2015. Speaking on the occasion, he described his re-election as "a victory of all Burundians". He vowed that if his enemies continued to pursue violence, they would be beaten with the aid of God and "scattered like flour thrown into the air".^[18] By December 2015 over 300 people had been killed, about 215,000 others had fled the country.^[19]

Personal life

Nkurunziza was one of seven siblings. Two of his siblings were killed after civil war erupted in 1993, and three others died while fighting in the CNDD-FDD. Only one of his siblings, a sister, is alive today. He married his wife in 1994 and is the father of five children.^[20]

Nkurunziza describes himself as a born again Christian, though his rule has involved severely restricting religious freedoms for evangelical Christians and other groups.^[21]

Nkurunziza enjoys playing football and cycling. He began playing football at the age of five, and played in a team at secondary school and his university. As a University Physical Education teacher, Nkurunziza used his football talents as a coach of “Union Sporting”, a first division club side. As President, he has re-called some of his former players to form a new team of veterans, “Helleluia FC”. In 2004, when he was a State Minister, Nkurunziza created a “Soccer Academy” which is home to nearly 300 kids learning skills in various training centres across the country.

In May 2015, Africa Confidential reported that Nkurunziza was said to be preoccupied by his football club, had difficulty concentrating for long periods, and believed that he was chosen by God to rule Burundi.^[22] In the national press, his mental health is publicly questioned.^[23]

Awards and prizes

President Nkurunzia has been awarded several Prizes and other honorific Distinctions to recognize his endeavour. The awards include Prix pour la Paix awarded to him by Accord in Durban in June 2006; Oscar de Paix awarded by Assis Pax International, Honoris Causa Ph.D awarded to him by Latin University of Theology in California.

In September 2007, the Interfaith Peace Building recognized his efforts. The Greenbelt Burundi also recognized his efforts in the protection of the environment. The award was dedicated to Mwezi Gisabo, a King of Burundi who refused to scorch the Kibira forest in order to track down his opponents. The United Nations Commission on Peace Consolidation in Burundi also decorated him with a peace award.

In August 2009 in Nairobi he was awarded the Model Leader for a New Africa Award by AFREG (African Forum on Religion and Government), a Florida-based religious organisation with a sub-office in Accra, Ghana. Pierre Nkurunziza is the first African President to be awarded with such a distinction on the continent.

In September 2010, the India–based Unity International Foundation honoured Pierre Nkurunziza with the Rising Star of Africa Award after Indian authorities found HE Pierre Nkurunziza as a role model in peace consolidation and development for the whole of Africa.

In October 2011 in Monaco, the Peace and Sports International organization granted to Pierre Nkurunziza an award for having made sports a tool for reconciliation in his country.

References

Further reading

• "Burundi: Inside the Horror World of Nkurunziza's Burundi" (Archive). Rwanda Focus. 9 November 2015.

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Pierre Nkurunziza.

• Video and Summary of Nkurunziza Speech on First Visit to Washington at the Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars
• IRIN interview with Pierre Nkurunziza, leader of CNDD-FDD
• Burundi's born-again ex-rebel leader (BBC)
• Burundi MPs appoint new president (BBC)

Presidents of Burundi
Micombero Bagaza Buyoya† Ndadaye Ngeze† Kinigi* Ntaryamira Ntiybantunganya Buyoya Ndayizeye Nkurunziza *interim †military