Rashtriya Madhyamik Shiksha Abhiyan

Rashtriya Madhyamik Shiksha Abhiyan
राष्ट्रीय माध्यमिक शिक्षा अभियान
Country India
Prime Minister Manmohan Singh
Ministry Ministry of Human Resource Development
Launched March 2009

Rashtriya Madhyamik Shiksha Abhiyan (RMSA) (English: "National Mission for Secondary Education") is a centrally sponsored scheme of the Ministry of Human Resource Development, Government of India, for the development of secondary education in public schools throughout India. It was launched in March 2009. The implementation of the scheme has started from 2009-2010 to provide conditions for an efficient growth, development and equity for all. The scheme includes a multidimensional research, technical consulting, various implementations and funding support.[1] The principal objectives are to enhance quality of secondary education and increase the total enrollment rate from 52% (as of 2005–2006) to 75% in five years, i.e. from 2009–2014.[2] It aims to provide universal education for all children between 15–16 years of age.[3] The funding from the central ministry is provided through state governments, which establish separate implementing agencies.[4] The total budget allocated during the XI Five Year Plan (2002-2007) was 2,012 billion (US$30 billion).[5]

Objectives

The objectives of Rashtriya Madhyamik Shiksha Abhiyan can be summarised as follows:[3]

  1. To improve quality of education imparted at secondary level through making all secondary schools conform to prescribed norms.
  2. To remove gender, socio-economic and disability barriers.
  3. Universal access to secondary level education by 2017, i.e., by the end of the XII Five Year Plan.
  4. Universal retention by 2020.

Action plans

RMSA is planned to promote secondary education by establishing in every target school the following infrastructure:[2]

  1. Additional class rooms
  2. Laboratories
  3. Libraries
  4. Art and crafts room
  5. Toilet blocks
  6. Drinking water provisions
  7. Residential hostels for teachers in remote areas

In addition it aims to provide additional teachers to reduce student-teacher to 30:1, focus on science, mathematics and English education, in-service training of teachers, science laboratories, ICT-enabled education, curriculum reforms, and teaching-learning reforms.[6]

Planning for secondary education

Background

Participation of private sector

Planning for children with special needs (CWSN)

Four major heads

In school, there was promotion of the science laboratories, environmental education, promotion of yoga, as well as centrally sponsored schemes of population education project, international mathematics and science olympiads. The state governments provide in-service training for the teachers and provide infrastructure and research inputs.

ICT comprises the centrally sponsored schemes like computer education and literacy in schools (CLASS) and educational technology (ET) which familiarizes the student with Information technology (IT). Due to the rise in IT demand in today's world, a major importance is given on it. Components of a merged scheme ICT in school include a) funding support towards computer education plans; b) strengthening and reorientation of the staffs of SIETS - state institutes of education and training; c) there is digitalisation of SIETs audio and video cassettes with the partnership of NGOs; and d) management of internet-based education by SIETs.[7]

RMSA not only emphasizes on providing secondary education for the special focus groups that include scheduled tribe and scheduled caste groups, minority girls and CWSN children, but it also give importance on removing the existing disparities in socio-economic and gender background in the secondary level of education. They are termed as the vulnerable/ disadvantaged group. Certain strategies were implemented to provide free access towards secondary education and they are given as following steps:

  1. Identification of the disadvantaged groups: For this purpose, educational indicators like gross enrollment ratio (GER), net enrollment ratio (NER), drop-out rate, retention rate, gender parity index (GPI), gender gap, etc. were analysed.
  2. Need assessment: This is the critical step to prepare for the equity plan where the factors affecting the education of this group of children were evaluated with the involvement of the community members, teachers, civil society, etc.
  3. Strategising for the addressing gaps: Since there are multiple interwoven factors that cause the un-equitable condition in this scenario, the strategy was called to have a set of multi-dimensional activities.
  4. Project-based proposal: Development of a project-based strategy enables the RMSA to call for an evidence-based and outcome-oriented strategy.[8]

Inclusive education have been highlighted to bring about expansion in terms of meeting/catering to the needs of the mentally and physically disadvantaged children. This schemes continues to be a separate centrally sponsored scheme. It includes several components for convergence with integrated child development services for early interventions, Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan (SSA) for the particular group at the elementary level, and special schools.

Funding method

The Ministry of Human Resource Development directly provides funds to the state governments. Each state government then release the funds to the approved implementing agencies or institutions. During the XI Five Year Plan the central government provided 75% of the total fund for each state, while 25% was borne by the state as matching share. However, in the remote northeastern states and Sikkim the matching share was waived to 10%.[6][9]

Achievements

Achievements of RMSA listed in its 2015-2016 report[10] include:

Progress

There is a rise in demand for secondary education, but, despite an increase in the number of schools, their geographic distribution is uneven. The gender gap has narrowed. In the Tenth Plan the focus is on quality education at all levels.[7]

References

  1. rmsaindia.org
  2. 1 2 Ministry of Human Resource Development. "Rashtriya Madhyamik Shiksha Abhiyan". National Informatics Centre. Retrieved 2 February 2014.
  3. 1 2 "Rashtriya Madhyamik Shiksha Abhiyan". EdCIL (India) Limited. Retrieved 2 February 2014.
  4. "Rashtriya Madhyamik Shiksha Abhiyan". Indian Yojana. Retrieved 2 February 2014.
  5. "Rashtriya Madhyamik Shiksha Abhiyan (RSMA)". Bihar Madyamik Siksha Parishad. Retrieved 2 February 2014.
  6. 1 2 Parveen Kaswan (4 May 2013). "Rashtriya Madhyamik Siksha Abhiyan (RMSA)". Simply Decoded. Retrieved 2 February 2014.
  7. 1 2 3 http://rmsaindia.org/administrator/components/com_pdf/pdf/Planning%20for%20Secondary%20Education.pdf
  8. http://rmsaindia.org/administrator/components/com_pdf/pdf/Equity_Action_Plan_2014.pdf
  9. "Union cabinet approves Rashtriya Madhyamik Shiksha Abhiyan proposal". Indian Education Review. 3 May 2013. Retrieved 2 February 2014.
  10. rmsaindia.org

See also

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