SQL/PSM

SQL/PSM
Paradigm Multi-paradigm
First appeared 1996
Stable release
OS Cross-platform (multi-platform)
Major implementations
MySQL
IBM's SQL PL
Influenced by
Ada[1]

SQL/PSM (SQL/Persistent Stored Modules) is an ISO standard mainly defining an extension of SQL with a procedural language for use in stored procedures. Initially published in 1996 as an extension of SQL-92 (ISO/IEC 9075-4:1996, a version sometimes called PSM-96 or even SQL-92/PSM[2]), SQL/PSM was later incorporated into the multi-part SQL:1999 standard, and has been part 4 of that standard since then, most recently in SQL:2011. The SQL:1999 part 4 covered less than the original PSM-96 because the SQL statements for defining, managing, and invoking routines were actually incorporated into part 2 SQL/Foundation, leaving only the procedural language itself as SQL/PSM.[3] The SQL/PSM facilities are still optional as far as the SQL standard is concerned; most of them are grouped in Features P001-P008.

SQL/PSM standardizes syntax and semantics for control flow, exception handling (called "condition handling" in SQL/PSM), local variables, assignment of expressions to variables and parameters, and (procedural) use of cursors. It also defines an information schema (metadata) for stored procedures. SQL/PSM is one language in which methods for the SQL:1999 structured types can be defined. The other is Java, via SQL/JRT.

In practice MySQL's procedural language and IBM's SQL PL (used in DB2) are closest to the SQL/PSM standard.[4]

SQL/PSM resembles and inspired by PL/SQL, as well as PL/pgSQL, so they are similar languages. With PostgreSQL v9 some SQL/PSM features, like overloading of SQL-invoked functions and procedures[5] are now supported. A PostgreSQL addon implements SQL/PSM[6][7][8][9] (alongside its own procedural language), although it is not part of the core product.[10]

See also

The following implementations adopt the standard, but they are not 100% compatible to SQL/PSM:

Open source:

Proprietary:

References

  1. ↑ Gulutzan, Peter (2015), Stored Procedures: critiques and defences
  2. ↑ Eisenberg, A. (1996). "New standard for stored procedures in SQL". ACM SIGMOD Record. 25 (4): 81–88. doi:10.1145/245882.245907.
  3. ↑ Melton, Jim; Simon, Alan R (2002). SQL: 1999. Morgan Kaufmann. pp. 541–42. ISBN 978-1-55860-456-8.
  4. 1 2 Harrison, Guy; Feuerstein, Steven (2008). MySQL Stored Procedure Programming. O'Reilly. p. 49. ISBN 978-0-596-10089-6.
  5. ↑ "feature T322", SQL standard features (9 ed.), PostgreSQL.
  6. ↑ plpsm0 (git) (repository).
  7. ↑ Announce, PostgreSQL, May 2011.
  8. ↑ 2012-2's Proposal PL/pgPSM announce
  9. ↑ SQL/PSM (wiki) (manual), PostgreSQL, 2008.
  10. ↑ "SQL Conformance", Documentation (9.2 ed.), PostgreSQL.
  11. ↑ http://hsqldb.org/doc/2.0/guide/sqlroutines-chapt.html#src_psm_routines

Further reading


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