Samvatsara

Samvatsara (संवत्सर) is a Sanskrit term for "year". In the Hindu calendar, there are 60 Samvatsaras, each of which has a name. Once all 60 samvatsaras are over, the cycle starts over again. On occasion, one will be skipped, as the count is based on the zodiac position of Jupiter, whose period around the Sun is slightly less than 12 years (the full cycle of 60 covers five Jovian years).

The sixty Samvatsaras are divided into 3 groups of 20 Samvatsaras each. The first 20 from Prabhava to Vyaya are assigned to Brahma. The next 20 from Sarvajit to Parabhava to Vishnu and the last 20 to Shiva.

Samvatsaras
Number	Name (IAST)	नाम	ಸಂವತ್ಸರಗಳು	Current cycle	Prior cycle 1	Prior cycle 2
1.	Prabhava	प्रभव	ಪ್ರಭವ	1987-1988 AD	1927-1928 AD	1867-1868 AD
2.	Vibhava	विभव	ವಿಭವ	1988-1989 AD	1928-1929 AD	1868-1869 AD
3.	Śukla	शुक्ल	ಶುಕ್ಲ	1989-1990 AD	1929-1930 AD	1869-1870 AD
4.	Pramodadūta	प्रमोद	ಪ್ರಮೋದೂತ	1990-1991 AD	1930-1931 AD	1870-1871 AD
5.	Prajāpati	प्रजापति	ಪ್ರಜೋತ್ತತ್ತಿ	1991-1992 AD	1931-1932 AD	1871-1872 AD
6.	Āṅgīrasa	अंगिरा	ಅಂಗಿರಸ	1992-1993 AD	1932-1933 AD	1872-1873 AD
7.	Śrīmukha	श्रीमुख	ಶ್ರೀಮುಖ	1993-1994 AD	1933-1934 AD	1873-1874 AD
8.	Bhāva	भाव	ಭವ	1994-1995 AD	1934-1935 AD	1874-1875 AD
9.	Yuva	युवा	ಯುವ	1995-1996 AD	1935-1936 AD	1875-1876 AD
10.	Dhātṛu	धाता	ಧಾತೃ	1996-1997 AD	1936-1937 AD	1876-1877 AD
11.	Īśvara	ईश्वर	ಈಶ್ವರ	1997-1998 AD	1937-1938 AD	1877-1878 AD
12.	Bahudhānya	बहुधान्य	ಬಹುಧಾನ್ಯ	1998-1999 AD	1938-1939 AD	1878-1879 AD
13.	Pramāthi	प्रमाथी	ಪ್ರಮಾಥಿ	1999-2000 AD	1939-1940 AD	1879-1880 AD
14.	Vikrama	विक्रम	ವಿಕ್ರಮ	2000-2001 AD	1940-1941 AD	1880-1881 AD
15.	Vṛushaprajā	वृषप्रजा	ವೃಷ	2001-2002 AD	1941-1942 AD	1881-1882 AD
16.	Chitrabhānu	चित्रभानु	ಚಿತ್ರಭಾನು	2002-2003 AD	1942-1943 AD	1882-1883 AD
17.	Subhānu	सुभानु	ಸ್ವಭಾನು	2003-2004 AD	1943-1944 AD	1883-1884 AD
18.	Tāraṇa	तारण	ತಾರಣ	2004-2005 AD	1944-1945 AD	1884-1885 AD
19.	Pārthiva	पार्थिव	ಪಾರ್ಥಿವ	2005-2006 AD	1945-1946 AD	1885-1886 AD
20.	Vyaya	अव्यय	ವ್ಯಯ	2006-2007 AD	1946-1947 AD	1886-1887 AD
21.	Sarvajit	सर्वजीत	ಸರ್ವಜಿತ್	2007-2008 AD	1947-1948 AD	1887-1888 AD
22.	Sarvadhārin	सर्वधारी	ಸರ್ವಧಾರಿ	2008-2009 AD	1948-1949 AD	1888-1889 AD
23.	Virodhin	विरोधी	ವಿರೋಧಿ	2009-2010 AD	1949-1950 AD	1889-1890 AD
24.	Vikṛti	विकृति	ವಿಕೃತಿ	2010-2011 AD	1950-1951 AD	1890-1891 AD
25.	Khara	खर	ಖರ	2011-2012 AD	1951-1952 AD	1891-1892 AD
26.	Nandana	नंदन	ನಂದನ	2012-2013 AD	1952-1953 AD	1892-1893 AD
27.	Vijaya	विजय	ವಿಜಯ	2013-2014 AD	1953-1954 AD	1893-1894 AD
28.	Jaya	जय	ಜಯ	2014-2015 AD	1954-1955 AD	1894-1895 AD
29.	Manmatha	मन्मथ	ಮನ್ಮಥ	2015-2016 AD	1955-1956 AD	1895-1896 AD
30.	Durmukha	दुर्मुख	ದುರ್ಮುಖ	2016-2017 AD	1956-1957 AD	1896-1897 AD
31.	Hemalambin	हेमलंबी	ಹೇವಿಳಂಬಿ	2017-2018 AD	1957-1958 AD	1897-1898 AD
32.	Vilambin	विलंबी	ವಿಳಂಬಿ	2018-2019 AD	1958-1959 AD	1898-1899 AD
33.	Vikāri	विकारी	ವಿಕಾರಿ	2019-2020 AD	1959-1960 AD	1899-1900 AD
34.	Śārvarin	शार्वरी	ಶಾರ್ವರೀ	2020-2021 AD	1960-1961 AD	1900-1901 AD
35.	Plava	प्लव	ಪ್ಲವ	2021-2022 AD	1961-1962 AD	1901-1902 AD
36.	Śubhakṛta	शुभकृत	ಶುಭಕೃತು	2022-2023 AD	1962-1963 AD	1902-1903 AD
37.	Śobhana	शोभकृत	ಶೋಭನ	2023-2024 AD	1963-1964 AD	1903-1904 AD
38.	Krodhin	क्रोधी	ಕ್ರೋಧಿನ್	2024-2025 AD	1964-1965 AD	1904-1905 AD
39.	Viśvāvasu	विश्वावसु	ವಿಶ್ವಾವಸು	2025-2026 AD	1965-1966 AD	1905-1906 AD
40.	Parābhava	पराभव	ಪರಾಭವ	2026-2027 AD	1966-1967 AD	1906-1907 AD
41.	Plavaṅga	प्ल्वंग	ಪ್ಲವಂಗ	2027-2028 AD	1967-1968 AD	1907-1908 AD
42.	Kīlaka	कीलक	ಕೀಲಕ	2028-2029 AD	1968-1969 AD	1908-1909 AD
43.	Saumya	सौम्य	ಸೌಮ್ಯ	2029-2030 AD	1969-1970 AD	1909-1910 AD
44.	Sādhāraṇa	साधारण	ಸಾಧಾರಣ	2030-2031 AD	1970-1971 AD	1910-1911 AD
45.	Virodhakṛta	विरोधकृत	ವಿರೋಧಿಕೃತ್	2031-2032 AD	1971-1972 AD	1911-1912 AD
46.	Paridhāvin	परिधावी	ಪರಿಧಾವಿ	2032-2033 AD	1972-1973 AD	1912-1913 AD
47.	Pramādin	प्रमादी	ಪ್ರಮಾದಿ	2033-2034 AD	1973-1974 AD	1913-1914 AD
48.	Ānanda	आनंद	ಆನಂದ	2034-2035 AD	1974-1975 AD	1914-1915 AD
49.	Rākṣasa	राक्षस	ರಾಕ್ಷಸ	2035-2036 AD	1975-1976 AD	1915-1916 AD
50.	Nala/Anala	आनल	ನಲ (ಅನಲ)	2036-2037 AD	1976-1977 AD	1916-1917 AD
51.	Piṅgala	पिंगल	ಪಿಂಗಲ	2037-2038 AD	1977-1978 AD	1917-1918 AD
52.	Kālayukta	कालयुक्त	ಕಾಲಯುಕ್ತ	2038-2039 AD	1978-1979 AD	1918-1919 AD
53.	Siddhārthin	सिद्धार्थी	ಸಿದ್ಧಾರ್ಥೀ	2039-2040 AD	1979-1980 AD	1919-1920 AD
54.	Raudra	रौद्र	ರೌದ್ರ	2040-2041 AD	1980-1981 AD	1920-1921 AD
55.	Durmati	दुर्मति	ದುರ್ಮತೀ	2041-2042 AD	1981-1982 AD	1921-1922 AD
56.	Dundubhi	दुन्दुभी	ದುಂದುಭೀ	2042-2043 AD	1982-1983 AD	1922-1923 AD
57.	Rudhirodgārin	रूधिरोद्गारी	ರುಧಿರೋದ್ಗಾರೀ	2043-2044 AD	1983-1984 AD	1923-1924 AD
58.	Raktākṣin	रक्ताक्षी	ರಕ್ತಾಕ್ಷೀ	2044-2045 AD	1984-1985 AD	1924-1925 AD
59.	Krodhana/Manyu	क्रोधन	ಕ್ರೋಧನ	2045-2046 AD	1985-1986 AD	1925-1926 AD
60.	Kṣaya	क्षय	ಕ್ಷಯ	2046-2047 AD	1986-1987 AD	1926-1927 AD

Time measurement and standards

Chronometry Orders of magnitude Metrology

International standards	UTC UTC offset UT ΔT DUT1 IERS ISO 31-1 ISO 8601 TAI 12-hour clock 24-hour clock Barycentric Coordinate Time Barycentric Dynamical Time Civil time Daylight saving time Geocentric Coordinate Time International Date Line Leap second Solar time Terrestrial Time Time zone

Obsolete standards	Ephemeris time Greenwich Mean Time Prime meridian

Time in physics	Absolute time and space Spacetime Chronon Continuous time Coordinate time Cosmological decade Discrete time Planck epoch Planck time Proper time Theory of relativity Time dilation Gravitational time dilation Time domain T-symmetry

Horology	Clock Astrarium Atomic clock Complication History of timekeeping devices Hourglass Marine chronometer Marine sandglass Radio clock Watch Water clock Sundial Dialing scales Equation of time History of sundials Sundial markup schema

Calendar	Astronomical Dominical letter Epact Equinox Gregorian Hebrew Hindu Intercalation Islamic Julian Leap year Lunar Lunisolar Solar Solstice Tropical year Weekday determination Weekday names

Archaeology and geology	Chronological dating Dating methodologies in archaeology Geologic time scale International Commission on Stratigraphy

Astronomical chronology	Galactic year Nuclear timescale Precession Sidereal time

Units of time	Century Day Decade Fortnight Hour Jiffy Lustrum Millennium Minute Moment Month Paksha Saeculum Second Shake Tide Week Year

Related topics	Chronology Duration music Mental chronometry Metric time System time Time value of money Timekeeper

References

Robert Sewell; Śaṅkara Bālakr̥shṇa Dīkshita; Robert Schram (1995). The Indian Calendar, with Tables for the Conversion of Hindu and Muhammadan Into A.D. Dates, and Vice Versa. Motilal Banarsidass. pp. 34–. ISBN 978-81-208-1207-9.

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Samvatsara

See also

References