September 1922

The following events occurred in September 1922:

September 1, 1922 (Friday)

• The Reichsbank in Germany was closed by police following a bank run by employers looking to meet overdue payrolls.^[1]
• Born: Yvonne De Carlo, actress, in West Point Grey, Vancouver, Canada (d. 2007); Vittorio Gassman, actor and director, in Genoa, Italy (d. 2000)
• Died: Princess Helena of Waldeck and Pyrmont, 61

September 2, 1922 (Saturday)

• German President Friedrich Ebert declared the "Deutschlandlied" to be the national anthem of Germany.^[2]

September 3, 1922 (Sunday)

• The Austrian government issued a decree forbidding, except in the city of Vienna, the sale of alcohol in restaurants after 10 p.m., and in bars after midnight. Newspapers called it a first step towards prohibition.^[3]
• Born: Steffan Danielsen, painter, in Nólsoy, Faroe Islands (d. 1976); Salli Terri, singer, in London, Ontario, Canada (d. 1996)

September 4, 1922 (Monday)

• Jimmy Doolittle made the first single-day crossing of the United States, in a modified DH-4B from Pablo Beach, Florida to Rockwell Field in San Diego, California.^[4]
• The resignation of John Hessin Clarke from the United States Supreme Court was announced.^[5]
• Died: James Young, 40, Scottish footballer (motorcycle accident)

September 5, 1922 (Tuesday)

• A mine explosion at Haig Colliery in Whitehaven, England killed 39.^[6]
• Died: Sarah Winchester, 82 or 83, American heiress and builder of the Winchester Mystery House

September 6, 1922 (Wednesday)

• The Hawaii Theatre opened in downtown Honolulu.^[7]

September 7, 1922 (Thursday)

• Brazil celebrated its 100th birthday with a twenty-one gun salute at midnight and parading in the streets of Rio de Janeiro throughout the day.^[8]
• Mary Katherine Campbell of Columbus, Ohio won the 2nd Miss America pageant.
• Born: David Croft, writer, producer and director, in Sandbanks, England (d. 2011)

September 8, 1922 (Friday)

• The Greeks began to evacuate Smyrna and asked Turkey for an armistice in the Greco-Turkish War.^[9]
• Born: Sid Caesar, comic actor and writer, in Yonkers, New York (d. 2014); Lyndon LaRouche, political activist, in Rochester, New Hampshire

September 9, 1922 (Saturday)

• Liberation of İzmir: Turkish forces entered Smyrna, effectively ending the Greco-Turkish War in the field.^[10]
• The Dáil Éireann elected in June met for the first time after a number of delays. Anti-Treaty deputies did not attend with the exception of Laurence Ginnell who was soon ejected.^[11]
• W. T. Cosgrave was elected President of Dáil Éireann.^[12]
• IRA forces carried out a successful raid on Kenmare.^[11]
• Born: Hans Georg Dehmelt, physicist and Nobel laureate, in Görlitz, Germany; Manolis Glezos, politician and writer, in Apeiranthos, Naxos, Greece; Warwick Estevam Kerr, geneticist, in Santana de Parnaíba, Brazil

September 10, 1922 (Sunday)

• The New York World published an interview by Clare Sheridan with English writer Rudyard Kipling in which he was quoted as saying that America had come into the war "two years, seven months and four days too late" and had "quit the day of the Armistice, without waiting to see the thing through." Kipling believed he had made the remarks in the context of a private conversation and so in the media uproar that ensued he publicly denied ever giving Sheridan an interview at all.^[13][14]
• The New York Yankees played their last regular season games in the Polo Grounds before moving to Yankee Stadium for 1923. The Yanks swept a doubleheader against the Philadelphia Athletics in front of a capacity crowd, as an estimated 25,000 fans had to be turned away at the gate.^[15]
• Born: Yma Sumac, soprano, in Callao, Peru (d. 2008)
• Died: Wilfrid Scawen Blunt, 82, English poet and critic

September 11, 1922 (Monday)

• Allied troops landed at Çanakkale and set up a neutral zone between Greece and Turkey.^[16]
• The Treaty of Kars was ratified in Yerevan.

September 12, 1922 (Tuesday)

• Paavo Nurmi of Finland broke his own world record in the men's 5000 metres running event with a time of 14 minuted 35.4 seconds.^[17]
• IRA forces took Ballina, County Mayo.^[11]
• Born: Jackson Mac Low, poet, in Chicago, Illinois (d. 2004)

September 13, 1922 (Wednesday)

• The Great Fire of Smyrna broke out.
• The Great Railroad Strike began to wind down as about one-third of the country's railways reached an agreement with the shopmen.^[18]
• France and Poland signed a ten-year military convention.^[19]

September 14, 1922 (Thursday)

• IRA forces overran the National Army garrison at Drumshanbo.^[11]
• The historical film When Knighthood Was in Flower premiered at the Criterion Theatre in New York City.^[20]

September 15, 1922 (Friday)

• Chanak Crisis: The British government threatened Turkey with war as Turkish forces approached the neutral zone at Çanakkale.^[12] Britain also appealed to the British Dominions to lend their assistance.^[19]
• The Lord Chief Justice of Ireland and two associates upheld the suspension of habeas corpus in the country due to the state of war and denied an application to free 5,000 prisoners held by the military.^[21]
• German Chancellor Joseph Wirth declared "Bread first, reparations second."^[22]
• Born: Jackie Cooper, actor and director, in Los Angeles (d. 2011); Gaetano Cozzi, historian, in Zero Branco, Italy (d. 2001); Phyllis Koehn, baseball player, in Madison, Wisconsin (d. 2007)

September 16, 1922 (Saturday)

• Great Britain landed more troops in the Dardanelles.^[23]
• Henry Ford shut down his production plants indefinitely, leaving 100,000 workers idle, because he did not want to pay profiteers in the coal and steel industry.^[24]
• Hall–Mills murder case: Episcopal priest Edward Hall and Eleanor Mills, a member of choir with whom he was having an affair, were found murdered outside of Brunswick, New Jersey, two days after they went missing. The case led to one of the most sensational trials of its time.^[25]

September 17, 1922 (Sunday)

• The Kansas City Speedway held its inaugural race, won by Tommy Milton. It was marred by tragedy when driver Roscoe Sarles was killed in an accident.^[26]
• Born: Vance Bourjaily, writer, in Cleveland, Ohio (d. 2010)
• Died: Roscoe Sarles, 30, American racecar driver (car crash)

September 18, 1922 (Monday)

• Hungary was admitted to the League of Nations.^[19]
• The Canadian government led by William Lyon Mackenzie King informed Britain that authority from Parliament would be required before a Canadian force would be sent to defend the Dardanelles.^[27]
• The 47 miners trapped in the Argonaut Mine in Jackson, California on August 27 were found dead, dashing faint hope that there may have been survivors.^[28]
• The engagement of the German ex-kaiser Wilhelm II to Hermine Reuss of Greiz was announced. The news was neither popular among his sons nor within monarchist circles, who found it distasteful that he remarry only a year after the death of his first wife.^[29][30]

September 19, 1922 (Tuesday)

• U.S. President Warren G. Harding vetoed a version of the World War Adjusted Compensation Act and sent it back to Congress, with an explanation that "it establishes the very dangerous precedent of creating a treasury covenant to pay which puts a burden ... upon the American people, not to discharge an obligation, which the government always must pay, but to bestow a bonus which the soldiers themselves, while serving in the World War, did not expect."^[31]
• The Fordney–McCumber Tariff Act was passed in the United States, creating the highest tariff rates in American history.^[19]

September 20, 1922 (Wednesday)

• In Paris, French Prime Minister Raymond Poincaré, British Foreign Secretary Lord Curzon and Italian diplomat Carlo Sforza met to discuss the Chanak Crisis.^[32]
• The Soldier's Bonus Bill was killed in the United States Senate when it fell 4 votes shy of the two-thirds majority required to override President Harding's veto.^[33]

September 21, 1922 (Thursday)

• U.S. President Warren G. Harding signed the Grain Futures Act into law.
• Fifteen British destroyers left Gibraltar for the Dardanelles.^[34]
• The Ford plants re-opened after five days of idleness.^[35]

September 22, 1922 (Friday)

• Turkish nationalists seized Ezine, Çanakkale in the Allied neutral zone of Turkey.^[36]
• The Cable Act was passed in the United States. From this day forward an American woman who married a non-U.S. citizen would be allowed to keep her citizenship if her husband was eligible to become a citizen.^[37]
• The existence of Dorothy Ruth, one-year-old daughter of Babe Ruth, became public knowledge for the first time following weeks of sightings of Babe and wife Helen with the child around the New York hotel where they lived. Helen claimed that it had been kept a secret from the public because the baby had been ill since birth, but the truth was that the child was the product of one of Babe's extramarital affairs.^[38][39]

September 23, 1922 (Saturday)

• After three days of discussion in Paris the representatives of France, Great Britain and Italy sent Turkey a proposal to hold a conference for a peaceful settlement of the Chanak Crisis.^[40]

September 24, 1922 (Sunday)

• 11 September 1922 Revolution: the Greek military rebelled against the government.
• Turkey set conditions to the Allied conference offer, saying it would not consent to the demilitarization of the Sea of Marmara and Thrace.^[41]
• The little-known Senegalese fighter Battling Siki stunned the boxing world and won the Light Heavyweight Title by knocking out Georges Carpentier in the 6th round before almost 60,000 people in Paris.^[42]
• The Cecil B. DeMille-directed drama film Manslaughter was released.
• Born: Floyd Levin, jazz historian and writer, in Minneapolis, Minnesota (d. 2007)

September 25, 1922 (Monday)

• British general Sir Charles Harington Harington gave Turkish forces in the neutral zone of the Dardanelles 48 hours to withdraw.^[43]
• The New York Giants clinched their second straight National League pennant with a 5–4 victory over the St. Louis Cardinals in 10 innings.^[44]
• Born:' Hammer DeRoburt, 1st President of Nauru (d. 1992)
• Died: Carlo Caneva, 77, Italian general

September 26, 1922 (Tuesday)

• The U.S. government decided to restrict Prohibition enforcement operations to within three miles of shore except in cases where vessels outside the limit were in communication with shore.^[45]
• Died: Thomas E. Watson, 66, American politician and writer

September 27, 1922 (Wednesday)

• King Constantine of Greece abdicated the throne in favour of his son George II and the Greek cabinet resigned.^[46]
• The Dáil passed a Public Safety Bill establishing military courts with the authority to sentence prisoners to death for offenses such as the possession of arms and the aiding and abetting of attacks on government forces.^[11]
• IRA forces launched a failed attack on Killorglin.^[11]
• Travis Jackson made his major league debut for the New York Giants, going 0-for-2 against the Philadelphia Phillies.^[47]
• The first 3D film, The Power of Love, premiered in Los Angeles.

September 28, 1922 (Thursday)

• Raisuli, leader of Moroccan rebels, surrendered to Spanish authorities after decades of living outside their reach.^[19][48]

September 29, 1922 (Friday)

• Turkish nationalist leader Mustafa Kemal agreed to meet the Allies for a conference.^[49]
• A powder magazine near La Spezia, Italy was struck by lightning and exploded, killing 138.^[50]
• The Bertolt Brecht play Drums in the Night was first performed at the Munich Kammerspiele.^[51]
• Died: Robert Pearce, 82, British politician

September 30, 1922 (Saturday)

• Sotirios Krokidas became interim Prime Minister of Greece.
• The New York Yankees clinched the American League pennant with a 3–1 win over the Boston Red Sox.^[52]

References