Shenyang J-15

J-15
A J-15 taking off from Chinese aircraft carrier Liaoning
Role	Carrier-based Multirole fighter
National origin	China
Manufacturer	Shenyang Aircraft Corporation
Designer	Sun Cong
First flight	August 31, 2009[1]
Introduction	2013
Status	In production, in active service
Primary user	People's Liberation Army Naval Air Force
Number built	~20[2]
Developed from	Sukhoi Su-33 Shenyang J-11B

The Shenyang J-15 (Chinese: 歼-15), also known as Flying Shark (Chinese: 飞鲨, Fēishā), is a carrier-based fighter aircraft in development by the Shenyang Aircraft Corporation and the 601 Institute for the Chinese People's Liberation Army Navy's aircraft carriers. Rumors initially claimed the aircraft was to be a semi-stealth variant, yet later reports indicate the aircraft is based on the Soviet-designed Sukhoi Su-33 and is fitted with domestically produced radars, engines, and weapons. An unfinished Su-33 prototype, the T-10K-3,^[3] was acquired from Ukraine in 2001 and is said to have been studied extensively, with development on the J-15 beginning immediately afterward.^[1][3][4][5] While the J-15 appears to be structurally based on the Su-33, the indigenous fighter features Chinese technologies as well as avionics from the J-11B program.^[6]

Development

China has actively sought to purchase Su-33s from Russia on numerous occasions—an unsuccessful offer was made as late as March 2009^[7]—but negotiations collapsed in 2006 after it was discovered that China had developed a modified version^[8][9][10] of the Sukhoi Su-27SK designated the Shenyang J-11B,^[11][12][13] in violation of intellectual property agreements.^[1]

J-15 program was officially started in 2006.^[14] The general designer of J-15 is Mr. Sun Cong (孙聪).^[15] The deputy general designer of J-15 is Mr. Wang Yongqing (王永庆).^[14]

The first J-15 prototype made its maiden flight on August 31, 2009, believed to be powered by Russian-supplied AL-31 turbofan engines.^[6] Video and still images of the flight were released in July 2010, showing the same basic airframe design as the Su-33.^[16] In July 2011, it was reported FWS-10H turbofan engine was chosen for J-15 fighter, which has takeoff thrust increased to 12,800 kg, compared to the FWS-10 turbofan's 12,500 kg. Other improvements were also made to make it better suited to carrier-based fighter's requirement.^[17] On May 6, 2010, the aircraft conducted its first takeoff from a simulated ski-jump.^[6]

A twin-seat variant made its maiden flight on November 4, 2012.

Design

An article in the China Signpost believes the J-15 "likely exceeds or matches the aerodynamic capabilities of virtually all fighter aircraft currently operated by regional militaries, with the exception of the U.S. F-22 Raptor", alleging that the J-15 likely possesses a 10% superior thrust-to-weight ratio and a 25% lower wing loading than the F/A-18E/F Super Hornet.^[18][19] However, one of the authors of that same article described the J-15 in another as no game changer; the reliance on ski-jump launches and lack of Chinese carrier based refueling capabilities are believed to greatly reduce its effective range.^[20] Hu Siyuan of the National Defense University PLA China has said that "the current weak point of the J-15 is its Russia-made Al-31 engines which are less powerful than that of the American F-35 fighter".^[21]

Russian military experts have downplayed any significant competition from the J-15 in the global arms market, with Col. Igor Korotchenko of the Defense Ministry stating in early June 2010, "The Chinese J-15 is unlikely to achieve the same performance characteristics of the Russian Su-33 carrier-based fighter, and I do not rule out the possibility that China could return to negotiations with Russia on the purchase of a substantial batch of Su-33s."^[1]

In September 2013, the Beijing-based Sina Military Network (SMN) criticized the capabilities of the J-15 as nothing more than a "flopping fish" incapable of flying from the Liaoning with heavy weapons, “effectively crippling its attack range and firepower,” an unusual move as it contradicted state-owned media reports praising the fighter. SMN reported the J-15 could operate from the carrier equipped with two YJ-83K anti-ship missiles, two short-range PL-8 air-to-air missiles, and four 500 kg (1,100 lb) bombs, but a weapons load exceeding 12 tons would not get it off the ski jump, prohibiting it from carrying heavier munitions such as PL-12 medium-range air-to-air missiles, making it an unlikely match if hostile fighters are encountered when flying strike missions; furthermore, it can carry only carry two tons of weapons while fully fueled, limiting it to no more than two YJ-83Ks and two PL-8s.^[22]

The J-15's chief designer, Sun Cong of the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference, has said that the J-15 could match the F/A-18 in bomb load, combat radius and mobility. However, in a similar statement, he said more work was required in its electronics and combat systems.^[23] He also indicated the lack of mature domestically produced engines as a current weak spot.^[24] Rear Admiral Yin Zhuo stated that the aircraft's air combat capabilities were better than that of the F/A-18E/F Super Hornet. However, he also stated that its ability to attack land and sea targets was slightly inferior to the F/A-18E/F; it is also stated that its electronic equipment meets the standards of those on a fifth generation fighter.^[25]

Operational history

A J-15 landing on aircraft carrier Liaoning

On 25 November 2012, Chinese media announced that two J-15s had made successful arrested landings on the aircraft carrier Liaoning.^[26][27][28] The first pilot to land on the Liaoning was named as Dai Mingmeng (戴明盟).^[29] Luo Yang, the aircraft's head of head of production and designer, died the same day.^[30] PLA Daily newspaper indicated the first five naval pilots including Dai conducted J-15 fighter landing and taking off. Test and training program officials confirmed the carrier-borne aircraft and special equipment for the landing flight had gone through strict tests, and fighter jets can be deployed on the carrier.^[31]

In December 2013 Chinese media reported that mass production of J-15s in full operational condition with combat markings had begun.^[32]

In July 2016, a new variant of the J-15, capable of CATOBAR operations and sporting a new active electronically scanned array radar, conducted its maiden flight, with a temporary designation of J-15A being assigned to it.^[33]

Accidents

• On 27 August 2014, one J-15 fighter aircraft crashed during a test flight. Both test pilots died in the crash.^[34]
• On 27 April 2016, one J-15 fighter jet crashed due to problems in the flight control system during simulated carrier landings. Pilot Zhang Chao ejected out of the stricken aircraft at the last moment and later died of the injuries sustained.^[35][36]

Specifications

General characteristics

• Crew: 1-2
• Length: 21.9 m (72 ft)
• Wingspan: 14.7 m (48.25 ft)
• Height: 5.9 m (19.5 ft)
• Wing area: 62.04 m² (667.80 ft²)
• Empty weight: 17500 kg (38600 lb)
• Loaded weight: 27000 kg (60000 lb)
• Max. takeoff weight: 33000 kg (72752 lb)
• Powerplant: 2 × WS-10A^[37] afterburning turbofans^[37]
  • Dry thrust: 89.17 kN (20,050 lbf) each
  • Thrust with afterburner: 135 kN^[37] (33,000 lbf^[37]) each
• Wingspan, wings folded: 7.4 m (24.25 ft)

Performance

• Maximum speed: Mach 1.98 (1,305 mph; 2,100 kmh; 1,134 kts)^[38]
• Range: 3500 km^[39] (2050 mi)
• Service ceiling: 20000 m^[37] (65700 ft)
• Rate of climb: 325 m/s^[37] (64000 ft/min)

Armament

• 1 × 30 mm GSh-30-1 cannon with 150 rounds
• Munitions on twelve external hardpoints, including:
  • 8 × PL-12 or R-77, and 4 × PL-9 or R-73 air-to-air missiles
  • Various bombs and rockets
  • Anti ship and anti radiation missiles.
  • Electronic countermeasure (ECM) pods

See also

• Fourth-generation jet fighter

Related development

• Shenyang J-11B
• Shenyang J-16
• Sukhoi Su-33

Aircraft of comparable role, configuration and era

• Boeing F/A-18E/F Super Hornet
• Mikoyan MiG-29K
• Rafale M

References

Citations

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Shenyang J-15.

• J15 Naval Carrier Based Fighter, PLA Navy, J-15 fighter photos and introductions, AirForceWorld.com
• Chinese Military Aviation
• Flying Sharks, a J-15 fighter video.