Sixth Seimas of Lithuania

Sixth Seimas of Lithuania
Supreme Council of the Republic of Lithuania Seventh Seimas of Lithuania

Seimas Palace
Overview
Jurisdiction  Lithuania
Term 1992—1996

The Sixth Seimas of Lithuania was the first parliament (Seimas) elected in Lithuania after it restored independence on 11 March 1990. Elections took place on 25 October 1992, with the second round on 15 November. In a surprisingly decisive outcome, the elections were won by Democratic Labour Party of Lithuania (LDDP), with 73 seats. The result reflected widespread dissatisfaction with the economic situation and the policies of the ruling Sąjūdis political movement in the preceding Supreme Council of Lithuania.

The Sixth Seimas commenced its work on 25 November 1992 and served a four-year term, with the last session on 19 November 1996. Algirdas Brazauskas, the leader of LDDP, became the Speaker of the Seimas, before assuming the role of the President of Lithuania. He was succeeded as the Speaker by his party colleague Česlovas Juršėnas, who served for the rest of the term.

Three LDDP-led governments changed during the term of the Sixth Seimas. The government of Bronislovas Lubys, an independent business manager, served for a short period before the presidential election in 1993. The government of Adolfas Šleževičius was in power for most of the term, but the Prime Minister was forced out after a financial scandal in December 1995. Laurynas Stankevičius led the government for the rest of the term.

The Sixth Seimas adopted a number of laws, mostly related to agricultural reform, implementation of the Constitution of Lithuania and the introduction of Litas as the national currency. Supervision of financial markets was enhanced after a number of early financial institutions collapsed and other financial scandals came to light. On the other hand, the slow pace of market reforms, failure to restore the ownership of confiscated private property and weak efforts to fight corruption were criticized by the opposition. The chaotic process of privatization of public assets also came under criticism for allowing well-connected individuals and groups to take control of state enterprises.

Elections

In the elections in 1992, 70 members of the parliament were elected on proportional party lists and 71 in single member constituencies. Elections took place on 25 October 1992. In those constituencies where no candidate won outright on 25 October, a run-off was held on 15 November.[1]:336-341

The main challenger to the ruling Sąjūdis nationalist movement, which had controlled the Supreme Council since February 1990 and spearheaded the move to independence, was the Democratic Labour Party of Lithuania (LDDP). In the run-up to the elections, Sąjūdis portrayed the opposing political groups as communist and reactionary, opposed to independence and democracy. The LDDP declared their commitment to maintaining foreign policy goals, including joining Council of Europe and agreements with other international organizations, while also promising friendlier relations and better trade with Russia.[1]:336-341

The result was a victory for the LDDP, which won 73 seats. Analysts attributed the surprisingly decisive victory to support from farmers and the Russian and Polish minorities, as well as widespread dissatisfaction with the economic situation and the policies of the ruling Sąjūdis political movement, which only managed to win 30 seats.[1]:336-341[2]

Party Abbr. PR votes % Seats
PR Constituency Total
Democratic Labour Party of LithuaniaLDDP817,33144.0363773
SąjūdisLPS393,50021.2171130
Citizens' Charter of the Republic of LithuaniaLRPCH2
Lithuanian Christian Democratic PartyLKDP234,36812.610818
Lithuanian Union of Political Prisoners and DeporteesPKTS2
Lithuanian Democratic PartyDP0
Social Democratic Party of LithuaniaLSDP112,4106.0538
Lithuanian Christian Democratic UnionLKDS66,0273.6011
Young Lithuania 00
Lithuanian Centre MovementLCJ46,9082.2022
Association of Poles in LithuaniaLLS39,7722.1224
Lithuanian Nationalist UnionLTS36,9162.0033
Independence PartyNP11
Liberal Union of Lithuania 28,0911.5000
Lithuanian Liberty League 22,0341.2000
National Progress Movement 19,8351.1000
Moderates Movement 13,0020.7000
Socio-Political Movement for Social Justice 9,7300.5000
Lithuanian Liberty Union 7,7600.42000
Lithuanian Movement "Chernobyl" 4,8270.3000
Lithuanian Commonwealth 4,1590.22000
Union of Lithuania's Patriots 1,9040.1000
Independents 11
Invalid/blank votes59,453
Total1,919,0271007071141
Registered voters/turnout2,549,95275.3

Activities

Speaker of the Seimas
Algirdas Brazauskas
Algirdas Brazauskas (LDDP)
25 November 1992 - 25 February 1993
Česlovas Juršėnas
Česlovas Juršėnas (LDDP)
25 February 1993 – 25 November 1996

The newly elected Sixth Seimas first gathered on 25 November 1992. In what was to become a procedural tradition, the first session was presided over by the oldest member of the parliament – Juozas Bulavas. As the new parliament lacked clear procedures governing its work (the Statute of Seimas was only adopted on 26 February 1994), it was decided to follow the regulations of the preceding Supreme Council of Lithuania.[1]:346-347

Algirdas Brazauskas was elected as the first Speaker of the Sixth Seimas, supported by 81 of the parliament members. Brazauskas only acted in this capacity for less than a day – as soon as Seimas adopted the necessary legal framework, he assumed the position of acting President of Lithuania, in accordance with the constitution.[3] His deputy, Česlovas Juršėnas became the acting Speaker of the Parliament. After the presidential election early the following year, Brazauskas became the first post-independence President of Lithuania, resigned from the Seimas and Juršėnas was elected as the Speaker for the remainder of the term.

Algirdas Brazauskas proposed Bronislovas Lubys, the managing director of “Azotas” (later Achema), as the Prime Minister of the fifth government. His candidacy was approved by the parliament with 87 votes in favor. It was understood that the government was to be short-lived, as it would have to return its mandate after the presidential elections early in 1993.[1]:367 The government included only three members of LDDP, while nine ministers retained their positions from the previous Sąjūdis-led government.[4] In late 1992 and early 1993 the Seimas adopted the laws implementing the position of the President of Lithuania and governing the elections.

After the presidential elections, Brazauskas put forward economist and businessman Adolfas Šleževičius as the Prime Minister of the sixth government. His candidacy was approved by the Seimas and the government started their work on 16 March 1993, with the stated priorities of creating the foundations for competitive market economy and improving social safety net.[4]

In order to secure monetary stability and control the inflation, Litas was introduced as the national currency of Lithuania, with the circulation starting on 25 June 1993. In 1994, it was pegged to the US Dollar at the rate of 4:1. The introduction of the currency did not soften the growing tensions between the Government, the Seimas and the Bank of Lithuania, which was criticized for its commercial activities and poor supervision of commercial banks. On 10 March 1993, the parliament accepted the resignation of bank's chairman, Vilius Baldišius, replacing him with Romualdas Visokavičius two weeks later. After the Commission for Investigating Financial Crimes, established by the Seimas, uncovered irregularities and illegal transactions in the bank, the Seimas expressed no-confidence in Visokavičius on 19 October 1993, forcing him out and replacing him with Kazimieras Ratkevičius.[1]:370-371

Failure to supervise the financial sector, at that point dominated by weak banks and outright financial pyramids that wiped out the savings of a substantial part of the population,[1]:352 was cited by the opposition as one of the reasons for its proposal to express no-confidence in the Government in June 1994, the first such proposal in post-independence Lithuania. Nevertheless, the government survived this and another interpellation on 31 October 1995. The situation changed after the collapse of two commercial banks in December 1995. It emerged that Prime Minister Šleževičius had withdrawn his savings from one of the two banks just days before its collapse. After refusing to resign, he was forced out by the Seimas in a secret-ballot vote on 19 December 1995, with 94 members supporting his ousting. Laurynas Stankevičius, a minister in the Šleževičius cabinet, was approved by the Seimas on 15 February 1996 as the Prime Minister of the seventh government and served until the end of the term of the Seimas.[1]:372-373

Almost half of all the laws adopted during the period of the Sixth Seimas were related to agricultural reform, implementation of the Constitution of Lithuania and the introduction of Litas as the national currency.[5] Among other important decisions, the Seimas adopted a structural reform of the judiciary and set up the Constitutional Court. The taxation system was reformed, partly in response to budget deficits that the Sixth Seimas never managed to close, and the Value Added Tax introduced.[1]:411 Dual-layered local government was introduced, with municipal and county administrations sharing the responsibility.[1]:383-387 On the other hand, the opposition criticized the successive governments and the ruling majority for the slow pace of market reforms, failure to restore the ownership of confiscated private property and weak efforts to fight corruption.

The privatization program, which had been started already in 1990, was initially criticized by the newly elected parliamentary majority, but soon continued. In a chaotic process, the laws governing privatization were reviewed and changed constantly, but still had loopholes in them that allowed well-connected individuals and financial groups to assume control of government property at fire-sale prices. The second stage of privatization started in July 1995 with Seimas adopting the new Law on Privatization of Government and Municipal Property. The new law attempted to eliminate many of the weaknesses in the privatization process – assets could now be sold only for cash, discounts for employees were eliminated and equal participation rights were granted to local and foreign investors. However, the new law did not meet the expectations and the privatization process remained inefficient and prone to corruption.[1]:395-397

The two largest powers in the Sixth Seimas had vastly different views on how the land reform should take place. Sąjūdis (and Homeland Union that emerged from it) focused on returning the agricultural land to those that had lost it in the waves of Soviet collectivization and implemented it as a policy when in power before 1992. LDDP, on the other hand, prioritized maintaining the existing levels of production, which meant ensuring that the land stays in the hands of those who would work it most efficiently. Once in power, LDDP introduced changes to the Law on Land Reform, slowing down the process of restitution and limiting its scope.[1]:403

In foreign policy, the Sixth Seimas maintained a pro-European stance, despite Sąjūdis warning the electorate that the success of LDDP would inevitably orient Lithuania towards Russia. Instead, the LDDP-led Sixth Seimas proclaimed the continuity of the previous foreign policy. The last of Russian military forces left Lithuania in 1993. Lithuania soon joined the Council of Europe, while maintaining its long-term goals of joining NATO and European Union.[1]:425-426

Composition

Leadership

The board of the Seimas consisted of the Speaker of the Seimas, his deputies and the chancellor of the Seimas. The functions assigned to these positions and the procedures for their appointment evolved during the term.

Speaker of the Seimas
Name Party Term
Algirdas Brazauskas LDDP 25 November 1992[3] - 25 February 1993
Česlovas Juršėnas LDDP 25 November 1992[3] - 25 February 1993
(Acting)
25 February 1993[6] - 25 November 1996
Deputy Speakers of the Seimas
Name Party Term
Česlovas Juršėnas LDDP 25 November 1992[3] - 25 February 1993
Aloyzas Sakalas LSDP 15 December 1992[7] - 17 June 1993
(Acting)
17 June 1993[8] - 25 November 1996
Egidijus Bičkauskas LCJ 15 December 1992[7] - 17 June 1993
(Acting)
17 June 1993[8] - 25 November 1996
Juozas Bernatonis LDDP 17 June 1993[8] - 25 November 1996
Chancellor of the Seimas
Name Party Term
Neris Germanas LDDP 17 June 1993[8] - 29 October 1996
Juozas Bernatonis LDDP 5 November 1996[9] - 25 November 1996
(Acting)

Parliamentary groups

On the second day of the term, 26 November 1992, the following parliamentary groups were registered: Christian Democrats, Sąjūdis, Citizen Charter, Democratic Labour Party of Lithuania, Social Democrats of Lithuania. While politically aligned, Christian Democrats, Sąjūdis and Citizen Charter formed three separate political groups in the Seimas in order to secure more seats in parliamentary committees. Nevertheless, the alignment fractured, as the Political Prisoners and Deportees and the Democratic Party left the political group of Christian Democrats, while only 23 of the 30 members of Sąjūdis and Citizen Charter joined the parliamentary group of Homeland Union-Lithuanian Conservatives.[1]:353

The opposition to the government in the Sixth Seimas was twofold: Homeland Union-Lithuanian Conservatives led the radical opposition, relentlessly criticizing the government, while the Social Democrats and the Centre Union formed the moderate opposition. During the term there were several cases of departures or expulsions from both the ruling political group of the Democratic Labour Party and the opposition political groups. However, due to the vast gulf between the ruling and opposition parties, there were few defections across ideological borders.[1]:354

The following parliamentary groups were active at the end of the term.[10]

Name Abbr. Members
Democratic Labour Party of LithuaniaLDDPF71
Homeland Union - ConservativesTSKF23
Christian DemocratsKDF12
Social Democratic Party of LithuaniaLSDPF7
Lithuanian Nationalist UnionLTSF4
Association of Poles in LithuaniaLLSF4
Democratic PartyDPF3
Freedom of Political Prisoners and DeporteesPKTLF5
Others MSNG8
Vacant seats 4

Committees

Parliamentary committees are formed to consider draft legislation and can explore and clarify other issues in their area of competence. Eleven committees were active during the Sixth Seimas.[11]

Committees of the Seimas
Agriculture Budget and Finance Economy
Environment National Security Health, Social Security and Labor
Education, Science and Culture Foreign affairs State reforms and municipalities
State and Law Human and citizen rights and minority affairs

Commissions

Permanent of temporary parliamentary commissions are formed to work on a particular question or issue assigned to them by the Seimas.

Permanent commission active during the term of the Sixth Seimas were Ethics, Administration and Petition commissions. Of particular interest in the Sixth Seimas was the Commission for Investigating Financial Crimes, established by the Seimas in 1993 and headed by parliament member Virgilijus Vladislovas Bulovas (later - by Vytautas Juškus). The commission worked to identify loopholes in existing laws that allowed officials and well-connected individuals to take possession of government property and investigated corruption by government officials. The commission also dealt with numerous financial scandals that took place during the term, particularly the failure of several commercial banks at the end of 1995.[1]:357-358

Temporary commissions were created to investigate ad-hoc questions. During the term of the Sixth Seimas these questions included the activities of commercial banks, the activities of the House of Signatories, and the decisions of the previous government of Gediminas Vagnorius.[1]:359

Members

A total of 147 members served on the Sixth Seimas,[12] including 137 men and 10 women.[13] The vast majority of Seimas members were ethnic Lithuanians. Russian and Polish ethnic minorities, each constituting around 6% of the population in Lithuania, were represented by 3 and 6 members, respectively.[14]

Parliament member Constituency Electoral list Parliamentary group
Zenonas Petras Adomaitis41 KelmėsLDDPLDDPF
Albinas Albertynas 62 JurbarkoLDDPLDDPF
Vilija Aleknaitė-Abramikienė NationwideLPSTSKF
Leonas Alesionka NationwideLDDPLDDPF
Nijolė Ambrazaitytė 9 LazdynųLRPCHTSKF
Laima Andrikienė NationwideLPSTSKF
Vytenis Andriukaitis NationwideLSDPLSDPF
Jonas Algirdas Antanaitis
(From 14 October 1995)
NationwideLSDPLSDPF
Kazimieras Antanavičius 31 GargždųLSDPLSDPF, MSNG
Vytautas Arbačiauskas NationwideLDDPLDDPF
Vytautas Astrauskas 3 AntakalnioLDDPLDDPF
Arvydas Bajoras 63 SuvalkijosLDDPLDDPF
Alvydas Baležentis 71 Lazdijų-DruskininkųLTSLTSF
Juozas Baranauskas 39 Akmenės -JoniškioLDDPLDDPF
Antanas Baskas NationwideLDDPLDDPF, LSDPF
Juozas Bastys
(Until 8 October 1994)
NationwideLDDPLDDPF
Julius Beinortas 28 AukštaitijosLKDPKDF
Aleksandras Bendinskas NationwideLDDPLDDPF
Juozas Bernatonis NationwideLDDPLDDPF
Egidijus Bičkauskas 7 JustiniškiųLCJMSNG
Romualdas Ignas Bloškys NationwideLDDPLDDPF
Kazys Bobelis 29 MarijampolėsLKDSMSNG
Vytautas Bogušis NationwideLKDP-LPKTS-DPKDF
Algirdas Brazauskas
(Until 25 February 1993)
59 KaišiadoriųLDDPLDDPF
Vanda Briedienė NationwideLKDP-LPKTS-DPPKTLF
Vytautas Bubnys 67 PrienųLDDPLDDPF, MSNG
Antanas Būdvytis NationwideLDDPLDDPF
Vytautas Algimantas Buinevičius NationwideLDDPLDDPF
Juozas Bulavas
(Until 20 July 1995)
NationwideLDDPLDDPF
Virgilijus Vladislovas Bulovas NationwideLDDPLDDPF
Sigita Burbienė 6 ŠeškinėsLDDPLDDPF
Vladas Butėnas 32 ŠilutėsLDDPLDDPF
Medardas Čobotas NationwideLKDP-LPKTS-DPKDF
Rimantas Dagys NationwideLSDPLSDPF
Kęstutis Dirgėla 19 DanėsLPSTSKF
Juozas Dringelis NationwideLPSTSKF
Arūnas Eigirdas
(Until 13 April 1993)
NationwideLPSTSKF
Vytautas Einoris
(From 25 March 1995)
59 KaišiadoriųLDDPLDDPF
Algirdas Endriukaitis 64 Šakių
Nationwide[Note 1]
LPSMSNG
Balys Gajauskas NationwideLKDP-LPKTS-DPPKTLF
Kęstutis Gaška 70 Varėnos-EišiškiųLDDPLDDPF, MSNG
Neris Germanas
(Until 29 October 1996)
23 AušrosLDDPLDDPF
Bronislavas Genzelis 1 NaujamiesčioLDDPLDDPF
Alfonsas Giedraitis NationwideLDDPLDDPF
Povilas Gylys 51 UtenosLDDPLDDPF
Petras Giniotas 21 MariųLPSLPS, KDF
Algimantas Antanas Greimas 68 VilkaviškioLDDPLDDPF
Algirdas Gricius NationwideLDDPLDDPF
Romualda Hofertienė
(Until 13 April 1993)
(From 15 July 1993)
20 Baltijos
Nationwide[Note 1]
LPSTSKF
Arvydas Ivaškevičius 25 DainųLDDPLDDPF
Bronislovas Jagminas NationwideLDDPLDDPF
Povilas Jakučionis NationwideLKDP-LPKTS-DPPKTLF
Juozas Janonis
(Until 13 April 1993)
NationwideLPSTSKF
Egidijus Jarašiūnas
(Until 19 March 1996)
26 NevėžioLPSTSKF
Vladimir Jarmolenko 16 DainavosLPSTSKF
Leonardas Kęstutis Jaskelevičius NationwideLDDPLDDPF
Gema Jurkūnaitė NationwideLDDPLDDPF
Česlovas Juršėnas 53 Ignalinos-ŠvenčioniųLDDPLDDPF
Vytautas Juškus
(Until 29 October 1996)
24 SaulėsLDDPLDDPF
Antanas Kairys 44 RadviliškioLDDPLDDPF
Vytautas Kanapeckas 47 Pasvalio-PanevėžioLDDPLDDPF
Justinas Karosas NationwideLDDPLDDPF
Povilas Katilius 15 KalniečiųLKDPKDF
Juozapas Algirdas Katkus 13 CentroLPSTSKF
Gediminas Kirkilas NationwideLDDPLDDPF
Feliksas Kolosauskas 49 Anykščių-KupiškioLDDPLDDPF
Kazimieras Vytautas Kryževičius NationwideLKDP-LPKTS-DPKDF
Kęstutis Kubertavičius NationwideLDDPLDDPF
Andrius Kubilius NationwideLPSTSKF
Jonas Kubilius NationwideLDDPLDDPF
Algirdas Kunčinas 5 FabijoniškiųLDDPLDDPF
Elvyra Janina Kunevičienė 33 Šilutės-ŠilalėsLPKTSPKTLF
Kazimieras Kuzminskas 18 PanemunėsLKDPKDF
Vytautas Landsbergis NationwideLPSTSKF
Vaclovas Lapė NationwideLPSTSKF
Tautvydas Lideikis
(Until 9 July 1993)
NationwideLPSTSKF
Linas Antanas Linkevičius NationwideLDDPLDDPF
Juozas Listavičius NationwideLPSTSKF
Vytautas Liutikas 40 TelšiųLDDPLDDPF
Albinas Lozuraitis NationwideLDDPLDDPF
Ryšard Maciejkianiec 57 Vilniaus-TrakųLLSLLSF
Valentinas Mačiulis NationwideLDDPLDDPF
Stasys Malkevičius 22 Pajūrio
Nationwide[Note 1]
LPSTSKF
Rimantas Markauskas NationwideLDDPLDDPF
Nikolaj Medvedev NationwideLSDPLSDPF
Leonas Milčius 65 Kauno-KėdainiųLTSLTSF
Gabriel Jan Mincevič NationwideLLSLLSF
Petras Algirdas Miškinis NationwideLKDP-LPKTS-DPKDF
Alfonsas Navickas 38 MažeikiųLDDPLDDPF
Juozas Nekrošius 42 RaseiniųLDDPLDDPF
Antanas Nesteckis
(Until 16 July 1996)
NationwideLDDPLDDPF
Romualdas Ozolas NationwideLCJMSNG
Justas Vincas Paleckis
(From 30 August 1995)
(Until 13 October 1995)
NationwideLSDPLSDPF
Jonas Pangonis 69 DzūkijosLSDPLSDPF, LDDPF
Petras Papovas 52 ZarasųLDDPLDDPF
Algirdas Vaclovas Patackas 14 ŽaliakalnioLPSLPS, KDF
Kęstutis Povilas Paukštys 17 PramonėsLPSTSKF
Gediminas Adolfas Paviržis 2 SenamiesčioLDDPLDDPF
Saulius Pečeliūnas NationwideLKDP-LPKTS-DPDPF
Vytautas Petkevičius 46 Pakruojo-JoniškioLDDPLDDPF
Valdas Petrauskas NationwideLKDP-LPKTS-DPDPF
Vytautas Petras Plečkaitis NationwideLSDPLSDPF
Artur Plokšto NationwideLLSLLSF
Algirdas Pocius NationwideLDDPLDDPF
Zigmas Povilaitis
(From 14 April 1993)
64 Šakių[Note 1]LDDPLDDPF
Juras Požela NationwideLDDPLDDPF
Vincentas Pranevičius 60 JonavosLDDPLDDPF
Mykolas Pronckus 35 PlungėsLDDPLDDPF
Antanas Račas NationwideLPSTSKF
Everistas Raišuotis 54 Molėtų-ŠvenčioniųLDDPLDDPF
Arimantas Juvencijus Raškinis 12 Aleksoto-VilijampolėsLKDPKDF
Algirdas Ražauskas NationwideLDDPLDDPF
Virginijus Ražukas
(From 14 April 1993)
NationwideLDDPLDDPF
Audrius Rudys
(Until 29 August 1995)
NationwideLSDPLSDPF
Benediktas Vilmantas Rupeika 55 Širvintų-VilniausLDDPLDDPF
Algirdas Sadkauskas
(Until 15 September 1996)
58 TrakųLDDPLDDPF
Aloyzas Sakalas NationwideLSDPLSDPF
Algimantas Salamakinas NationwideLDDPLDDPF
Algirdas Saudargas NationwideLKDP-LPKTS-DPKDF
Vytautas Saulis 50 Rokiškio LDDPLDDPF
Zbignev Semenovič 56 Vilniaus-ŠalčininkųLPSLLSF
Kęstutis Skrebys 27 VakarinėNPTSKF
Karolis Snežko
(Until 24 August 1996)
NationwideLDDPLDDPF
Mindaugas Stakvilevičius 45 Šiaulių kaim.LDDPLDDPF
Antanas Napoleonas Stasiškis NationwideLPSTSKF
Saulius Šaltenis NationwideLPSTSKF
Irena Šiaulienė Nationwide
20 Baltijos[Note 1]
LDDPLDDPF
Zita Šličytė 34 TauragėsLPKTSPKTLF
Vytautas Šumakaris 10 N. VilniosLDDPLDDPF
Juozapas Tartilas NationwideLKDP-LPKTS-DPDPF
Algimantas Povilas Tauras NationwideLDDPLDDPF
Mečislovas Treinys 66 Kauno kaim.LTSLTSF
Pranciškus Tupikas 8 KaroliniškiųLPSTSKF
Kazimieras Uoka NationwideLPSLPS, LTSF
Ignacas Stasys Uždavinys 36 KretingosLKDPKDF
Gediminas Vagnorius NationwideLPSTSKF
Alfonsas Vaišnoras 11 ŠilainiųLPSTSKF
Albinas Vaižmužis 48 Biržų-KupiškioIndependentMSNG
Virmantas Velikonis 43 KėdainiųLDDPLDDPF
Julius Veselka 30 AlytausLDDPLDDPF
Marijonas Visakavičius 61 UkmergėsLDDPLDDPF
Pranciškus Stanislavas Vitkevičius 37 Skuodo-MažeikiųLDDPLDDPF
Vytautas Vidmantas Zimnickas NationwideLDDPLDDPF
Emanuelis Zingeris 4 ŽirmūnųLRPCHTSKF
Juozas Žebrauskas NationwideLDDPLDDPF
Vidmantas Žiemelis NationwideLPSTSKF
Ričardas Žurinskas
(From 14 April 1993)
22 Pajūrio[Note 1]LDDPLDDPF
  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 On 14 April 1993 the Central Electoral Commission declared the previously announced results in three electoral districts invalid, citing the decisions of the Supreme Court of Lithuania. Romualda Hofertienė, elected in the (20) Baltijos single-seat constituency, lost her seat to Irena Šiaulienė. Since Šiaulienė was already a member of the Seimas through the electoral list of LDDP, the next person on the list, Virginijus Ražukas, qualified for a seat. Romualda Hofertienė would later return to the Seimas through the electoral list of LPS after Tautvydas Lideikis died. Stasys Malkevičius ((22) Pajūrio) and Algirdas Endriukaitis ((64) Šakių) lost their single-seat constituencies to Ričardas Žurinskas and Zigmas Povilaitis, but retained their Seimas' seats, as they would have qualified through the electoral list of LPS. Instead, the lowest-ranked members to have qualified through the electoral list of LPS (Arūnas Eigirdas and Juozas Janonis) lost their seats.[15][16]

References

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  2. "Elections held in 1992". Inter-Parliamentary Union. Retrieved 15 March 2016.
  3. 1 2 3 4 "Lietuvos Respublikos Seimo vakarinio posėdžio PROTOKOLAS Nr.2" [Protocol No. 2 of the evening session of the Seimas of the Republic of Lithuania] (in Lithuanian). Seimas of the Republic of Lithuania. 25 November 1992. Retrieved 9 December 2015.
  4. 1 2 Curry, Jane Leftwich; Urban, Joan Barth (2004). The Left Transformed in Post-Communist Societies: The Cases of East-Central Europe, Russia, and Ukraine. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers. p. 112. ISBN 9780585466767. Retrieved 15 March 2016.
  5. "Šeši Seimo amžiai: nuo karalių rinkimų iki narių komunistų" [Six centuries of the Seimas: from royal elections to communist members] (in Lithuanian). Delfi.lt. 25 October 2008. Retrieved 9 December 2015.
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  7. 1 2 "Nutarimas dėl Lietuvos Respublikos Seimo Pirmininko Pavaduotojų". lrs.lt. Seimas of the Republic of Lithuania. 15 December 1992. Retrieved 7 April 2016.
  8. 1 2 3 4 "Nutarimas dėl Lietuvos Respublikos Seimo Pirmininko Pavaduotojų ir Seimo Kanclerio Išrinkimo". lrs.lt. Seimas of the Republic of Lithuania. 17 June 1993. Retrieved 7 April 2016.
  9. "Nutarimas dėl Lietuvos Respublikos Seimo Kanclerio Pavadavimo". lrs.lt. Seimas of the Republic of Lithuania. 5 November 1996. Retrieved 7 April 2016.
  10. "Seimo Frakcijos" [Parliamentary Groups of the Seimas] (in Lithuanian). Seimas of the Republic of Lithuania. Retrieved 9 December 2015.
  11. "Seimo komitetai". Seimas of the Republic of Lithuania. Retrieved 1 April 2016.
  12. "Seimo narių sąrašas" [List of members of the Seimas] (in Lithuanian). Seimas of the Republic of Lithuania. Retrieved 9 December 2015.
  13. Blažytė-Baužienė, Danutė (2004). "LIETUVOS PARLAMENTARAI 1990–2004 METAIS" [Lithuanian parliament members 1990-2004]. Parlamento Studijos (in Lithuanian). 2. Retrieved 9 December 2015.
  14. Moser, Robert G.; Barany, Zoltan D. (2005). Ethnic Politics After Communism. Cornell University Press. p. 132. ISBN 9780801472763. Retrieved 15 March 2016.
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  16. "Lietuvos Respublikos konstituticnis teismas: sprendimas". Constitutional Court of Lithuania. 21 September 1994. Retrieved 7 April 2016.
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