2016 Milwaukee riots

2016 Milwaukee riots
Date	August 13–15, 2016
Location	Milwaukee, Wisconsin, U.S. N Sherman and W Auer 43°04′37″N 87°58′03″W / 43.077°N 87.9675°W / 43.077; -87.9675
Causes	Shooting and killing of Sylville Smith by police
Methods	Protests, rioting, looting, arson, shooting
Parties to the civil conflict
City of Milwaukee Milwaukee Police Department Milwaukee Fire Department Local demonstrators Revolutionary Communist Party[1]
Number
Initially 20–30 200+
Casualties
Injuries	10+[2][3]
Arrested	41[2][3][4]

On August 13, 2016, a riot, later referred to as the Milwaukee Uprising,^[5][6] began in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, sparked by the fatal shooting of 23-year-old Sylville Smith by police.^[7] After a brief period of calm, the riot continued into August 14 and 15. Several people, including police officers, were injured in the riots, and dozens of protesters were arrested.^[3] A nightly curfew was set up for teenagers in the area, which is cited for bringing another period of relative calm.^[4]

Smith was running on foot and armed with a stolen handgun when he was shot.^[8] Smith and the officer who fired the fatal shots, Dominique Heaggan-Brown, were both African American. Video from the officer's bodycam showed that Smith had turned with a gun in his hand toward the officer right before the officer shot him.^[9]

Background

In 2014, community protests followed the fatal shooting of Dontre Hamilton, a mentally ill black man, in Milwaukee. The officer who shot and killed Hamilton was fired from the police force for not following protocol, but he was not criminally charged. In December 2014, the U.S. Department of Justice announced that it would work with the Milwaukee Police Department on reforms.^[10][11] Milwaukee police previously attracted controversy for two incidents involving the deaths of black suspects while in police custody—one in 2010 and the other in 2011^[11]—as well as a scandal involving illegal strip searches and body cavity searches of 74 black people, for which a $5 million settlement was approved by the Milwaukee Common Council.^[6][12] Residents have criticized policing methods in predominantly black neighborhoods, which they say often involve a lack of respect towards suspects and use of force.^[13]

On June 29, 2016, police in riot gear had to respond to unrest in Sherman Park, near 39th and Burleigh, a block away from the August incident. Rioters smashed windows and threw rocks at police.^[14] A BP gas station had been a frequent flash-point for unrest during June and July 2016, with several incidents taking place there, including a murder. Later, it would be looted and set on fire during the August 13 riot.^[15]

Influence of inequality

Several reports and Milwaukee residents have connected the riots to a history of segregation and discrimination in Milwaukee.^[5][6][13]

Black residents, who make up about 40 percent of the city's population, have higher rates of unemployment and incarceration, lack of education, and lower incomes than white residents.^[6] The poverty difference between black and white citizens is about one-and-a-half times the national average,^[13] and according to the Economic Policy Institute, Milwaukee has the nation's highest black unemployment rate.^[16]

One resident, Sharlen Moore, said:

It's a series of things that has happened over a period of time. And right now you shake a soda bottle and you open the top and it explodes, and this is what it is.^[13]

Initial police shooting

At about 3:30 p.m. on August 13, 2016, two 23-year-old men were pulled over by two officers for suspicious activity while driving through the neighborhood. Both men fled on foot. One, who was armed with a semi-automatic handgun carrying 23 rounds, was later shot twice in the chest and arm by one of the officers, dying at the scene. The man's handgun, along with 500 additional rounds of ammunition, had been reported stolen during a March burglary in nearby Waukesha. The second man was later apprehended and put into police custody.^{[2][10][17][18][19]} The deceased man, later identified as Sylville Smith, was shot about 20 seconds after the traffic stop was conducted.^[20]

The shooting occurred during a violent weekend in Milwaukee, with nine other shootings, five of them homicides, occurring within the preceding nine hours from August 12 to August 13. Two of the crime scenes were located a few blocks away from the police shooting.^[7][18]

People involved

Sylville Smith

Sylville K. Smith (c. 1993 – August 13, 2016)^[21][22] had two sisters, and a two-year-old son.^[22][23] According to his grandfather, Smith had cognitive and mental health issues, needing to take special education classes in elementary and middle school. He also started carrying a gun on his person after being shot at or robbed several times in separate incidents.^[22]

Smith had a "lengthy arrest record" dating back to at least 2011.^[8][24] He had been arrested or ticketed eight times for robbery, carrying a concealed weapon, theft, heroin possession, and other crimes. On February 3, 2015, he had been charged with felony first-degree "reckless endangering safety", in relation to a shooting at a party on August 24, 2014. This charge was followed by felony witness intimidation, when Smith attempted, through his girlfriend, to get the victim to sign a letter recanting his account. Both charges were dismissed after the victim willingly recanted his story.^[24][25] Smith's family said he had, at some point, filed a lawsuit against the Milwaukee Police Department, but no evidence of such a suit—settled or pending—was found in state or federal court.^[26]

Dominique Heaggan-Brown

Dominique Heaggan-Brown (born c. 1992), an amateur rapper, joined the police force in 2010 as an aide and then graduated from its academy three years later. He was wearing a body camera at the time of the shooting, as were two other officers at the scene.^[19][27][28] Heaggan-Brown is African American, and his name was initially withheld by police officials as "there are concerns for his safety".^[29] He was identified by the public on August 16 after at least 3,000 people shared a Facebook image of him, with some adding threatening comments; the post was deleted by Milwaukee police shortly after.^[26][27]

On August 14, Milwaukee Police Chief Edward A. Flynn said Heaggan-Brown's body camera showed Smith pointing a handgun at the officer before the shooting occurred.^[2] Heaggan-Brown was placed on administrative duty following the shooting, as is standard protocol in the city police department.^[30]

Heaggan-Brown was described by residents as an "aggressive" officer who was not well-liked in the community.^[30] According to one of Smith's sisters, Sherelle, Heaggan-Brown had known her brother in high school. An unnamed law enforcement source confirmed that both men had attended Casimir Pulaski High School together.^[31] Sherelle Smith also said that Heaggan-Brown was jealous of Smith's popularity and would often harass him because of it.^[30]

Riots

August 13

Between 8:00 and 9:00 p.m., hours after the shooting, a group of around 100 black protesters gathered near the scene at North Sherman and Auer to hold a protest, and confronted a line of 20–30 officers. Some of the protesters used social media to encourage others to participate in the demonstration. At some point, the protest turned violent.^[7][10][18] The Revolutionary Communist Party confirmed that some of its members were among the protesters and that they traveled to Milwaukee to "support a revolution" but did not intend to incite violence.^[1]

Several cars, including police squad cars, were set alight and a BP gas station was looted and set on fire as well.^[15] When additional officers dressed in riot gear arrived, gunshots were heard.^[18] Firefighters were initially unable to put out the gas station fire due to reports of shots being fired, but eventually extinguished the flames.^[32] The Milwaukee Fire Department reported that bricks were thrown at one of their trucks. One officer was treated at a hospital for injuries sustained after being hit by a brick.^[7][32] The protesters also attacked reporters and a photographer documenting the incident.^[33] One reporter was shoved to the ground and physically assaulted.^[18]

An O'Reilly Auto Parts shop, a beauty supply store, and the local branch of BMO Harris Bank were also set on fire in the area.^[34][35] A MetroPCS store was among the businesses that were looted.^[36] A supermarket and a liquor store were destroyed during the rioting, as well.^[37]

In total, four police officers were treated for injuries during the riot and seventeen people were arrested.^[2]

August 14

In the early hours of August 14, Mayor Tom Barrett and other local officials urged residents at a press conference to help restore order. Barrett also urged residents to bring home any of their children who may be among the protesters.^[17] During the day, volunteers assisted police in cleaning up debris left by the riot.^[10] In the afternoon, about 100 people, mostly black, held a peaceful demonstration in front of the O'Reilly Auto Parts shop that had been burned during the riot. The crowd moved to the local police station and held their arms up in the air as a form of protest.^[38]

More unrest occurred on the night of August 14. About two dozen officers in riot gear responded to the scene. Protesters threw objects at officers and a person was shot in the neck near the site of the disturbance. Police had to use an armored vehicle to retrieve the victim from the crowd. The victim was then taken to the hospital for treatment. A police officer was also injured and treated when a rock smashed into a patrol car windshield.^{[2][21][38][39]}

August 15

Protests continued on the early hours of August 15. Demonstrators were reported to have thrown objects and fired shots shortly after midnight.^[40] Chief Edward Flynn said that the department's ShotSpotter system recorded a total of 30 instances of gunfire on the night of August 14.^[41]

By the morning of August 15, fourteen more people were arrested and four police officers were wounded, including the one hit by the rock smashing a windshield. A 10:00 p.m. curfew was announced for teenagers.^[3] Three police cars and a BearCat vehicle were damaged, another vehicle and a dumpster were set on fire, and a store had its windows broken.^[3][41] The night of August 15 was relatively peaceful, with no property damage being reported. A few heated confrontations did occur, but were calmed down after six people were arrested.^[42]

Investigation

An investigation into the police shooting was initiated by the state Department of Justice. According to Mayor Barrett, the first riot was "driven" by the protesters' social media messages encouraging others to congregate in the area.^[43] The ATF offered a US$10,000 reward for information on the perpetrators of the arson fires that damaged businesses during the riots.^[44]

Smith's autopsy was released on August 15, confirming authorities' account of the shooting that he was shot twice in the chest and arm.^[41] City officials refused to release the police body camera video showing Smith's shooting pending the approval of the Wisconsin Department of Justice.^[45] However, Barrett urged state officials to release the video as soon as possible, hoping it would placate protesters.^[4] On August 23, Wisconsin Attorney General Brad Schimel said that releasing the video soon "would compromise the integrity of the investigation" and that it will not be unless charges are filed.^[28]

Estimated damage

According to a Milwaukee Fire Department official, the riots caused around $5.8 million worth of damage to the neighborhood businesses. This "rough estimate" includes commercial real estate damage, as well as lost merchandise. Seven businesses were affected.^[46]

Reactions

Political

Following the August 13 riot, Governor Scott Walker, under the threat of another riot in Milwaukee, declared a state of emergency in Milwaukee and put the National Guard on standby.^[10][47] President Barack Obama was briefed on the situation.^[48]

Police

Chief Edward Flynn praised faith and community leaders for their efforts in curbing the violence on August 14, and assigned blame of the riots to members of the Revolutionary Communist Party, saying they organized additional protesters, which turned the initial protests violent.^[20]

Milwaukee County Sheriff David A. Clarke Jr. wrote a controversial op-ed for The Hill, in which he blamed the riots on President Obama and liberals.^[49][50]

Smith's family

One of Smith's sisters, Kimberly Neal, urged protesters to stand down, saying violence was not the answer. Conversely, another sister, Sherelle Smith, encouraged protesters to focus the riots on suburban neighborhoods and burn them down.^[23] Sherelle Smith's encouragement of violence in the suburbs was controversially edited out of initial online and televised reports by CNN, which were later updated to include her full statement.^[51][52]

Smith's father, Patrick Smith, acknowledged having been a "bad role model" to his son, and urged other parents to become better role models for their children.^[21]

See also

• 1967 Milwaukee riot
• List of incidents of civil unrest in the United States

References