Timeline of Cologne

The following is a timeline of the history of the city of Cologne, Germany.

This is a dynamic list and may never be able to satisfy particular standards for completeness. You can help by expanding it with reliably sourced entries.

Prior to the 14th century

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13 CE - Germanicus headquartered in Cologne.
15 CE - Town becomes administrative capital of Germania Inferior (approximate date).
50 - Romans establish Colonia.^[1]
80 - Eifel Aqueduct built.
90 - Population: 45,000.
260 - Cologne becomes capital of Gallic Empire.
310 - Bridge built over Rhine.
313 - Catholic diocese of Cologne established (approximate date).^[2]
459 - Ripuarian Franks take power.
716 - Battle of Cologne.
795 - City becomes Archbishop's see.
974 - St. Andreas Church consecrated.
980 - Church of St. Pantaleon consecrated.
1003 - Deutz Abbey founded.
1065 - St. Maria im Kapitol built.
1106 - Church of the Holy Virgins built (approximate date).^[3]
1114 - Coat of arms of Cologne in use.
1160 - St. Cäcilien church built (approximate date).
1182 - City expands.
1184 - Richerzeche formed (approximate date).
1227 - St. Gereon's Basilica built.
1247 - St. Kunibert church consecrated.
1248 - Cologne Cathedral construction begins.
1250 - Great St. Martin Church built.
1260 - Church of the Minorites built (approximate date).^[4]
1288 - Battle of Worringen.

14th-18th centuries

Map of Cologne, 1633

1322 - Municipal archive in operation (approximate date).
1334 - Cologne Charterhouse founded.
1388 - University of Cologne established.
1396 - Constitution of Cologne in effect.
1400 - Gothic artist known as "Master of Saint Veronica" active (approximate date).^[5]
1414 - Jews expelled.^[1]
1447 - Gürzenich built.^[1]
1450 - Dreikönigsgymnasium founded.
1466 - Ulrich Zell sets up printing press.^[6]
1475 - City becomes free imperial city.
1569 - Cologne City Hall building expanded.^[7]
1583 - Cologne War begins.
1584 - Apostolic Nuncio established.
1586 - Battle of Werl.
1608 - Protestants banished.^[4]
1626
- Bertram Hilden sets up printing business.
- Witch trials begin (approximate date).^[8]
1709 - Eau de Cologne launched by Giovanni Maria Farina.
1734 - Gazette de Cologne begins publication.
1783 - Theater an der Schmierstraße built.
1794 - Population: 40,000.^[1]
1795 - City directory published.^[9]
1796 - City annexed by France.
1798 - Kölnische Zeitung newspaper begins publication.

19th century

City of Cologne
This article is part of a series on the

History Timeline Culture Mayors Demographics Districts Transport Streets

1802 - Hänneschen puppet theatre founded.^[10]
1815 - Prussians take power.^[4]
1823 - Rosenmontag (carnival) begins.^[11]
1827 - Cölner Concert-Gesellschaft formed.
1839 - Stollwerck confectionery established.^[11]
1840 - Gürzenich Orchestra Cologne active.^[12]
1842
- Rheinische Zeitung begins publication.
- Central Cathedral Building Society formed.
1848 - Neue Rheinische Zeitung begins publication.
1849 - Population: 94,789 in city; 497,330 in region.^[13]
1850 - Conservatorium der Musik founded.
1853 - Diözesanmuseum founded.
1857 - Hotel du Dome opens.
1859
- Cathedral Bridge built.^[14]
- Köln Hauptbahnhof opens.
1860 - Zoo founded.
1861
- Wallraf-Richartz Museum^[14] and Glockengasse Synagogue built.
- Population: 120,568 in city; 567,435 in region.^[15]
1863 - Hotel Ernst opens.
1864 - Flora park laid out.
1872
- Theater in der Glockengasse built.
- Zimmermann bakery in business.^[16]
1874 - Wolkenburg (Köln) restored.^[1]
1876 - Kölner Stadt-Anzeiger begins publication.
1885
- Population: 239,437.^[1]
- City walls dismantled.^[1]
1888 - Bayenthal, Ehrenfeld, Lindenthal, and Nippes incorporated into city.^[4]
1890 - Public Library established.
1894 - Main station rebuilt.

20th century

Overview of Cologne, April 1945

1900-1945

1900 - Population: 370,685.^[1]
1902 - Theater am Habsburger Ring built.
1904 - Oper der Stadt Köln formed.
1905 - Population: 428,503.^[1]
1906 - Schnütgen Museum founded.
1910
- Kalk and Vingst incorporated into city.^[4]
- Population: 516,527.
1911 - Hohenzollern Bridge built.
1913 - Rheinpark and Köln Messe/Deutz station open.
1914 - Werkbund Exhibition held.^[17]
1917 - Konrad Adenauer becomes mayor.
1919 - Population: 633,904.^[18]
1921 - Jawne school built.
1925 - Population: 705,477.
1926
- Airport opens.
- Kölner Werkschulen established.
1928 - Messeturm Köln built.
1934 - University of Cologne reopens.
1938 - Kristallnacht.
1940 - Bombing begins.
1944 - Ehrenfeld Group executed.
1945 - American troops capture city.

1946-1990s

1946 - Kölnische Rundschau begins publication.
1947
- 27 March: Food protest.^[19]
- Sport University founded.
- Nordwestdeutschen Rundfunk orchestra formed.
1949
- Kölner Stadt-Anzeiger resumes publication.
- Cologne Furniture Fair begins.
1950 - Photokina trade fair begins.
1951 - Cologne Bonn Airport opens.
1954 - Cappella Coloniensis formed.
1955 - Gaffel Haus rebuilt.
1957
- Central Station rebuilt.
- Opera house built.
- Cable Car begins operating.
- City hosts Bundesgartenschau (national horticulture biennial).^[20]
1960
- Stadtwerke Köln established.
- Population: 803,616.
1964
- Express (German newspaper) newspaper begins publication.
- School massacre.
- Forstbotanischer Garten created.
1967 - Kölner Kunstmarkt begins.
1971 - Cologne University of Applied Sciences formed.
1973 - Association of Islamic Cultural Centres headquartered in city.^[21]
1976 - Gebühreneinzugszentrale and Museum Ludwig established.
1977 - Gesellschaft für Anlagen- und Reaktorsicherheit headquartered in city.^[22]
1981 - Colonius tower built.
1983 - Akademie för uns Kölsche Sproch established.
1984
- Centrum Schwule Geschichte established.
- Turkish-Islamic Union for Religious Affairs headquartered in city.^[21]
- Feminale film festival begins.
1985
- Käthe Kollwitz Museum opens.
- St. George's School founded.
1986 - Islamic Council for the Federal Republic of Germany headquartered in city.^[21]
1988 - NS Documentation Center established.
1990 - Academy of Media Arts Cologne established.
1991 - Cologne Conference (television and film festival) and Cologne Comedy Festival begin.
1992 - Cologne Festival of Early Music begins.
1993
- Imhoff-Schokoladenmuseum opens.
- Cologne Business School established.
- Ringfest begins.
1994 - Central Council of Muslims in Germany headquartered in city.^[21]
1996 - Summerjam reggae festival begins.
1998 - Lanxess Arena opens.
1999
- City website online (approximate date).^[23]
- 25th G8 summit held in Cologne.

21st century

2000
- Internationale filmschule köln established.
- Population: 962,884.
2001 - KölnTurm built.
2002 - Köln–Frankfurt high-speed rail line begins operating.
2004 - MediaPark constructed.
2005
- City hosts Catholic World Youth Day.
- Weltstadthaus built.
2006
- International Women's Film Festival Dortmund/Cologne begins.
- KölnTriangle built.
2009 - Jürgen Roters becomes mayor.^[24]
2010 - Population: 1,007,119.

References

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Britannica 1910.
↑ "Chronology of Catholic Dioceses: Germany". Norway: Oslo katolske bispedømme (Oslo Catholic Diocese). Retrieved 30 September 2015.
↑ Albert Gereon Stein (1882), Church of Saint Ursula and Her Companions in Cologne, A. Seche, OCLC 14071164
1 2 3 4 5 Baedeker 1911.
↑ "Central Europe (including Germany), 1400–1600 A.D.: Key Events". Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History. New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art. Retrieved 30 September 2015.
↑ Henri Bouchot (1890). H. Grevel, ed. The book: its printers, illustrators, and binders, from Gutenberg to the present time. London: H. Grevel & Co.
↑ Rathaus (in German), Stadt Köln, retrieved 30 September 2015
↑ Brian P. Levack, ed. (2013). Oxford Handbook of Witchcraft in Early Modern Europe and Colonial America. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-164884-7.
↑ A. V. Williams (1913). Development and Growth of City Directories. Cincinnati, USA.
↑ Hänneschen-Theater Puppenspiele der Stadt Köln. "Geschichte" (in German). Retrieved 10 August 2012.
1 2 Ursula Heinzelmann (2008). "Timeline". Food Culture in Germany. Greenwood Press. ISBN 978-0-313-34495-4.
↑ Colin Lawson, ed. (2003). "Orchestras Founded in the 19th Century (chronological list)". Cambridge Companion to the Orchestra. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-00132-8.
↑ Georg Friedrich Kolb (1862). "Die europaischen Grossmachte: Preussen". Grundriss der Statistik der Völkerzustands- und Staatenkunde (in German). Leipzig: A. Förstnersche Buchhandlung.
1 2 "Cologne", The Rhine from Rotterdam to Constance, Leipsic: Karl Baedeker, 1882, OCLC 7416969
↑ "Prussia". Statesman's Year-Book. London: Macmillan and Co. 1865 – via HathiTrust.
↑ New York Times 2012.
↑ "Germany and Switzerland, 1900 A.D.–present: Key Events". Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History. New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art. Retrieved 30 September 2015.
↑ "Germany: Principal Towns". Statesman's Year-Book. London: Macmillan and Co. 1921 – via HathiTrust.
↑ "March 24-April 6, 1947". Chronology of International Events and Documents. London: Royal Institute of International Affairs. 3. 1947. JSTOR 40545021.
↑ "Bisherige Gartenschauen" [Previous Garden Shows] (in German). Bonn: Deutsche Bundesgartenschau-Gesellschaft. Retrieved 2 December 2013.
1 2 3 4 Hussein Hamdan (2011), Muslime in Deutschland: Geschichte, Gegenwart, Chancen [Muslims in Germany: Past, Present, Prospects] (PDF) (in German), Heidelberg: Zentrum für interkulturelle Kommunikation
↑ "Organizations". International Relations and Security Network. Switzerland: Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich. Retrieved 30 September 2015.
↑ "Stadt Koeln" (in German). Archived from the original on April 1999 – via Internet Archive, Wayback Machine. |archive-url= is malformed: flag (help)
↑ "German mayors". City Mayors.com. London: City Mayors Foundation. Retrieved 15 November 2013.

This article incorporates information from the German Wikipedia.

Bibliography

in English

Thomas Nugent (1749), "Cologne", The Grand Tour, 2: Germany and Holland, London: S. Birt
Monsieur de Blainville (1757), "Cologne", Travels through Holland, Germany, Switzerland, but especially Italy, Translated by Turnbull, London: John Noon
Theodore Alois Buckley (1862), "Cologne", Great Cities of the Middle Ages (2nd ed.), London: Routledge, Warne, & Routledge
"Cologne", Encyclopaedia Britannica (11th ed.), New York, 1910, OCLC 14782424
"Cologne", The Rhine, Leipzig: Karl Baedeker, 1911, OCLC 21888483
"Cologne, Key City of the Rhineland", National Geographic Magazine, Washington DC, 69, 1936
Robert E. Dickinson (1961). "Structure of the German City: Cologne". The West European City (2nd ed.). Routledge. ISBN 978-1-136-25970-8.
John M. Jeep, ed. (2001). "Cologne". Medieval Germany: an Encyclopedia. Garland Publishing. ISBN 0-8240-7644-3.
Jonathan Bikker (2006). "Cologne, the 'German Rome,' in Views by Berckheyde and van der Heyden and the Journals of Seventeenth-Century Dutch Tourists". Simiolus: Netherlands Quarterly for the History of Art. 32. JSTOR 20355338.
Jeffry M. Diefendorf (2008). "Reconciling competing pasts in postwar Cologne". In Gavriel David Rosenfeld; Paul B. Jaskot. Beyond Berlin: Twelve German Cities Confront the Nazi Past. USA: University of Michigan Press. ISBN 978-0-472-11611-9 – via HathiTrust. (fulltext)
E. Rail (29 March 2012). "36 Hours: Cologne, Germany". New York Times.

in German

"Cölln". Topographia Archiepiscopatuum Moguntinensis, Trevirensis et Coloniensis. Topographia Germaniae (in German). Frankfurt. 1646. p. 60+.
Cöln. Die Chroniken der Deutschen Städte (in German). 12-14. Leipzig: S. Hirzel Verlag. 1875–1877 – via HathiTrust.
Karl von Hegel (1891). "Koln". Städte und Gilden der germanischen Völker im Mittelalter (in German). 2. Leipzig: Duncker & Humblot – via HathiTrust.
Paul Clemen, ed. (1906). Kunstdenkmäler der Stadt Koln. Die Kunstdenkmäler der Rheinprovinz (in German). 6. Dusseldorf: Schwann.
P. Krauss; E. Uetrecht, eds. (1913). "Coln". Meyers Deutscher Städteatlas [Meyer's Atlas of German Cities] (in German). Leipzig: Bibliographisches Institut.
Institut für vergleichende Städtegeschichte, eds. (1979), Koln, Deutscher Städteatlas (in German), 2, ISBN 3891150008
Wolfgang Adam; Siegrid Westphal, eds. (2012). "Koln". Handbuch kultureller Zentren der Frühen Neuzeit: Städte und Residenzen im alten deutschen Sprachraum (in German). De Gruyter. pp. 1093–1152. ISBN 978-3-11-029555-9.

External links

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Europeana. Items related to Cologne, various dates.

Coordinates: 50°57′00″N 6°58′00″E / 50.95°N 6.966667°E / 50.95; 6.966667

Years in Germany (1870–present)

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