Tirathaba rufivena

Coconut spike moth
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Class: Insecta
Order: Lepidoptera
Family: Pyralidae
Genus: Tirathaba
Species: T. rufivena
Binomial name
Tirathaba rufivena
(Busck, 1916)[1]
Synonyms
  • Lamoria rufivena Walker, 1864
  • Harpagoneura acrocausta Meyrick, 1897
  • Mucialla fuscolimbalis Snellen, 1900
  • Harpagoneura distorta Turner, 1937
  • Melissoblaptes rufovenalis Snellen, 1880
  • Tirathaba ignivena Hampson, 1917

Tirathaba rufivena, the coconut spike moth, greater coconut spike moth or oil palm bunch moth, is a moth of the family Pyralidae. It is found from south-east Asia to the pacific islands, including Malaysia, the Cook Islands, the Philippines and the tropical region of Queensland.[2] They are considered as a minor pest.

Female
Male

Description

Wingspan is about 26-30mm. Adults have dull green or brown forewings with thin red stripes running from the margin to the base. More or less developed annuli at middle and end of cell connected by a white streak, sometimes with a spot in base of cell also joined by the white streak. The inner margin, vein 1, the interno-median interspace and veins beyond lower angle of cell streaked with crimson. A dark marginal line. The hindwings are plain pale yellow or orange yellow.[3]

Ecology and Attack

The larvae is the agricultural pest that feed on Cocos nucifera, Nypa fruticans, Elaeis guineensis, Musa species, and Phaseolus species. Usually caterpillar attacked male flowers where infestation causes abortion of young, results underdeveloped fruits. Sever attack can wilt the plant and delay plant development. They are not borers, only show external feeding.[4][5]

Control

living specimen

Biological control is the most effective method of controlling both larval and egg stages. Many different strains of parasites and pathogens are used, such as entomoparasitic nematode, Steinernema feltiae. The pathogens such as B. bassiana, and Metarhizium anisopliae are also used in many regions. Agrophylax basifulva, a tachinid fly is a known parasitoid used in Fiji. An ichneumonid Venturia palmaris are experimented in Malaysia, where they attack larva in November and December months.[4]

Other than that, hand picking and other traditional methods are used in many countries.

See also

References

  1. ↑ "tortricidae.com". tortricidae.com. Retrieved 2011-10-18.
  2. ↑ "Australian Insects". Lepidoptera.butterflyhouse.com.au. 2010-11-06. Retrieved 2011-10-18.
  3. ↑ Hampson G. F. (1892). "The Fauna Of British India Including Ceylon And Burma Moths Vol-iv". Digital Library of India. p. 558. Retrieved 4 July 2016.
  4. 1 2 "coconut spike moth (Tirathaba rufivena)". Plantwise Knowledge Bank. Retrieved 6 October 2016.
  5. ↑ "Greater Coconut Spike Moth". Butterfly House. Retrieved 6 October 2016.


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