Manos: The Hands of Fate

For the video game based on the film, see Manos: The Hands of Fate (video game).
Manos: The Hands of Fate

Poster for film showing a gripping hand in the foreground, and a flame between a woman on the left and apparently the same woman on the left. The top of the poster has the word "shocking" in large letters.

Theatrical release poster
Directed by Harold P. Warren
Produced by Harold P. Warren
Written by Harold P. Warren
Starring
  • Tom Neyman
  • John Reynolds
  • Diane Mahree
  • Harold P. Warren
Music by
  • Russ Huddleston
  • Robert Smith Jr.
Cinematography Robert Guidry
Edited by James Sullivan
Production
company
Sun City Films
Distributed by Emerson Film Enterprises
Release dates
  • November 15, 1966 (1966-11-15)
Running time
 70 minutes
Country United States
Language English
Budget $19,000
Manos: The Hands of Fate - Full movie (Unrestored version)

Manos: The Hands of Fate is a 1966 American low-budget horror film written, directed, produced by, and starring Harold P. Warren. It is widely recognized to be one of the worst films ever made. In 1993, the television comedy series Mystery Science Theater 3000 (MST3K), a show based on the premise of mocking B movies, featured Manos: The Hands of Fate, helping the film develop a cult status.[1]

The film's plot revolves primarily around a vacationing family who lose their way on a road trip. After a long drive in the Texas desert, the family is trapped at a lodge maintained by a polygamous pagan cult, and they attempt to escape as the cult's members decide what to do with them. The film is infamous for its technical deficiencies, especially its significant editing and continuity flaws; its soundtrack and visuals not being synchronized; tedious pacing; abysmal acting; and several scenes that are seemingly inexplicable or disconnected from the overall plot, such as a couple making out in a car or The Master's wives breaking out in catfights.[2]

Warren was an insurance and fertilizer salesman from El Paso, Texas, who produced the film as the result of a bet. He also starred in it, alongside El Paso theater actors Tom Neyman and John Reynolds. Manos was an independent production by a crew with little or no background or experience in filmmaking and a very limited budget at its disposal. Upon its theatrical debut, the film was poorly received, playing only at the Capri Theater in El Paso and some drive-ins in West Texas and New Mexico. It remained obscure until its Mystery Science Theater appearance in 1993, which sparked two DVD releases (the original film and the three separate releases of DVDs featuring the MST3K episode of the film).[3] The original 16 mm work print was discovered in California in 2011, from which a new copy of the film, of vastly superior visual quality, was released on Blu-ray by Synapse Films on October 13, 2015.

Plot

While on a road trip near El Paso, Texas, Michael, Margaret, their young daughter Debbie, and their dog, Peppy, search for the "Valley Lodge". Michael and his family finally reach a house which is tended by the bizarre, satyr-like Torgo, who takes care of the house "while the Master is away". Michael and Margaret ask Torgo for directions to the Valley Lodge; Torgo denies having knowledge of such a place. With this information, Michael asks Torgo to let him and his family stay the night, despite objections from both Torgo and Margaret.

Inside the home, the family sees a disturbing painting of a dark, malevolent-looking man and a black dog with glowing eyes; the man it depicts is the Master. Margaret becomes frightened upon hearing an ominous howl; Michael investigates, retrieving a flashlight and revolver from his car, and later finds Peppy lying dead on the ground. Torgo reveals his attraction to Margaret and tells her that, although The Master wants her to become his bride, he intends to keep her for himself. Margaret threatens to tell Michael of Torgo's advances, but Torgo convinces her not to say anything to her husband by promising to protect her. Michael returns, unable to start the car. With the revelation that there is no phone in the house, the family reluctantly decides to stay the night.

Michael and Margaret stumble upon "The Master" and several women dressed in translucent nightgowns and later revealed to be his wives. They are all asleep. Torgo uses a stick to knock out Michael, and then ties Michael to a pole, after dragging him to it, and The Master suddenly comes to life. His wives also awaken, and a short argument over the fate of the family ensues. The Master decides he must sacrifice Torgo and his first wife to the film's mysterious deity and namesake, "Manos." When The Master leaves, his wives engage in further argument that soon degenerates into a fight, and the women wrestle in the sand.

Torgo succumbs to what appears to be a hypnotic spell by The Master. The Master stops the fight, and has his first wife tied to a pole to be sacrificed. Torgo is laid on a stone bed, where he is attacked by The Master's other wives, but this in itself does not prove fatal. Evoking some mysterious power, The Master severs and horribly burns Torgo's left hand. Torgo runs off into the darkness, waving the burning stump that remains. The Master laughs maniacally and goes to look for the family and subsequently sacrifices his first wife.

The family runs off into the desert. When a rattlesnake appears in front of them, Michael shoots it, attracting the attention of nearby deputies. Margaret and Michael are later convinced to return to the Master's house, where the Master welcomes them. Michael fires several shots into The Master's face at point-blank range, but they have no effect. The screen fades to black, likely indicating that The Master has again applied his hypnotic power.

Later, an entranced Michael greets two new lost travelers. Margaret and Debbie have become wives of The Master. The film concludes with Michael echoing Torgo's line of "I take care of the place while the Master is away." The production credits are superimposed over past scenes from the film with the words: "The End?"

Cast

John Reynolds as Torgo

Production

Still film image showing Torgo wearing a jacket, shirt, and pants bulging at the thighs, carrying a walking staff. The character of Torgo was intended to be a satyr and actor John Reynolds wore the metal rigging backwards under his trousers.

Warren was very active in the theater scene in El Paso, Texas, and once appeared as a walk-on for the television series Route 66, where he met screenwriter Stirling Silliphant. While chatting with Silliphant in a local coffee shop, Warren claimed that it was not difficult to make a horror film, and bet Silliphant that he could make an entire film on his own. After placing the bet, Warren began the first outline of his script on a napkin, right inside the coffee shop.[2] To finance the film, Warren accumulated a substantial, but nevertheless insufficient amount of cash, $19,000 (equivalent to $139,000 in 2015), and hired a group of actors from a local theater, many of whom he had worked with before, as well as a modeling agency.[2] Because he was unable to pay the cast and crew any wages, Warren promised them a share in the film's profits.[4][5]

Under both working titles The Lodge of Sins and Fingers of Fate, the movie was filmed in mid-1966. Filming mainly took place on the ranch of Colbert Coldwell, a lawyer who shared an office floor with Warren and who later became a judge in El Paso County. Most of the equipment used for production was rented, so Warren had to rush through as many shots as possible to complete filming before the deadline for returning the equipment.[6] Footage was shot with a 16 mm Bell & Howell camera which had to be wound by hand and thus could only take 32 seconds of footage at a time,[4] resulting in many editing problems present in the final cut.[7] Rather than using double-system recording, all sound effects and dialogue were dubbed later in post-production, done by only a handful of people, including Warren, Tom Neyman, Reynolds, Jennings and Warren's wife, Norma.[4][8] Later during production, Warren renamed the film Manos: The Hands of Fate.[4] The word "manos" is Spanish for "hands", meaning that the title literally translates to the tautological Hands: The Hands of Fate. Warren's small crew became so bemused by his amateurishness and irascibility that they derisively called the film Mangos: The Cans of Fruit behind his back.[4][6][9]

During filming, Warren knew that presenting Diane Mahree as the Texas Beauty Queen would generate good publicity for his movie. He signed Mahree up for a regional West Texas beauty pageant that would lead to Miss Texas and then to the Miss America pageant, but he neglected to tell her about it until she was accepted as an entrant. She went along with it, and soon found herself onstage as one of the finalists.

Warren contracted with a modeling agency to provide the actresses who would play the Master's wives, including Joyce Molleur. Molleur broke her foot early in production, so to keep her in the film, Warren rewrote the script to include a young couple making out in a car on the side of the road who are seemingly completely incidental to the film's plot.[4][10]

A frame of a man and woman kissing in a convertible sports car; the clapperboard is visible in the edge of the frame
This scene shows a failure to edit out the clapperboard, which was momentarily visible for a few frames on the right side of the image.

To portray his character Torgo as a satyr, John Reynolds wore a metallic rigging under his trousers made out of wire coat hangers and foam by costar Tom Neyman.[4][6] Reynolds unintentionally wore them backwards, meaning the effect conveyed made him look nothing like a satyr and more like a man with oversized knees who had difficulty walking.[11][12] No one ever corrected Reynolds' mistake on-set.[13] Fake cloven hooves should also have been part of Reynolds' satyr costume, but he is instead clearly shown wearing boots in several scenes, which can even be seen in the Mystery Science Theater 3000 version. The film's dialogue never mentions the fact that Torgo is a satyr, and none of the characters seem to notice anything unusual about his appearance.[4]

Warren decided to shoot night-for-night scenes, because many of the cast and crew also held day jobs.[5] In many of the night scenes, the camera and lights attracted swarms of moths, which can be seen in the film's final production.[14] In the scene in which the cops "investigate" Mike's gunfire, they could walk only a few feet forward, because there was not enough light to illuminate the scenery for a panning shot,[4] creating the unintentionally amusing impression that the officers hear the gunfire, step out of their car, consider investigating but then give up and leave before making a proper check of the scene.

Post-production efforts were minimal, despite promises made to Warren by crew members that any problems in the film would be fixed in later editing.[4][6][15] One of the more visible examples of this is a brief moment at the beginning of the film in which the clapperboard is visible after a cut to the "make-out couple."[11][12] The entire nine-minute opening sequence, which consisted of the main characters driving around looking for their hotel with minimal dialogue or effect on the plot, was the result of such neglect: Warren had likely intended to include opening credits over these shots, but either forgot to add them or did not have the post-production budget to do so.[16]

John Reynolds, the actor who played Torgo, committed suicide by shooting himself in the head with a shotgun on October 16, 1966,[17] a month before the film was to premiere.[4] Reynolds was 25; Manos would be his only film appearance.
Torgo Suite
A brief arrangement of the "haunting" Torgo theme from the film, by Russ Huddleston and Robert Smith, Jr.
Problems playing this file? See media help.

Reception

The film premiered at the Capri Theater in Warren's hometown of El Paso, Texas on November 15, 1966 as a benefit for the local cerebral palsy fund.[18][19] Warren arranged for a searchlight to be used at the cinema,[4] and for the cast to be brought to the premiere by a limousine, in order to enhance the Hollywood feel of the event. Warren could afford only a single limousine, however, and so the driver had to drop off one group, then drive around the block and pick up another.[20] Jackey Neyman-Jones, who played Debbie and was 7 years old at the time, remembered weeping in disappointment at the premiere, particularly when another woman's (dubbed) voice came out of her mouth onscreen.[21] The following day, a review of the film was featured in the El Paso Herald-Post, which described the film as a "brave experiment." It criticized some elements, such as the attempted murder of Torgo by being "massaged to death" by The Master's wives, and Margaret's claim of "It's getting dark" while she stands in front of a bright midday sun.[18] The review nonetheless noted Reynolds' screen presence by crediting him as the film's "hero".

Following the premiere, Warren claimed that he felt Manos was the worst film ever made, even though he was proud of it,[3] and he suggested that it might make a passable comedy if it were to be re-dubbed.[4] The film was briefly distributed by Emerson Film Enterprises. Following its debut, the film had a brief theatrical run at the Capri Theater, as well as a few screenings at various drive-in theaters in West Texas and New Mexico towns, including Las Cruces.[22] Reports that the only crew members who were compensated for their work in the film were Jackey Neyman and her family's dog, who received a bicycle and a large quantity of dog food, respectively, would seem to indicate that even with its extremely low budget, the film failed to break even financially.[4][15] Official box office figures for the film are unknown, if indeed they ever existed. Although the film received poor reception, Warren did win his bet against Stirling Silliphant, proving that he was capable of creating an entire film on his own.[8]

The majority of the cast and crew never appeared in another film following Manos. Warren attempted to pitch another script he had written called Wild Desert Bikers, but with the failure of Manos, no one he approached showed any interest in producing it.[6] Attempts to turn the screenplay into a novel were equally unsuccessful.[3]

Obscurity

Following these few local screenings, Manos was almost entirely forgotten. When Jackey Neyman attended the University of California, Berkeley, her friends unsuccessfully made an effort to track down a copy of the film.[15] A 1981 newspaper article by cinematographer Bob Guidry's ex-wife Pat Ellis Taylor[6] reports the film may have appeared on a local television station, and that it was "listed at the bottom of a page in a film catalogue for rent for $20."[22] The film re-surfaced through a 16 mm print, presumably from this television package, which was introduced into the home video collecting market by a number of public domain film suppliers. One of these suppliers was ultimately the one that offered the film to Comedy Central, after which it found its way into a box of films sent to Frank Conniff in 1992, when he chose Manos as one of the films to be shown on Mystery Science Theater 3000.[8]

Mystery Science Theater 3000 and RiffTrax

Photo of a man in giving a presentation to an audience in front of a theatrical curtain
Frank Conniff chose Manos to be featured on Mystery Science Theater 3000 in 1992.

The film was featured in the season four finale of Mystery Science Theater 3000 (MST3K) on January 30, 1993, preceded by the second half of the short Chevrolet training film Hired!. The "bots" (Tom Servo and Crow) used the long uneventful drive at the beginning of the film to repeat its title numerous times, as there was yet to be any action to heckle. During the host segment breaks, Joel and the "bots" mocked the film's opening sequence, debated whether Torgo should be considered a monster, and impersonated "The Master" and his dog. At one point during their sketches, both bots broke down sobbing due to the poor quality of the movie, which was beyond even their attempts at making it interesting. After the film had finished, the slow-moving Torgo, played by Mike Nelson, appeared at the lair of Dr. Clayton Forrester and TV's Frank to deliver a pizza two hours after it was ordered.[23] Torgo would also be featured in the later episodes Operation Double 007 (where he finally brings the Mr. Pibb that Dr. Forrester and Frank had ordered in this episode), Village of the Giants, Danger!! Death Ray, and Samson vs. The Vampire Women, when he appeared as "Torgo the White" to bring Frank to "Second Banana Heaven".[24][25] Both Forrester and Frank were shown apologizing for showing the film, which they admitted was abysmal and went beyond even their acceptable limits for torturing Joel and the bots.[23]

Selection of Manos for the show is credited to Frank Conniff, who also played TV's Frank; Conniff was generally in charge of pre-screening and pre-selecting films sent to them by Comedy Central, the show's network at the time, and Manos was a random tape that he had pulled from a recent batch they had been sent. He felt the movie "seemed like it was maybe a crime against humanity, but you couldn’t be sure" and "has an atmosphere, a vibe" that made it appropriate for the show.[26][27] The Manos episode has been described as one of the best of the MST3K series by Entertainment Weekly[3] and CraveOnline,[28] and the MST3K episode is credited with bringing to light the otherwise obscure film, even though it led to the film being considered one of the worst films made at user polls at the Internet Movie Database.[29][30][31] During a Q&A session at the 2008 San Diego Comic-Con International, a question was put to the cast and writers of MST3K about any film they passed on that was worse than Manos, and many cited the film Child Bride.[32]

Manos has also been riffed on by Rifftrax, consisting of MST3K alumni Mike Nelson, Kevin Murphy and Bill Corbett, during a live show on August 16, 2012.[33] This was a live event simulcast in film theaters across the United States on August 16.[34] While Nelson and Murphy were part of the cast when MST3K riffed on Manos, neither their fellow Rifftrax star Bill Corbett nor their writers were involved in the original episode; the riffing was all new jokes, using a cleaner print of the original Manos, allowing them to joke about things not obvious in the original television episode.[35]

Popularity as a cult film

A woman (left) and a man (right) looking towards the right
Frame from a public domain DVD release, depicting Harold P. Warren and Diane Mahree.
A woman (left) and a man (right) looking towards the right, the head of a child can be seen at the bottom of the image, this is not visible in the preceding image
The same frame from the workprint discovered in 2011.

The MST3K episode featuring the film was released on DVD on its own in 2001, and in the Mystery Science Theater 3000 Essentials collection in 2004.[36][37]

A DVD of the original version of Manos has also been made available through Alpha Video,[38] which also released original versions of other "MST-ed" films such as Teenagers from Outer Space and Eegah.[39] In attempting to explain the film's appeal, the Los Angeles Times hypothesized, "After screening Manos for probably the 10th time, I've concluded it has to do with intimacy. Because it is such a pure slice of Warren's brain – he wrote, directed, produced and starred, and brooked no collaboration – Manos amounts to the man's cinematically transfigured subconscious."[40] Manos buff Bobby Thompson put it more succinctly: "It's like a train wreck; you just can't take your eyes off it."[3] Shout! Factory released a special edition of the film which includes both the MST3K and uncut versions called Manos y Manos [sic].[41]

Manos holds a 0% rating on Rotten Tomatoes based on 13 reviews.[42] The book Hollywood's Most Wanted lists Manos as the #2 in the list of "The Worst Movies Ever Made," following Plan 9 from Outer Space.[43] Entertainment Weekly proclaimed Manos "The Worst Movie Ever Made."[2] The scene in which the seven-year-old Debbie is dressed as one of the Master's wives was included in a list of "The Most Disgusting Things We've Ever Seen" by the Mystery Science Theater 3000 crew.[44]

Four comedy stage adaptations of the film have been made. The first, by Last Rites Productions, was given in Portland, Oregon in early 2006.[45] The second, a musical titled Manos: Rock Opera of Fate by the New Millennium Theatre Company, was launched in Chicago in October 2007.[46] The third, a puppet musical titled Manos – The Hands of Felt, was performed by Puppet This in Seattle in April 2011.[47] After raising funds with a Kickstarter campaign in May 2013, Manos – The Hands of Felt was performed again in Seattle by Vox Fabuli Puppets in August 2013 and filmed for DVD release.[48][49] The fourth, by Capital I Productions, took place in Portland, Oregon in April 2013.[50]

In March 2008, the How I Met Your Mother episode "Ten Sessions" featured main character Ted Mosby arguing that Manos is the worst film ever made, even when compared to Plan 9 from Outer Space. The show featured a brief discussion of the film, and a condensed, 12-second screening of the film as part of a two-minute date.[51]

In November 2008, a 27-minute documentary film about Manos was released on DVD, titled Hotel Torgo.[52]

In March 2015, the murderers on the Elementary episode "T-Bone And The Iceman" used the physical features of Torgo (portrayed by John Reynolds) to compose a fake facial composite to get the NYPD off their trail. It worked for a while before they were caught, due to the character of Dr. Joan Watson having recognized Torgo's features from the film. The film’s editor, James Sullivan, was the namesake of one of the characters in the episode.[53]

Restoration

In 2011, the original 16mm Ektachrome camera workprint of Manos: The Hands of Fate was discovered in a collection of 16 mm films by Ben Solovey, a Florida State film school grad. Solovey announced his intention to preserve and restore Manos for a Blu-ray release.[54][55][56] Solovey financed the restoration via crowd funding website Kickstarter, raising $48,000 (nearly five times the initial goal). A 90% finished print was premiered at the El Paso Plaza Theatre, not far from where the original premiere was held in 1966.[21] The new restoration premiered on Blu-Ray on October 13, 2015 with an unrestored version ("Grindhouse") as one of the bonus features.[57]

Manos: The Hands of Fate is generally believed to be in the public domain because director Hal Warren failed to include a copyright symbol in the film; for films of this time, failure to include the copyright symbol disqualified the film for copyright within the United States, a situation that occurred with Night of the Living Dead. When news broke of Solovey's restoration, the son of Hal Warren, Joe Warren, started exploring the possibility that the film was in fact not in the public domain, seeking to avoid others from profiting from his father's work. Warren discovered in 2013 that the script had been copyrighted and registered in the Library of Congress, and he believes that this copyright also applies to the film. No precedent exists for this case so the legal status of the film is uncertain. Solovey applied copyright on his restored version, an action that Warren believes is unenforceable, though at this point has not saught any legal action against Solovey.[26]

Sequels

Manos: The Search for Valley Lodge

In 2010, writer/director Rupert Talbot Munch, Sr. began work on "Manos: The Search for Valley Lodge". Tom Neyman (in a cameo reprising his role as The Master), his daughter Jackey Neyman-Jones (reprising her role as Debbie), Diane Mahree (reprising the role of Margaret), and Bernie Rosenblum (who played a teenage boy in the original film) were involved in initial filming. Others engaged to appear included World Wrestling Entertainment star Gene Snitsky, former WWE diva and Playboy centerfold Maria Kanellis, and UFC fighter Ryan "Big Deal" Jimmo. Munch himself was to play the role of Torgo.[58]

In 2013, Neyman-Jones left the project after disagreements with Munch,[59] and by the end of 2014, the project was reported to have been scrapped.[60]

Manos: The Rise of Torgo

In 2011, a project to produce a prequel entitled the "Manos: The Rise of Torgo" was undertaken. David Roy (producer of the 2014 film "Cheeseballs") was announced as the writer and director, and cast members were to include Neyman-Jones (playing Manos, the evil deity). As of November 2016, the film is in the final stages of post-production.[61]

Manos Returns

Jackey Neyman-Jones, who played Debbie in the original film, launched a Kickstarter campaign in February 2016 to make a sequel to Manos, entitled Manos Returns. According to Neyman-Jones, the sequel was not to be a recreation of Manos, but instead a "tongue-in-cheek" film that is set within the Manos storyline; Neyman-Jones described the planned product as being both funny and scary, along the lines of Cabin in the Woods or Abbott and Costello Meet Frankenstein.[62][63][64]

The Kickstarter goal of $24,000 was reached on February 24, 2016, and filming began thereafter. The film stars Neyman-Jones, reprising her role as Debbie, and her father Tom Neyman, reprising his role of The Master. Original cast member Diane Mahree was also reported to be reprising her role as Margaret. Neyman-Jones and director Tonjia Atomic shot the film in western Oregon and planned to release the film on November 15, 2016, the 50th anniversary of Manos's original release. However, three days before the planned release, and with the film in post-production,[65] the release was delayed owing to the unexpected death of Tom Neyman, at age eighty.[66]

Video game adaptation

A video game based on the film for iOS systems was released in 2012. A Microsoft Windows port and Android port were later released.

See also

References

  1. ↑ "Mystery Science Theater 3000 - Manos: Hands of Fate (1992)". Rotten Tomatoes. Retrieved 2013-08-06.
  2. 1 2 3 4 Ross, Dalton (June 6, 2005). "The Worst Movie Ever Made". Entertainment Weekly. p. 1. Retrieved 2006-11-04.
  3. 1 2 3 4 5 Ross, Dalton (June 6, 2005). "The Worst Movie Ever Made". Entertainment Weekly. p. 5. Retrieved 2006-11-04.
  4. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 Brandt, Richard (May 1996). "The Hand That Time Forgot". Mimosa. pp. 35–38. Retrieved 2006-08-17.
  5. 1 2 Ross, Dalton (June 6, 2005). "The Worst Movie Ever Made". Entertainment Weekly. p. 2. Retrieved 2006-11-04.
  6. 1 2 3 4 5 6 "424 – Manos, The Hands of Fate". Daddy-O's Drive-In Dirt. Retrieved 2007-04-23.
  7. ↑ Walker, Albert (August 25, 2002). "'Manos' The Hands of Fate (1966) Recap". The Agony Booth. p. 1. Retrieved 2007-04-24.
  8. 1 2 3 Ross, Dalton (June 6, 2005). "The Worst Movie Ever Made". Entertainment Weekly. p. 4. Retrieved 2006-11-04.
  9. ↑ "Interview with Tom Neyman". Manos Podcast - Talk to the Hand. Retrieved 2015-10-11.
  10. ↑ Walker, Albert (2002-08-25). "'Manos' The Hands of Fate (1966) Recap". TheAgonyBooth.com. p. 5. Retrieved 2007-04-24.
  11. 1 2 Walker, Albert (2009-09-13). "'Manos' The Hands of Fate (1966) Recap". The Agony Booth. p. 2. Retrieved 2007-04-24.
  12. 1 2 "'Manos' The Hands of Fate". I-Mockery.com. Retrieved 2007-04-24.
  13. ↑ Ross, Dalton (2005-06-10). "The Worst Movie Ever Made". Entertainment Weekly.
  14. ↑ "Manos, The Hands of Fate". BadMovies.org. March 30, 2003. Retrieved 2007-04-24.
  15. 1 2 3 Brandt, Richard (August 2003). "Growing Up 'Manos'". Mimosa. pp. 42–43. Retrieved 2007-04-24.
  16. ↑ Fashingbauer Cooper, Gael (August 13, 2012). "Torgo lives! 'Mystery Science' alums revisit worst movie ever, 'Manos: The Hands of Fate'". NBC News. Retrieved March 4, 2013.
  17. ↑ John M. Reynolds, Jr. certificate of death, Texas state file #72646
  18. 1 2 Pierce, Betty (November 11, 1966). "Hero Massaged to Death in 'Manos—The Hands of Fate'". El Paso Herald-Post. Retrieved 2008-02-19.
  19. ↑ El Paso Herald Post. November 12, 1966.
  20. ↑ Ross, Dalton (June 6, 2005). "The Worst Movie Ever Made". Entertainment Weekly. p. 3. Retrieved 2006-11-04.
  21. 1 2 Doug Pullen, Horrifyingly bad, lovingly restored: El Paso-made "Manos: The Hands of Fate" stars at Plaza Classic El Paso Times, Retrieved 2012-08-13
  22. 1 2 Taylor, Pat Ellis. "The Story of Manos, The Hands of Fate". Horror Fan Zine. Retrieved 2009-08-03.
  23. 1 2 "SEASON FOUR: 1992–1993". Satellite News. Retrieved 2007-04-24.
  24. ↑ "SEASON FIVE: 1993–1994". Satellite News. Retrieved 2007-04-24.
  25. ↑ "SEASON SIX: 1994–1995". Satellite News. Retrieved 2007-04-24.
  26. 1 2 Rossen, Jake (September 24, 2015). "The Battle for the Worst Movie Ever". Playboy. Retrieved November 25, 2016.
  27. ↑ Biese, Alex (March 20, 2015). "Frank Conniff shares 'Mystery Science Theater 3000' memories". Ashbury Park Press. Retrieved November 25, 2016.
  28. ↑ Bibbiani, William (November 25, 2015). "Happy Turkey Day - The Best 15 MST3K Episodes Ever". Crave. Retrieved February 23, 2016.
  29. ↑ Dillon-Trenchard, Pete (July 4, 2012). "Looking back at Mystery Science Theatre 3000". Den of Geek. Retrieved December 3, 2015.
  30. ↑ Blevins, Joe (September 25, 2015). "Read this: The battle over the infamous cult classic Manos: The Hands of Fate". A.V. Club. Retrieved December 3, 2015.
  31. ↑ Rossen, Jake (September 24, 2015). "The Battle Over the Worst Movie Ever". Playboy. Retrieved December 3, 2015.
  32. ↑ Conaton, Chris (August 7, 2008). "Comic-Con 2008: Bigger Than Ever, But Does That Mean Better?". PopMatters. Retrieved 2009-09-13.
  33. ↑ Sampo, on February 27th, 2012 (2012-02-27). "News from RiffTrax… « Satellite News". Mst3kinfo.com. Retrieved 2013-08-06.
  34. ↑ RiffTrax Live: "Manos" The Hands of Fate
  35. ↑ Cooper, Gael Fashingbauer (2012-08-13). "Torgo lives! 'Mystery Science' alums revisit worst movie ever, 'Manos: The Hands of Fate'". NBC News. Retrieved 2012-08-13.
  36. ↑ "Mystery Science Theater 3000: Manos, The Hands Of Fate". DVDreview.com. November 19, 2001. Retrieved 2007-04-25.
  37. ↑ Henderson, Eric (August 21, 2004). "Mystery Science Theater 3000: The Essentials". Slant Magazine. Retrieved 2007-04-24.
  38. ↑ "Manos The Hands of Fate". Oldies.com. Retrieved 2006-11-01.
  39. ↑ "Teenagers From Outer Space". Oldies.com. Retrieved 2006-11-01.
  40. ↑ Neil, Dan (August 7, 2005). "Why We Love Bad Movies". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 2009-09-11.
  41. ↑ "Mstie Mall". http://www.mst3k.com/. Retrieved 2011-09-26. External link in |work= (help)
  42. ↑ "Manos, The Hands of Fate (1966)". Rotten Tomatoes. Retrieved 2016-08-26.
  43. ↑ Connor, Floyd (2002). Hollywood's Most Wanted: The Top 10 Book of Lucky Breaks, Prima Donnas, Box Office Bombs, and Other Oddities. Dulles, Virginia: Brassey's, Inc. p. 221.
  44. ↑ Beaulieu, Trace; et al. (1996). The Mystery Science Theater 3000 Amazing Colossal Episode Guide. New York: Bantam Books. ISBN 0-553-37783-3.
  45. ↑ Hallett, Alison (January 26, 2006). ""Manos" The Hands of Fate". The Portland Mercury. Retrieved 2006-10-31.
  46. ↑ Lowery, Tim (October 11, 2007). "Manos: Rock Opera of Fate". Time Out Chicago. Retrieved 2009-09-13.
  47. ↑ Irwin, Jay (April 3, 2011). "BWW Reviews: MANOS – THE HANDS OF FELT". Broadway World dot com Seattle. Retrieved 2011-04-24.
  48. ↑ "Manos - The Hands of Felt". Kickstarter. Retrieved 16 September 2016.
  49. ↑ Hamlin, Andrew. "Manos: The Hands of Fate, Part Deux". The Seattle Star. Retrieved 16 September 2016.
  50. ↑ Hughley, Marty (2013-04-05). "Blitzen Trapper's Brian Adrian Koch drags infamous "Manos: the Hands of Fate" from film to stage". The Oregonian. Retrieved 2015-04-15.
  51. ↑ Cain, Tim (2008-03-24). "How I Met Your Britney". Herald & Review. Decatur, Illinois. Retrieved 2009-09-11.
  52. ↑ Hotel Torgo (2004) imdb.com accessed 22-09-14
  53. ↑ Valentine, Genevieve (2015-03-13). "Elementary: "T-Bone And The Iceman"". A.V. Club. Retrieved 2015-03-13.
  54. ↑ "'Manos: The Hands Of Fate': Carefully Restoring The Opposite Of A Masterpiece". NPR 'Monkey See' Blog. Retrieved 2011-12-13.
  55. ↑ "Why I'm Saving 'Manos: The Hands of Fate'". ManosinHD.com. Retrieved 2011-12-13.
  56. ↑ Hanks, Herny (2012-01-05). "Restoring the worst movie ever made". CNN. Retrieved 2012-02-08.
  57. ↑ "Manos: The Hands of Fate". October 13, 2015 – via Amazon.
  58. ↑ "The Master Would Like You to See Manos: The Search for Valley Lodge". Retrieved 2016-11-24.
  59. ↑ "Debbie's Manos". Retrieved 2016-11-24.
  60. ↑ "MANOS Sequel Canned, But Torgo May Live On In A Prequel". Retrieved 2016-11-24.
  61. ↑ "Manos The Rise of Torgo". Retrieved 2016-11-24.
  62. ↑ "MANOS Returns". Kickstarter. Retrieved 2016-02-04.
  63. ↑ "Falls City residents work to bring Manos back". www.polkio.com. Retrieved 2016-02-04.
  64. ↑ Cooper, Gael Fashingbauer (2016-02-23). "Worst movie ever, take two! 'Manos' star raising funds for comedic sequel". CNet. Retrieved 2016-02-23.
  65. ↑ Vanderbilt, Mike (2016-11-14). "R.I.P Tom Neyman, "The Master" from Manos: The Hands Of Fate". The AV Club. Retrieved 2016-11-18.
  66. ↑ https://twitter.com/JackeyRayeJones/status/799644840803741696
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