Truncated dodecadodecahedron
| Truncated dodecadodecahedron | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Type | Uniform star polyhedron |
| Elements | F = 54, E = 180 V = 120 (χ = −6) |
| Faces by sides | 30{4}+12{10}+12{10/3} |
| Wythoff symbol | 2 5 5/3 | |
| Symmetry group | Ih, [5,3], *532 |
| Index references | U59, C75, W98 |
| Dual polyhedron | Medial disdyakis triacontahedron |
| Vertex figure |  4.10/9.10/3 |
| Bowers acronym | Quitdid |
In geometry, the truncated dodecadodecahedron is a nonconvex uniform polyhedron, indexed as U59. It is given a Schläfli symbol t0,1,2{5/3,5}. It has 120 vertices and 54 faces: 30 squares, 12 decagons, and 12 decagrams. The central region of the polyhedron is connected to the exterior via 20 small triangular holes.
The name truncated dodecadodecahedron is somewhat misleading: truncation of the dodecadodecahedron would produce rectangular faces rather than squares, and the pentagram faces of the dodecahedron would turn into truncated pentagrams rather than decagrams. However, it is the quasitruncation of the dodecadodecahedron, as defined by Coxeter, Longuet-Higgins & Miller (1954).[1] For this reason, it is also known as the quasitruncated dodecadodecahedron.[2] Coxeter et al. credit its discovery to a paper published in 1881 by Austrian mathematician Johann Pitsch.[3]
Cartesian coordinates
Cartesian coordinates for the vertices of a truncated dodecadodecahedron are all the triples of numbers obtained by circular shifts and sign changes from the following points (where is the golden ratio):
Each of these five points has eight possible sign patterns and three possible circular shifts, giving a total of 120 different points.
As a Cayley graph
The truncated dodecadodecahedron forms a Cayley graph for the symmetric group on five elements, as generated by two group members: one that swaps the first two elements of a five-tuple, and one that performs a circular shift operation on the last four elements. That is, the 120 vertices of the polyhedron may be placed in one-to-one correspondence with the 5! permutations on five elements, in such a way that the three neighbors of each vertex are the three permutations formed from it by swapping the first two elements or circularly shifting (in either direction) the last four elements.[4]
Related polyhedra
Medial disdyakis triacontahedron
| Medial disdyakis triacontahedron | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Type | Star polyhedron |
| Face |  |
| Elements | F = 120, E = 180 V = 54 (χ = −6) |
| Symmetry group | Ih, [5,3], *532 |
| Index references | DU59 |
| dual polyhedron | Truncated dodecadodecahedron |
The medial disdyakis triacontahedron is a nonconvex isohedral polyhedron. It is the dual of the uniform truncated dodecadodecahedron.
See also
References
- ↑ Coxeter, H. S. M.; Longuet-Higgins, M. S.; Miller, J. C. P. (1954), "Uniform polyhedra", Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series A. Mathematical and Physical Sciences, 246: 401–450, doi:10.1098/rsta.1954.0003, JSTOR 91532, MR 0062446. See especially the description as a quasitruncation on p. 411 and the photograph of a model of its skeleton in Fig. 114, Plate IV.
- ↑ Wenninger writes "quasitruncated dodecahedron", but this appear to be a mistake. Wenninger, Magnus J. (1971), "98 Quasitruncated dodecahedron", Polyhedron Models, Cambridge University Press, pp. 152–153.
- ↑ Pitsch, Johann (1881), "Über halbreguläre Sternpolyeder", Zeitschrift für das Realschulwesen, 6: 9–24, 72–89, 216. According to Coxeter, Longuet-Higgins & Miller (1954), the truncated dodecadodecahedron appears as no. XII on p.86.
- ↑ Eppstein, David (2008), "The topology of bendless three-dimensional orthogonal graph drawing", in Tollis, Ioannis G.; Patrignani, Marizio, Proc. 16th Int. Symp. Graph Drawing, Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 5417, Heraklion, Crete: Springer-Verlag, pp. 78–89, arXiv:0709.4087
, doi:10.1007/978-3-642-00219-9_9.
- Wenninger, Magnus (1983), Dual Models, Cambridge University Press, ISBN 978-0-521-54325-5, MR 730208