Academic genealogy of theoretical physicists

The following is an academic genealogy of theoretical physicists and is constructed by following the pedigree of thesis advisors. If an advisor did not exist, or if the field of physics is unrelated, an academic genealogical link can be constructed by using the university from which the theoretical physicist graduated.

The academic genealogy tree lists the physicists' PhD^[1] (or in some cases BA/MA)^[2] date and school, if known. Nobel Prize winners are indicated by ^†. If physicists are advised by mathematicians, their genealogy can be readily traced using the Mathematics Genealogy Project.

Founding fathers

Max Planck

Max Planck^† (Munich, 1879 under Alexander von Brill)
- Max von Laue^† (Berlin, 1903)
  - Leo Szilard (Berlin, 1922)
- Gustav Hertz^† (Berlin, 1911)
- Walter Schottky (Berlin, 1912)
- Walther Bothe^† (Berlin, 1914)

Albert Einstein

Albert Einstein^† (Zurich, 1905 under Alfred Kleiner; Einstein was an undergraduate disciple of Hermann Minkowski, see below)
- Ernst Straus (Columbia, 1950)^[3]

Arnold Sommerfeld

Arnold Sommerfeld (Königsberg, 1891 under Ferdinand von Lindemann, see below)
- Peter Debye^† (Munich, 1908)
- Wilhelm Lenz (Munich, 1911)
  - Ernst Ising (Hamburg, 1924)
  - J. Hans D. Jensen^† (Hamburg, 1932)
    - Berthold Stech (Heidelberg, 1951)
      - Matthias Neubert (Heidelberg, 1990)
    - Hans-Arwed Weidenmüller (Heidelberg, 1957)
      - Eric Lutz (Heidelberg, 1999)
        Sebastian Deffner (Augsburg, 2011)
        
        Andreas Dechant (Berlin, 2014)
        
        Obinna Abah (Erlangen, 2015)
  - Hans-Jürgen Borchers (Hamburg, 1956)
- Paul Peter Ewald (Munich, 1912)
  - Achilles Papapetrou (Stuttgart, 1935)
    - Hans-Jürgen Treder (Humboldt University of Berlin, 1956)
    - Rodolfo Gambini (Paris VI, year unknown)
- Gregor Wentzel (Munich, 1921)
  - Markus E. Fierz (Zurich, 1936)
    - Klaus Hepp (Zurich, 1963; also under Res Jost)
      - Jürg Fröhlich (Zurich, 1972)
      - Konrad Osterwalder (1970, Zurich; also under Res Jost)
    - Sergio Albeverio (Zurich, 1967; also under Res Jost)
    - Frans Cerulus (Basel, 1954)
      - Raymond Gastmans (Leuven, 1968)
        Antoine Van Proeyen (Leuven, 1978)
  - Felix Villars (Zurich, 1946)
    - Frank Tabakin (MIT, 1963)
      - T.-S. H. Lee (Pittsburgh, 1973)
        Christopher G. Fasano (Chicago, 1989)
      - Cetin Savkli (Pittsburgh, 1996)
  - Res Jost (Zurich, 1946)
- Wolfgang Pauli^† (Munich, 1921)
  - Nicholas Kemmer (Zurich, 1935; also under Gregor Wentzel)
    - Ron Shaw (1955, Cambridge)^[4]
    - Paul Taunton Matthews (Cambridge, 1950)
    - Richard Dalitz (Cambridge, 1950)
      - Stanley Mandelstam (Birmingham, 1956; also under Paul Matthews)
        Joseph Polchinski (Berkeley, 1980)
        
        Charles Thorn (Berkeley, 1971)
      - W. Noel Cottingham (UAB, 1960)
        Anne-Christine Davis (Bristol, 1975)
        João Magueijo (Cambridge, 1994)
    - Abdus Salam^† (Cambridge, 1951; also under Paul Matthews, see below)
- Linus Pauling^† (PhD, Caltech, 1925; post-doctoral studies in Munich)
- Hans A. Bethe^† (Munich, 1928)
  - Freeman Dyson (grad student at Cornell in 1947; no PhD)
  - David Thouless (Cornell, 1958)
    - J. Michael Kosterlitz (DPhil, Oxford, 1969; post-doctoral studies in Birmingham)
  - John Irwin (Cornell, 1963)
  - Roman Jackiw (Cornell, 1966; co-adv. Kenneth G. Wilson, see below)^[5]
    - Rohana Wijewardhana (MIT, 1984)
    - Stefano Forte (MIT, 1987)^[5]
      - Joan Rojo (U Barcelona; co-adv. José Ignacio Latorre)
    - Daniel Kabat (MIT, 1993)^[5]
  - Robert Eugene Marshak (Cornell, 1939)
  - Gordon L. Shaw (Stanford, 1959)
    - Pran Nath (Stanford, 1964)
- Paul Sophus Epstein (Munich, 1914)
  - Boris Podolsky (Caltech, 1928)
- Werner Heisenberg^† (Munich, 1923)
  - Felix Bloch^† (Leipzig, 1928)
  - Rudolph E. Peierls (Leipzig, 1929)^[6]
    - Fred Hoyle (Cambridge, year unknown)
      - Cyril Domb (Cambridge, 1949)
        Michael Fisher (King's College London, 1957)
        David Robert Nelson (Cornell, 1975)
        
        Gunduz Caginalp (Cornell, 1978)
    - John Bell (Birmingham, 1956; co-adv. Paul Matthews)
    - Edwin Ernest Salpeter (Birmingham, 1948)
    - Wladyslaw (Wladek) Swiatecki (Birmingham, 1950)^[7]
      - Joseph I. Kapusta (University of California, Berkeley, 1978)^[8]
    - Samuel W. MacDowell (Birmingham, 1958)
    - John F. Reading (Birmingham, 1964)^[6]
  - Edward Teller (Leipzig, 1929)
    - Marvin Leonard Goldberger (Chicago, 1948; co-adv. Enrico Fermi, see below)
      - Franz Gross (Princeton,1963)
    - Chen Ning Yang^† (Chicago, 1948; co-adv. Enrico Fermi)
    - Marshall Rosenbluth (Chicago, 1949)
    - Lincoln Wolfenstein
  - Hans Kastrup
    - Thomas Thiemann (Aachen, 1994)
    - Martin Bojowald (Aachen, 2000)
  - Reinhard Oehme (Göttingen, 1951)
  - Friedwardt Winterberg (Göttingen, 1955)
  - Peter Mittelstaedt (Göttingen, 1956)
    - Julian Barbour (Cologne, 1968)
- Karl Bechert (Munich, 1925)
- Herbert Fröhlich (Munich, 1930)
  - Sigurd Zienau (Liverpool, 1954)
    - Hugh Osborn (London, 1967)
      - Ian Jack (Cambridge, 1982)
      - Richard D Ball (Cambridge, 1986)
    - Paul Davies (London, 1970)
      - Edmund Copeland (Newcastle, 1985)
  - Sebastian Doniach (Liverpool, 1958)
- Walter Franz (Munich, 1934)
  - L Tewordt (Munster, 1953)
    - Uwe Brandt (Hamburg, 1969)
      - H Leschke (Dortmund, 1975)
- Heinrich Welker (Munich, 1936)

Max Born

Max Born^† (Berlin, 1880 under Carl Runge, see below)
- Friedrich Hund (Göttingen, 1922)
  - Carl Friedrich von Weizsäcker (Leipzig, 1933)
    - Karl-Heinz Höcker (Berlin, 1940)
  - Harry Lehmann (Jena, 1950)
    - Bert Schroer (Hamburg, 1963)
      - Bernd A. Berg (Berlin, 1977)
    - Klaus Pohlmeyer (Hamburg, 1966)
      - Karl-Henning Rehren (Freiburg, 1984)
  - Heinz Bilz (Frankfurt, 1958)^[9]
  - Dieter Langbein (Frankfurt, 1958)
- Lothar Wolfgang Nordheim (Göttingen, 1923)
- Maria Goeppert-Mayer^† (Göttingen, 1930)
- Pascual Jordan (Göttingen, 1924)
  - Jürgen Ehlers (Hamburg, 1958)
  - Wolfgang Kundt (Hamburg, 1958)
    - Rainer Walter Kühne (Bonn, 1995)
- Max Delbrück^† (Göttingen, 1930)
  - Carsten Bresch (Berlin, 1950)
- Siegfried Flügge (Göttingen, 1933)
  - Achim Weiguny (Freiburg, 1963)
  - Gerhard Vollmer (Freiburg, 1971)
- J. Robert Oppenheimer (Göttingen, 1927)
  - Melba Phillips (Berkeley, 1933)
  - Sidney Dancoff (Berkeley, 1936)
    - Sidney Drell (Urbana, 1949)
      - Steven Frautschi (Stanford, 1958)
        Roger Dashen (Caltech, 1964)
        
        Stephen D. Ellis (Caltech, 1971)
        David Callaway (University of Washington, 1981)
        Randall Furlong (Rockefeller, 1987)
  - Willis Lamb^† (Berkeley, 1938)
    - Marlan Scully (Yale, 1965)
      - Mikhail Lukin (Harvard, 1998)
  - Philip Morrison (Berkeley, 1940)
  - Robert Christy (Berkeley, 1941)
  - David Joseph Bohm (Berkeley, 1943)^[10]
    - Yakir Aharonov (Bristol, 1960)^[10]
- Victor Frederick Weisskopf (Göttingen, 1931) (Born was formally advisor, but thesis work was done under co-advisor Eugene Wigner—see below—as Born was sick)^[11]
  - J. D. Jackson (MIT, 1949)
    - Gordon L. Kane (Illinois U., Urbana, 1963)
      - David R. Richards (University of Michigan, 1971)
      - Howard Haber (University of Michigan, 1978)
        Marco Diaz (UC Santa Cruz, 1992)
        
        Heather Logan (UC Santa Cruz, 1999)
      - Chien-Peng Yuan (University of Michigan)
        Csaba Balazs (Michigan State University, 1999)
        
        Timothy M. P. Tait (Michigan State University, 1999)
      - J. Lorenzo Diaz-Cruz (University of Michigan, 1989)
      - Robert Garisto, (University of Michigan, 1992)
      - James D. Wells (University of Michigan, 1995)
        Brandon Murakami (UC Davis, 2002)
        
        Shrihari Gopalakrishna (UC Davis, 2002)
      - Christopher Kolda (University of Michigan, 1995)
      - Graham Kribs (University of Michigan, 1998)
      - Lian-Tao Wang (University of Michigan, 2002)
  - F. L. Friedman (MIT, 1949)
    - William Tobocman (MIT, 1953)
      - Anthony J. Baltz (Case Western Reserve, 1971)
  - Murray Gell-Mann^† (MIT, 1951)^[12]
    - Kenneth G. Wilson^† (Caltech, 1961)^[12]
      - Michael Peskin (Cornell, 1978)^[13]
        Emil Martinec (Cornell, 1984)
        
        Matthew J. Strassler (Stanford, 1993)
        
        Jonathan L. Feng (Stanford, 1995)
      - Paul Ginsparg (Cornell, 1981)
    - Sidney R. Coleman (Caltech, 1962)^[12]
      - Leonard Parker (Harvard, 1967)
      - Stephen B. Fels (Harvard, 1968)
      - Arnold J. Cantor (Harvard, 1970)
      - David J. Griffiths (Harvard, 1970)^[14]
      - John E. Mansfield (Harvard, 1970)
      - Anthony Zee (Harvard, 1970)
      - Lawrence R. Thebaud (Harvard, 1971)
      - Wu-Yang Tsai (Harvard, 1971; co-adv. Julian Schwinger, see below)
        William Daniel Phillips^†
        
        David E. Pritchard
      - Erick J. Weinberg (Harvard, 1973)
        Kimyeong Lee (Columbia, 1987)
      - James P. Butler (Harvard, 1974)
      - H. David Politzer^† (Harvard, 1974)^[15]
      - Eldad Gildener (Harvard, 1975)
      - Ian K. Affleck (Harvard, 1975)^[16]
        Edward Witten (PhD, Princeton (1976) under David J. Gross, see below; post-doctoral studies in Harvard (1976–77) under Sidney Coleman and Oxford (1977–78) under Michael Atiyah—see below)
      - Frank De Luccia (Harvard, 1979)
      - Lee Smolin (Harvard, 1979; co-adv. Stanley Deser)^[15]
        Viqar Husain (Yale, 1989)
        
        Seth Major (Penn State, 1997)
        
        Eli Hawkins (Penn State, 1999)
        
        Mohammad Ansari (Waterloo, 2008)
      - Gerald E. Sobelman (Harvard, 1979)
      - Stephen Parke (Harvard, 1980)
      - Fred Posner (Harvard, 1980)
      - Bernard Grossman (Harvard, 1981)
      - Gregory W. Moore (Harvard, 1985)
      - Jacques Distler (Harvard, 1987)^[15]
      - John March-Russell (Harvard, 1990; co-adv. Frank Wilczek, see below)
      - Stelios M. Smirnakis (Harvard, 1997)
      - Nathan Salwen (Harvard, 2001)
    - James Hartle (Caltech, 1964)
    - Rodney Crewther (Caltech, 1971)
    - Christopher T. Hill (Caltech, 1977)
    - Barton Zwiebach (Caltech, 1983)^[12]
  - Kerson Huang (1953, MIT)
- Herbert S. Green (Edinburgh, 1947)
  - Ian Ellery McCarthy (Adelaide, 1956)
- Cheng Kaijia (Edinburgh, 1948)

Niels Bohr

Niels Bohr^† (Copenhagen, 1911 under Christian Christiansen)
- Hans Kramers (Leiden, 1919)
  - Tjalling Koopmans^† (Leiden, 1936)
  - Frederik Belinfante (Leiden, 1939)
    - Jiaxian Deng (Purdue University, 1950; co-advised by Dirk ter Haar)
  - Dirk ter Haar (Leiden, 1948)
    - Anthony James Leggett^† (Oxford, 1964)
      - Amir Caldeira (University of Sussex, 1980)
      - Jan Engelbrecht (Urbana-Champaign, 1993)
- Lev Landau (postgraduate disciple of Bohr at the Niels Bohr Institute, see below)

Lev Landau

Lev Landau^† (diploma, Leningrad State University, 1927; he was a pupil of Niels Bohr (see above) during his graduate studies at the Niels Bohr Institute in 1930–31;^[17] Leningrad Physico-Technical Institute, D.Sc., 1934, advisor unknown)
- Alexei Alexeyevich Abrikosov^† (Institute for Physical Problems, 1951)
- Aleksander Ilyich Akhiezer (Kharkiv Polytechnical University, 1936)
  - Sergey S. Sannikov (Kharkiv Institute of Physics and Technology, 1963)
    - Marcoen Cabbolet (Vrije Universiteit Brussel, 2011)
  - Michail Petrovich Rekalo (Kharkiv Institute of Physics and Technology, 1968)
    - Steven Duplij (Kharkiv National University, 1983)
- Boris L. Ioffe
  - Mikhail A. Shifman
- Lev Petrovich Pitaevskii (Institute for Physical Problems, 1962)^[18]

Hermann von Helmholtz

Hermann von Helmholtz (Berlin, 1842 under Johannes Peter Müller)
- Heinrich Friedrich Weber (PhD, Jena, 1865; post-doctoral studies at Berlin (1871–74) under Hermann von Helmholt)
- Henry Augustus Rowland (bachelor's at Rensselaer, 1870; graduate studies at Berlin (1875–76) under Hermann von Helmholt;^[19]^[20]^[21] no PhD^[22])
  - Edwin Hall (Johns Hopkins, 1880)^[22]
  - Harry Fielding Reid (Johns Hopkins, 1885)
    - Charles E. Mendenhall (Johns Hopkins, 1898)
      - Raymond Thayer Birge (Wisconsin-Madison, 1913)
        Edward Condon (Berkeley, 1926)
    - Frederick A. Saunders (Johns Hopkins, 1898)
  - Joseph Sweetman Ames (Johns Hopkins, 1890)^[22]
    - August Herman Pfund (Johns Hopkins, 1906)^[22]
      - Richard Threlkeld Cox (Johns Hopkins, 1924)^[22]
      - Haldan Keffer Hartline^† (M.D. Johns Hopkins, 1927)^[22]
    - William F. Meggers (Johns Hopkins, 1917)
      - Otto Laporte (Munich, 1924)
      - Curtis J. Humphreys (Michigan, 1928)
    - Gregory Breit (Johns Hopkins, 1921)
      - Charles Kittel (Wisconsin-Madison, 1941)
        Albert Overhauser (Berkeley, 1951)
        Henry Ehrenreich (Cornell, 1955)
        Lawrence M. Schwartz (Harvard, 1971)
        
        Kathryn Liebermann Levin (Harvard, 1971)
        Costas Soukoulis (Chicago, 1978)
        
        Charles Daniel Gelatt (Harvard, 1974)
        
        Jacquelyn Ann Weiss (Harvard, 1975)
        
        Leendert Marinus Huisman (Harvard, 1979)
        
        Anders Carlsson (Harvard, 1981)
        
        David Ling (Harvard, 1981)
        
        Kenneth Hass (Harvard, 1984)
        
        Brond Larson (Harvard, 1988)
        
        John Joseph Hopfield (Cornell, 1958)
        Bertrand Halperin (Berkeley, 1965)
        Daniel S. Fisher (Harvard, 1979)
        
        Catherine Kallin (Harvard, 1984)
        
        Steven H. Simon (Harvard, 1995)
        
        Yaroslav Tserkovnyak (Harvard, 2003)
        
        Edward Charles McIrvine (Cornell, 1959)
        
        Lonnie Van Zandt (Harvard, 1964)
        
        Morrel H. Cohen (Berkeley, 1952)
        James C. Phillips (Chicago, 1956)
        Marvin L. Cohen (Chicago, 1964)
        John D. Joannopoulos (Berkeley, 1974)
        Robert B. Laughlin^† (MIT, 1979)
        
        David H. Vanderbilt (MIT, 1981)
        
        Rodrigo B. Capaz (MIT, 1996)
        
        Shanhui Fan (MIT, 1998)
        
        Steven G. Johnson (MIT, 2001)
        
        Evan J. Reed (MIT, 2003)
        
        Michelle L. Povinelli (MIT, 2004)
        
        James R. Chelikowsky (Berkeley, 1975)
        
        Steven Gwon Sheng Louie (Berkeley, 1976)
        Che-Ting Chan (Berkeley, 1985)
        
        Kai-Ming Ho (Berkeley, 1978)
        
        Jisoon Ihm (Berkeley, 1980)
        
        Pabitra N. Sen (Chicago, 1972)
        
        David L. Johnson (Chicago, 1974)
        
        Alan M. Portis (Berkeley, 1953)
        Alan J. Heeger^† (Berkeley, 1961)
        
        N. Phuan Ong (Berkeley, year unknown)
        
        Raymond L. Orbach (Berkeley, 1960)
        Gerald B. Arnold (UCLA, 1977) (co-adv. Theodore David Holstein)
    - Frederick Sumner Brackett (Johns Hopkins, 1922)
- Heinrich Hertz (PhD, Berlin, 1880)
- Wilhelm Wien (PhD, Berlin, 1886)
- Arthur Gordon Webster (Berlin, 1890)
  - Albert Potter Wills (Clark, 1897)
    - Isidor Isaac Rabi^† (Columbia, 1927)^[23]
      - Julian Schwinger^† (Columbia, 1939)^[23]^[24]
        Roy Glauber^† (Harvard, 1949)
        
        Walter Kohn^† (Harvard, 1948)
        
        Bryce DeWitt (Harvard, 1950)^[24]
        Donald Marolf (Texas, 1992)
        
        Michael Lieber (Harvard, 1959)
        
        Abraham Klein (Harvard, 1950)
        Benjamin W. Lee (University of Pennsylvania, 1960)
        Burt Ovrut (PhD, Chicago, 1978)
        
        Gordon Baym (Harvard, 1960)
        
        Ben R. Mottelson^† (Harvard, 1950)
        Torleif Erik Oskar Ericson (Lund U., 1959)
        
        Luís María Garrido Arilla (1955)^[24]
        
        Charles M. Sommerfield (Harvard, 1957)^[24]
        Howard Georgi (Yale, 1971)^[25]
        Edward Farhi (Harvard, 1978)
        
        John Hagelin (Harvard, 1981)
        
        Lawrence J. Hall (Harvard, 1981)
        Steve Hsu (Berkeley, 1991)
        
        Nima Arkani-Hamed (Berkeley, 1997)
        Thomas Gregoire (Berkeley, 2003)
        
        Sally Dawson (Harvard, 1981)
        
        David B. Kaplan (Harvard, 1985)
        
        Lisa Randall (Harvard, 1987)
        Csaba Csáki (1997)
        
        Matthew D. Schwartz (Princeton, 2003)
        
        Andrew G. Cohen
        
        Ann Nelson
        David E. Kaplan (U. Washington, 1999)
        
        Lawrence Paul Horwitz (Harvard, 1954)
        Stuart Raby (Tel Aviv, 1976)
        Tomas Blazek (Ohio State, 1996)
        
        Arash Mafi (Ohio State, 2001)
        
        Radovan Dermisek (Ohio State, 2002)
        
        Sheldon Lee Glashow^† (Harvard, 1959)^[24]
        
        Lowell S. Brown (Harvard, 1961)^[26]
        
        Kalyana T. Mahanthappa (Harvard, 1961)^[27]
        
        Norman J. M. Horing (Harvard, 1964)^[28]
        
        Wu-Yang Tsai (Harvard, 1971; co-adv. Sidney Coleman, see above)
      - Norman Foster Ramsey, Jr.^† (Columbia, 1940)
        Fritz Rohrlich (Harvard, 1948)^[29]
        Robert E. Pugh (Iowa, 1963)
        Nathan Isgur (Toronto, 1974)
        Simon Capstick (Toronto, 1986)
        
        Eric S. Swanson (Toronto, 1991)
        Olga Lakhina (Pittsburgh, 2006)
        
        Pok Man Lo (Pittsburgh, 2011)
      - Martin Lewis Perl^† (Columbia, 1955)
        Samuel Chao Chung Ting^† (Michigan, 1962; also advised by Lawrence W. Jones)

Mayflower branches

Enrico Fermi

Enrico Fermi^† (Laurea, Pisa, 1922 under Luigi Puccianti)^[30]
- James Rainwater^† (1946, Manhattan Project)
- Chen Ning Yang^† (Chicago, 1948; co-adv. Edward Teller)^[31]
- Jack Steinberger^† (Chicago, 1948)
  - Eric L. Schwartz (Columbia, 1973)
- Geoffrey Chew (Chicago, 1948)^[30]^[31]
  - David J. Gross^† (Berkeley, 1966)^[31]
    - Frank Wilczek^†^[32]
      - John March-Russell (Harvard, 1990; co-advisor Sidney Coleman, see above)
      - Chetan Nayak (Princeton, 1996)
      - Finn Larsen (Princeton, 1996)
      - Maulik K. Parikh (Princeton, 1998)
    - Edward Witten (PhD, Princeton, 1976; post-doctoral studies in Harvard (1976–77) under Sidney Coleman—see above—and Oxford (1977–8) under Michael Atiyah—see below)
      - Jonathan Bagger (1983, Princeton)
      - Cumrun Vafa (1985, Princeton)
      - Xiao-Gang Wen (1987, Princeton)
      - Dror Bar-Natan (1991, Princeton)
      - Shamit Kachru (1994, Princeton)
      - Eva Silverstein (1996, Princeton)
      - Sergei Gukov (2001, Princeton)
  - John H. Schwarz (Berkeley, 1966)
    - Anthony Ichiro Sanda (Princeton, 1969)
    - Cosmas Zachos (Caltech, 1979)
    - Michael R. Douglas (Caltech, 1988)
    - Gerald B. Cleaver (Caltech, 1993)
      - John T. Perkins (Baylor, 2005)
      - Matthew B. Robinson (Baylor, 2009)
    - Augusto Sagnotti (Caltech, 1983)
- Tsung-Dao Lee^† (Chicago, 1950)^[30]^[31]
  - Richard J. Drachman (Columbia, 1958)
  - Norman H. Christ (Columbia, 1966)
  - Carl E. Carlson (Columbia, 1968)
  - King Yuen B. Ng (Columbia, 1969)
  - Ralph Linsker (Columbia, 1972)
  - Oleg Tchernyshyov (Columbia, 1998)
- Willem Van Rensselaer Malkus (Chicago, 1950)^[30]
- Sam Treiman (Chicago, 1952; co-advisor John Simpson)^[33]
  - Stephen L. Adler (1964)^[33]
  - Curtis Callan (1964)^[33]
    - Peter Woit (Princeton, 1985)
    - Igor R. Klebanov (1986)
      - Steven S. Gubser (1998)
    - Juan Maldacena (1996, Princeton)
  - Steven Weinberg^† (Princeton, 1957)^[33]
    - Lay Nam Chang (UC Berkeley, 1967)
    - Claude Bernard (Harvard, 1976)^[34]
    - John Preskill (Harvard, 1980)
      - Alexios Polychronakos (Caltech, 1987)
      - Elias Kiritsis (Caltech, 1988)
    - Bob Holdom (Harvard 1981)
      - John Terning (Toronto 1990)
    - Gerald Gilbert (Texas, 1986)
    - Fernando Quevedo (Texas, 1986)
    - Scott S. Willenbrock (Texas, 1986)
      - Zack Sullivan (Urbana-Champaign 1998)
    - Ubirajara van Kolck (Texas, 1993)
    - Rafael Lopez-Mobilia (Texas, 1995)
  - Kazuo Fujikawa (Princeton, 1970)

Friedrich Hasenöhrl

Friedrich Hasenöhrl (Vienna, 1897 under Franz S. Exner)
- Erwin Schrödinger^† (Vienna, 1910)
- Hans Thirring (Vienna, 1911)
  - Walter E. Thirring (Vienna, 1925)
    - Mario Bunge (UNLP, 1952)
  - Walter E. Thirring (Vienna, 1949)
    - Peter G. O. Freund (Vienna, 1960)
      - Hsiung Chia Tze (Chicago, 1972)
      - Jorge Crispim Romão (Chicago, 1979)
      - Rafael I. Nepomechie (Chicago, 1982)
      - James T. Wheeler (Chicago, 1986)
- Karl Herzfeld (Vienna, 1914)
  - Walter Heitler (Munich, 1926)
  - John A. Wheeler (Johns Hopkins, 1933)
    - Richard P. Feynman^† (Princeton, 1942)
      - George Zweig (Caltech, 1963)
      - Thomas Curtright (Caltech, 1977)
      - Stephen Wolfram (Caltech, 1979)
    - Arthur Wightman (Princeton, 1949)
      - Arthur Jaffe (Princeton, 1966)
        Clifford Taubes (Harvard, 1980)
      - Lawrence Schulman (Princeton, 1967)
      - Jerrold Marsden (Princeton, 1968)
      - Barry Simon (Princeton, 1970)
      - Rafael de la Llave (Princeton, 1983)
    - Hugh Everett (Princeton, 1956)
    - Charles Misner (Princeton, 1957)
    - John R. Klauder (Princeton, 1959)
    - Kip Thorne (Princeton, 1965)
      - William H. Press (Caltech, 1973)
        Stephon Alexander (Harvard, 1983; co-adv. Arthur Jaffe)
      - Saul Teukolsky (Caltech, 1973)
    - Robert Geroch (Princeton, 1967)
      - Abhay Ashtekar (Chicago, 1974)
    - Jacob D. Bekenstein (Princeton, 1972)
    - Claudio Bunster (Princeton, 1973)
    - Norbert Straumann (Zurich, 1961)
      - Ruth Durrer (Zurich, 1988)

Eugene Wigner

Eugene Wigner^† (Berlin, 1925 under Michael Polanyi)
- Victor Weisskopf (Göttingen, 1931; co-adv. Max Born, see above)
- John Bardeen^† (Princeton, 1936)
  - John Robert Schrieffer^† (Illinois, 1957)
- Edwin Thompson Jaynes (Princeton, 1948)
- Abner Shimony (Princeton, 1962)
- Marcos Moshinsky

Hideki Yukawa

Hideki Yukawa^† (Kyoto, 1938 under Kajuro Tamaki)
- Donald R. Yennie
  - Stanley J. Brodsky (Minnesota, 1964)
    - Peter LePage (Stanford, 1978)
    - Jonathan Sapirstein (Stanford, 1979)
  - Thomas W. Appelquist (Cornell, 1968)
    - J. Terrance Goldman (Harvard, 1973)
    - Michael Dine (Yale, 1978)
    - Anthony Carmine Longhitano (Yale, 1981)
    - Dimitra Karabali (Yale, 1986)
    - Piotr Karasinski (Yale, 1987)
    - Daniel Joseph Nash (Yale, 1989)
    - Tatsu Takeuchi (Yale, 1989)
    - Opher Shapira (Yale, 1990)
    - George Triantaphyllou (Yale, 1993)
    - Myckola Schwetz (Yale, 1997)
    - Zhiyong Duan (Yale, 2001)
    - Ho-Ung Yee (Yale, 2003)
    - Yang Bai (Yale, 2007)
  - Geoffey T. Bodwin (Cornell, 1978)
- Masako Bando (Kyoto, 1966)

Modern European and other branches

Ralph H. Fowler

Ralph H. Fowler^† (MA, Cambridge, 1915 under Archibald Vivian Hill)^[35]
- Paul Adrien Maurice Dirac^† (DPhil, Cambridge, 1926)^[35]
  - Richard J. Eden (Cambridge 1951; co-adv. Werner Heisenberg)
    - Michael B. Green (Cambridge, 1970)
  - John C. Polkinghorne (Cambridge, 1955; co-adv. Abdus Salam)^[35]
    - Tom Kibble (University of Edinburgh, 1958)^[35]
      - Seifallah Randjbar-Daemi (Imperial College,1980)^[35]
        Rula Tabbash (ISAS, 2001)^[35]
      - Mark B. Hindmarsh (Imperial College, 1986)
        Dimitris P. Skliros (University of Sussex, 2011)
    - Ian Gibson Halliday (Cambridge, 1964)
      - Gerald V. Dunne (Imperial, 1988)
  - Dennis W. Sciama (Cambridge, 1953)
    - George Ellis (Cambridge, 1964)
      - Jeff Murugan (Cape Town)
        Nitin Rughoonauth (Cape Town, 2014)
    - Antony Valentini (ISAS, 1992)
      - Roy Maartens (Cape Town, 1980)
    - Stephen Hawking (Cambridge, 1966)
      - Malcolm Perry (Cambridge, 1978)
        Tibra Ali (Cambridge, 2002)
    - Martin John Rees (Cambridge, 1967)
      - Roger Blandford (Cambridge, 1974)
    - Brandon Carter (Cambridge, 1968)
      - Patrick Peter (Paris, 1991)
      - Xavier Martin (Paris, 1995)
      - Reinhard Prix (Paris, 2000)
      - Nicolas Chamel (Paris, 2004)
    - Gary Gibbons (Cambridge, 1973)
    - James Binney (Oxford, 1975)
      - Brian Greene (Oxford, 1987; co-adv. Graham G. Ross)
    - John D. Barrow (Oxford, 1977)
    - David Deutsch (Oxford, 1978)
- Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar^† (Trinity College, Cambridge, 1933)
  - Jeremiah P. Ostriker (Chicago, 1964)
- Garrett Birkhoff
- Maurice Pryce
  - John Clive Ward
- Noel B. Slater
- John Lennard-Jones

Abdus Salam

Abdus Salam^† (Cambridge, 1951 under Nicholas Kemmer and Paul Matthews, see above)^[36]
- Ron Shaw (Cambridge, 1955)^[36]
- John C. Polkinghorne (Cambridge, 1955;^[36] co-adv. Paul Adrien Maurice Dirac)
- John Moffat (Cambridge, 1958)^[36]
- Yuval Ne'eman (Imperial College London, 1961)^[36]
- Ray Streater (Imperial College London, 1960)^[36]
- Christopher Isham (Imperial College London, 1969)
  - Fotini Markopoulou (Imperial College London, 1998)
- Michael Duff (U. London, 1972)^[36]
- Ali Chamseddine (Imperial College, 1976)^[36]
- William R. Franklin (U. London, 1976)^[36]
- Riazuddin (NUST, 1959)^[36]

Léon Van Hove

Léon Van Hove (Université libre de Bruxelles, 1946 under Théophile de Donder)
- Martinus Veltman^† (Utrecht, 1963)
  - Peter van Nieuwenhuizen (Utrecht, 1971)
    - Mark Fischler (SUNY Stony Brook, 1979)
    - Ergin Sezgin (SUNY Stony Brook, 1980)
      - Igor Rudychev (Texas A&M, 2001)
      - Ali Kaya (Texas A&M, 2001)
      - Der-Chyn Jong (Texas A&M, 2007)
    - Leonardo Castellani (SUNY Stony Brook, 1982)
    - Shoucheng Zhang (SUNY Stony Brook, 1987)
    - Anna Ceresole (SUNY Stony Brook, 1989)
    - Kostas Skenderis (SUNY Stony Brook, 1996)
  - Gerardus 't Hooft^† (Utrecht, 1972)
    - Herman Verlinde (Utrecht, 1988)
    - Robbert Dijkgraaf (Utrecht, 1989)
  - Bernard de Wit (Utrecht, 1973)
    - Erik Verlinde (Utrecht, 1988)
      - Miranda Cheng (Amsterdam, 2008; also under Kostas Skenderis)

Ancient lineages

The Max Born academic genealogy leads to Carl Friedrich Gauss and then on to Otto Mencke and ultimately to Friedrich Leibniz.

The Sommerfeld genealogy leads to Felix Klein and then to Otto Mencke via Gauss and Gottfried Leibniz. The Leibniz heritage, however, is due to the premature death of Klein's advisor, Julius Plücker, which forced a second supervisor for the final examination, namely Rudolf Lipschitz.

Another advisor line in continental Europe descends from Leibniz via—among others—Poisson, Lagrange, the Bernoullis, and Euler. The Leibniz lineage proceeds from Johannes von Gmunden.

The lineage of the two main American branches (the Henry Augustus Rowland branch and the Arthur Gordon Webster branch—see above) proceeds via Hermann von Helmholtz from Gerard van Swieten—and his mentor Herman Boerhaave—and ultimately from Jacques Dubois and Jacques Lefèvre d'Étaples.

Otto Mencke

Otto Mencke (colleague of Gottfried Leibniz^[37]—see below; PhD, Leipzig, 1666 under Jakob Thomasius (MA, Leipzig, 1643), a disciple of Friedrich Leibniz (MA, Leipzig, 1622), the father or Gottfried Leibniz)
- Johann Christoph Wichmannshausen^[37] (PhD, Leipzig, 1685)
  - Christian August Hausen^[37] (Dr.phil., Wittenberg, 1713)
    - Abraham Kästner^[37] (PhD, Leipzig, 1739)
      - Georg Lichtenberg (Dr.phil., Göttingen, 1765)
        Heinrich Wilhelm Brandes (Dr.phil., Göttingen, 1800; also advised by Kästner)
      - Johann Tobias Mayer (Dr.phil., Göttingen, 1773; also advised by Lichtenberg)
        Enno Heeren Dirksen (Dr.phil., Göttingen, 1820; also advised by Bernhard Friedrich Thibaut)
        Carl Gustav Jacob Jacobi (PhD, Berlin, 1825)
        Otto Hesse (Dr.phil., Königsberg, 1840)
        Gustav Kirchhoff (Dr. phil., Königsberg, 1847)
        Loránd von Eötvös (PhD, Heidelberg, 1870)
      - Johann Friedrich Pfaff (Dr.phil., Göttingen, 1786)
        Carl Friedrich Gauss (PhD, Helmstedt, 1799)
        Friedrich Wilhelm Bessel (distant—via mail; honorary doctorate, Göttingen, 1810)
        Heinrich Scherk (PhD, Berlin, 1823; also advised by Brandes)
        Ernst Kummer (PhD, Halle, 1831)
        
        Christian Ludwig Gerling (Dr.phil., Göttingen, 1812)
        Julius Plücker (PhD, Marburg, 1823)
        C. Felix Klein (Dr.phil., Bonn, 1868; also advised by Rudolf Lipschitz—see below—the last year)
        Ferdinand von Lindemann (PhD, 1873, Erlangen)
        Arnold Sommerfeld (Dr.phil., Königsberg, 1891; see above)
        
        David Hilbert (Dr.phil., Königsberg, 1885)
        
        Martin Kutta (Dr.phil., Munich, 1900)
        
        Hermann Minkowski (Dr.phil., Königsberg, 1885; Minkowski was one of Albert Einstein's undergraduate teachers, see above)
        
        Christoph Gudermann (Lehrerexamen, Göttingen, 1823; honorary doctorate, Berlin, 1832)
        Karl Weierstrass (honorary doctorate, Königsberg, 1854)
        Carl Runge (Dr.phil., Berlin, 1880; also advised by Kummer)
        Max Born^† (Dr.phil., Göttingen, 1906; see above)

Erhard Weigel

Erhard Weigel (MA, Leipzig, 1650 under the physicist Philipp Müller; Dr.phil.hab., Leipzig, 1652^[38] under unknown supervisor)
- Gottfried Leibniz (Erhard Weigel was Leibniz's academic advisor in mathematics (summer school, Jena, 1663); Leibniz was also advised by Jakob Thomasius (BA in philosophy, Leipzig, 1662 advisor), Bartholomäus Leonhard von Schwendendörffer (Dr.jur., Altdorf, 1666 advisor), and Christiaan Huygens (mathematics and physics advisor); Leibniz was also MA in philosophy, Leipzig, 1664, LL.B., Leipzig, 1665, and Dr.phil.hab., Leipzig, 1666 under unknown supervisor; Leibniz was a colleague of Otto Mencke^[37]—see above)
  - Jacob Bernoulli (distant—via mail; also influenced by Nicolas Malebranche; two doctorates: Theol.Dr., Basel, 1676 under Peter Werenfels and Dr.phil.hab., Basel, 1684 (advisor unknown))
    - Johann Bernoulli (Dr.med., Basel: published in 1690, submitted in 1694)
      - Leonhard Euler (PhD, Basel, 1726)
        Joseph-Louis Lagrange (distant, via mail; also advised by Giovanni Battista Beccaria)
        Siméon Poisson (diploma, École Polytechnique, Palaiseau, 1800; also advised by Pierre-Simon Laplace)
        Michel Chasles (diploma, École Polytechnique, Palaiseau, 1814)
        Gaston Darboux (diploma, École Normale Supérieure, Paris, 1866)
        
        Joseph Fourier (diploma, École Normale Supérieure, year unknown)
        Peter Gustav Lejeune Dirichlet (honorary doctorate, Bonn, 1827; also advised by Poisson)
        Leopold Kronecker (Dr.phil., Berlin, 1845; also advised by Johann Franz Encke, a student of Gauss—see above)
        
        Rudolf Lipschitz (Dr.phil., Berlin, 1853)
        C. Felix Klein (Dr.phil., Bonn, 1868; also advised by Julius Plücker—see above)

Isaac Barrow

Isaac Barrow (MA, Cambridge, 1652 under James Duport; also influenced by Gilles Personne de Roberval< and Vincenzo Viviani)
- Isaac Newton (MA, Cambridge, 1668)
  - Roger Cotes (MA, Cambridge, 1706)
    - Robert Smith (MA, Cambridge, 1715)
      - Walter Taylor (MA, Cambridge, 1723)
        Stephen Whisson (MA, Cambridge, 1742)
        Thomas Postlethwaite (MA, Cambridge, 1756)
        Thomas Jones (MA, Cambridge, 1782; co-mentor John Cranke, see below)
        Adam Sedgwick (MA, Cambridge, 1811; co-mentor John Dawson)
        William Hopkins (MA, Cambridge, 1830)
        William Thomson, Lord Kelvin (BA, Cambridge, 1845)
        
        Peter Guthrie Tait (BA, Cambridge, 1852)
        
        George Gabriel Stokes (MA, Cambridge, 1841)
        
        Francis Galton (MA, Cambridge, 1847)
        
        Isaac Todhunter (MA, Cambridge, 1848)
        
        James Clerk Maxwell (MA, Cambridge, 1854)
        Horace Lamb (BA, Cambridge, 1872)^[39]
        
        Edward John Routh (MA, Cambridge, 1857; co-mentor Isaac Todhunter)
        John Strutt, Lord Rayleigh^† (MA, Cambridge, 1868)
        J. J. Thomson^† (MA, Cambridge, 1883; co-mentor John Strutt)
        William Henry Bragg^† (MA, Cambridge, 1885)
        William Lawrence Bragg^† (MA, Cambridge, 1912)
        
        Charles Thomson Rees Wilson^† (BA, Cambridge, 1892)
        
        Ernest Rutherford^† (MA, Canterbury, 1893; graduate studies at Cambridge; DSc, New Zealand, 1900)
        Edward Victor Appleton^† (MA, Cambridge, 1913; co-mentor J. J. Thomson)
        
        Henry DeWolf Smyth (DPhil, Cambridge, 1923)
        Rubby Sherr (PhD, Princeton, 1938)
        Charles Glashausser (PhD, Princeton)
        Robert Kaita (PhD, Princeton)
        Gregory Hammett (PhD, Princeton)
        
        Kenneth Bainbridge (PhD, Princeton, 1929)
        Edward Mills Purcell^† (PhD, Harvard)
        Nicolaas Bloembergen^† (PhD, Leiden, 1948; graduate studies at Harvard)
        Peter Pershan (PhD, Harvard, 1960)
        
        George Pake (PhD, Harvard, 1948)
        
        Charles Pence Slichter (PhD, Harvard, 1949)
        
        Owen Willans Richardson^† (ScD, London, 1904)
        Clinton Davisson^† (PhD, Princeton, 1911)
        
        Karl Taylor Compton (PhD, Princeton, 1912)
        
        Charles Glover Barkla^† (Liverpool alumnus. c. 1899; advanced studies at Cambridge)
        
        Francis William Aston^† (Birmingham alumnus. c. 1903; advanced studies at Cambridge)
        
        George Paget Thomson^† (Cambridge alumnus, c. 1914)
        Ishrat Hussain Usmani (PhD, London, 1939)

John Cranke

John Cranke (MA, Cambridge, 1774, mentor unknown)
- Thomas Jones (MA, Cambridge, 1782; co-mentor Thomas Postlethwaite, see above)
  - Adam Sedgwick (MA, Cambridge, 1811; co-mentor John Dawson)
    - William Hopkins (MA, Cambridge, 1830)
      - Arthur Cayley (BA, Cambridge, 1842)
        Andrew Russell Forsyth (BA, Cambridge, 1881)
        Edmund Taylor Whittaker (BA, Cambridge, 1895)
        William Vallance Douglas Hodge (BA, Edinburgh, 1923)
        Michael Atiyah (DPhil, Cambridge, 1955)
        Nigel James Hitchin (DPhil, Oxford, 1972; co-adv. Brian Steer)
        
        Edward Witten (PhD, Princeton (1976) under David J. Gross, see above; post-doctoral studies in Harvard (1976–77) under Sidney Coleman—see above—and Oxford (1977–78) under Michael Atiyah)
        
        Simon Donaldson (DPhil, Oxford, 1983; co-adv. Nigel James Hitchin)

Notes and references

↑ In most of Europe, all fields (history, philosophy, social sciences, mathematics and natural philosophy/natural sciences) other than theology, law, and medicine (the so-called professional, vocational, or technical curriculum) were traditionally known as philosophy (see Sooyoung Chang, Academic Genealogy of Mathematicians, World Scientific, 2010, p. 183).
↑ Note that there were no PhDs in Germany before the 1650s (when they gradually started substituting the MA as the highest academic degree; arguably one of the earliest German PhD holders is Erhard Weigel, 1652—see his academic lineage tree), in France before 1808 (when they gradually started substituting diplomas as the highest academic degree), in Russia before 1819 (when the Doktor Nauk degree, roughly equivalent to the PhD, gradually started substituting the specialist diploma, roughly equivalent to the MA, as the highest academic degree) and in 1917–1934, in the U.S. before 1861 (when they gradually started substituting MAs as the highest academic degree), in the UK before 1917 (when they gradually started substituting the MA as the highest academic degree), and in Italy before 1927 (when they gradually started substituting the Laurea as the highest academic degree); see Doctor of Philosophy: History and Doktor Nauk: History for further information.
↑ Straus began his early work on relativity with Einstein, but then continued his career with work in pure mathematics. Thus, his advisees were specialized in fields unrelated to theoretical physics.
↑ "Professor Ron Shaw, BA, PhD, ScD(Cantab)". The University of Hull. Retrieved 2009-05-04.
1 2 3 "Mathematics Genealogy Project - Roman Jackiw". North Dakota State University. Retrieved 2009-05-04.
1 2 "Mathematics Genealogy Project - Rudolf Peierls". North Dakota State University. Retrieved 2009-05-04.
↑ "Nuclear Science Symposium to Honor Swiatecki". Berkeley Lab Communications Dept., Creative Services Office.
↑ Kapusta (2008). "Accelerator Disaster Scenarios, the Unabomber, and Scientific Risks". arXiv:0804.4806 [physics.hist-ph].
↑ "Heinz Bilz" (in German). Johann Wolfgang Goethe University Frankfurt. 2007-11-13. Archived from the original on 2007-11-13. Retrieved 2009-05-04.
1 2 "Mathematics Genealogy Project - David Joseph Bohm". North Dakota State University. Retrieved 2009-05-04.
↑ "Mathematics Genealogy Project - Viktor Frederick Weisskopf". North Dakota State University. Retrieved 2009-05-04.
1 2 3 4 "Mathematics Genealogy Project - Murray Gell-Mann". North Dakota State University. Retrieved 2009-05-04.
↑ "Mathematics Genealogy Project - Kenneth Geddes Wilson". North Dakota State University. Retrieved 2009-05-05.
↑ "David J. Griffiths". Reed College. Retrieved 2009-05-04.
1 2 3 "Mathematics Genealogy Project - Sidney Richard Coleman". North Dakota State University. Retrieved 2009-05-04.
↑ "Harvard PhD Theses in Physics: 1971-1999".
↑ Landau Lev biography - MacTutor History of Mathematics
↑ "As a student, Landau dared to correct Einstein in a lecture". Global Talent News. Retrieved 2012-02-02.
↑ David Cahan, M. Eugene Rudd, Science at the American Frontier: A Biography of DeWitt Bristol Brace, University of Nebraska Press, 2000, p. 22.
↑ Jed Z. Buchwald, The Creation of Scientific Effects: Heinrich Hertz and Electric Waves, University of Chicago Press, 1994, p. 354.
↑ David Cahan, Hermann von Helmholtz and the Foundations of Nineteenth-century Science, University of California Press, 1993, p, 397.
1 2 3 4 5 6 Andraos, John (2002). "Rowland Tree" (PDF). Retrieved 2009-05-05.
1 2 "Charles W. Myles: Academic "Family Tree"". Texas Tech University. 2002-12-02. Archived from the original on 22 April 2009. Retrieved 2009-05-05.
1 2 3 4 5 "Mathematics Genealogy Project - Julian Seymour Schwinger". North Dakota State. Retrieved 2009-05-05.
↑ "Mathematics Genealogy Project - Charles Michael Sommerfield". North Dakota State. Retrieved 2009-05-05.
↑ "Mathematics Genealogy Project - Lowell S. Brown". North Dakota State. Retrieved 2014-08-22.
↑ "Mahanthappa, Kalyana T.". SLAC - Stanford University. Retrieved 2009-05-05.
↑ "Norman J.M. Horing - Professor". Stevens Institute of Technology. Retrieved 2009-05-05.
↑ Max Jammer, "Fritz Rohrlich and his Work", Found. Phys. 24, 209 (1994).
1 2 3 4 "Mathematics Genealogy Project - Enrico Fermi". North Dakota State University. Retrieved 2009-05-05.
1 2 3 4 Andraos, John (2002). "Fermi Tree" (PDF). Retrieved 2009-05-05.
↑ "Frank Wilczek, Herman Feshbach Professor of Physics; 2004 Nobel Laureate". Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Retrieved 2009-05-05.
1 2 3 4 "Mathematics Genealogy Project - Sam Treiman". North Dakota State University. Retrieved 2009-05-05.
↑ "Claude Bernard". Washington University Physics Faculty.
1 2 3 4 5 6 "Mathematics Genealogy Project - Ralph Howard Fowler". North Dakota State University.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 "Mathematics Genealogy Project - Abdus Salam". North Dakota State University. Retrieved 2009-05-05.
1 2 3 4 5 Renardy, Michael. "Comments and explanations". Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University. Retrieved 2009-05-05.
↑ Erhard Weigel Gesselschaft
↑ Andrew Warwick, Masters of Theory: Cambridge and the Rise of Mathematical Physics, University of Chicago Press, 2003, p. 325.

External links

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