Bibliography of encyclopedias: history

This is a list of encyclopedias and encyclopedic/biographical dictionaries published on the subject of history and historians in any language. Entries are in the English language unless stated as otherwise.

General history

• American Association for State and Local History. Directory of historical organizations in the United States and Canada. AASLH Press, 1990–. ISSN 1045-456X.^[1]
• Bagnall, Roger S.; Brodersen, Kai; Champion, Craige B.; Erskine, Andrew, Huebner, Sabine R. (2012): The Encyclopedia of Ancient History, Wiley, 13 vols, 7,800 pages. ISBN 9781405179355. Subscription-based online access available.^[2]
• Behnen, Michael, ed. (2002): Lexikon der deutschen Geschichte 1945–1990. Ereignisse – Institutionen – Personen im geteilten Deutschland. Kröner, Stuttgart 2002, ISBN 9783520834010. (German)
• Burnett, Thom. Conspiracy Encyclopedia: The Encyclopedia of Conspiracy Theories
• Carruth, Gordon. Encyclopedia of World Facts and Dates. HarperCollins, 1993.^[2][3]
• DeFronzo, James V. Revolutionary movements in world history: From 1750 to the present. ABC-CLIO, 2006. ISBN 1851097937.^[2]
• dtv (2002): Lexikon des Mittelalters, Deutscher Taschenbuch Verlag, 9 vols, paperback, 9,900 pages. ISBN 978-3423590570. Online edition (2009) available from Brepolis, ISBN 978-2-503-52415-3. (German)
• Evans, Barbara Jean. A to zax: a comprehensive dictionary for genealogists & historians. Hearthside Press, 1995. ISBN 0945231024.^[1]
• Feather, John. Dictionary of Book History. Oxford University Press, 1987.^[4]
• Fondation DHS, ed. (2011) Dictionnaire Historique de la Suisse (Historical Dictionary of Switzerland), Editions Gilles Attinger, Hauterive, ISBN 2-88256-133-4. (French) Also published in German as Historisches Lexikon der Schweiz, Schwabe AG, Basel, ISBN 3-7965-1900-8 (German) and Italian as Dizionario storico della Svizzera, Armando Dadò editore, Locarno, ISBN 88-8281-100-X. (Italian). The work currently consists of 10 volumes (A-Sa) in each language and is expected to be completed in 2014 with the 13th volume. Free searchable online access is available.
• Geiss, Dieter, contrib. (2008): Der Grosse Ploetz, 35th edition, Verlag Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, 2,128 pages. ISBN 978-3-525-32008-2.
• Haydn, Joseph, Benjamin Vincent. Haydn's dictionary of dates and universal information relating to all ages and nations. Scholarly Press, 1968.^[2]
• International Committee of Historical Sciences. International bibliography of historical sciences: Internationale Bibliographie der Geschichtswissenschaften. Librairie Armand Colin. ISSN 0074-2015.^[2]
• Johnson, David E. From day to day: A calendar of notable birthdays and events. Scarecrow Press, 2001. ISBN 081083944X.^[2]
• Kirby, D.P. (3 June 1997). A Biographical Dictionary of Dark Age Britain. Psychology Press. ISBN 978-1-85264-047-7. 
• Kohn, George Childs, Leonard Latkovski. Dictionary of historic documents. Facts on File, 2003. ISBN 0816047723.^[2]
• Kuhlman, Erika A. A to Z of women in world history. Facts on File, 2002. ISBN 0816043345.^[2][5]
• Langer, William L. An Encyclopedia of World History: Ancient, Medieval, and Modern, Chronologically Arranged. 5th ed., Houghton Mifflin, 1972.^[3]
• Lenman, Bruce, Hilary Marsden. Chambers dictionary of world history. Chambers, 2005. ISBN 0550100946.^[2]
• MacCusker, John J. History of world trade since 1450. Macmillan Reference USA, 2006. ISBN 9780028658407.^[2]
• Peregrine, Peter N., Melvin Ember, Human Relations Area Files, Inc. Encyclopedia of prehistory. Kluwer Academic/Plenum, 2001–2002. ISBN 0306462648.^[6]
• Ritter, Harry. Dictionary of concepts in history. Greenwood Press, 1986. ISBN 0313227004.^[2]
• Shillington, Kevin (2004). Encyclopedia of African History. Routledge. 3 vols. 1,912 pages. ISBN 978-1-57958-245-6.
• Stearns, Peter N. (2001): The Encyclopedia of World History, 6th edition, Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 1,243 pages. With searchable CD. ISBN 9780395652374.
• Strayer, Joseph, ed. (1989). Dictionary of the Middle Ages. Charles Scribner's Sons. ISBN 0-684-19073-7. Jordan, William Chester, ed. (2003). Dictionary of the Middle Ages: Supplement 1. Charles Scribner's Sons. ISBN 0-684-80642-8
• Taddey, Gerhard, ed. (1998): Lexikon der deutschen Geschichte. Ereignisse, Institutionen, Personen. Von den Anfängen bis zur Kapitulation 1945., 3rd edition, Kröner, Stuttgart, 1,410 pages. ISBN 3-520-81303-3.
• Wetterau, Bruce. Macmillan Concise Dictionary of World History. Macmillan, 1983.^[3]
• Williams, Henry Smith (1905), The Historians' History of the World, New York, The Outlook Company.

Chronologies

• Asimov's Chronology of the World. HarperCollins, 1991.^[7]
• Grun, Bernard. Timetables of History. 3rd ed, Simon & Schuster, 1991.^[7]
• Murray, Tim. Milestones in archaeology: A chronological encyclopedia. ABC-CLIO, 2007. ISBN 9781576071861.^[6]
• New York Public Library Book of Chronologies. Prentice Hall, 1990.^[7]
• Trager, James. The People's Chronology: A Year-by-Year Record of Human Events from Prehistory to the Present. Rev. ed., Holt, 1992.^[7]

Exploration and discovery

• Bohlander, Richard. World Explorers and Discoverers. Macmillan, 1992.^[8]
• Delpar, Helen. The Discoverers: An Encyclopedia of Explorers and Exploration. McGraw-Hill, 1980.^[8]
• Holland, Clive. Arctic exploration and development, c. 500 B.C. to 1915: An encyclopedia. Garland Publ., 1994. ISBN 0824076486.^[9]
• The Marshall Cavendish Illustrated Encyclopedia of Discovery and Exploration. Marshall Cavendish, 1991.^[8]

Historians

• Boyd, Kelly. Encyclopedia of historians and historical writing. Fitzroy Dearborn, 1999. ISBN 1884964338.^[2][5]
• Cannon, John Ashton. The Blackwell dictionary of historians. Blackwell Reference, 1988. ISBN 063114708X.^[2][5]
• Jenkins, Ellen J. Eighteenth-Century British Historians. Thomson Gale, 2007. ISBN 9780787681548.^[10]
• Wilson, Clyde Norman. American historians, 1607–1865. Gale Research, 1984. ISBN 0810317087.^[5][11]

Historiography

• Boia, Lucian, Ellen Nore, Keith Hitchins International Committee of Historical Sciences. Great historians from antiquity to 1800: An international dictionary. Greenwood Press, 1989. ISBN 0313245177.^[2]
• Woolf, D. R., Kathryn M. Brammall, Greg Bak. A global encyclopedia of historical writing. Garland, 1998. ISBN 0815315147.^[2]

History by era

Ancient history

• Bhattacharyya, Narendra Nath. The Geographical dictionary: Ancient and early medieval India. Munshiram Manoharlal Publishers, 1991. ISBN 8121500788.^[12]
• Leroi-Gourham, André, José Garanger, Dominique Baffier. Dictionnaire de la préhistoire. Presses universitaires de France, 1988. ISBN 2130414591. (French) ^[2]
• Salisbury, Joyce E., Mary Lefkowitz. Encyclopedia of women in the ancient world. ABC-CLIO, 2001. ISBN 1576070921.^[2]

Classical era

• Avi-Yonah, Michael, Israel Shatzman, F. W. Walbank.Illustrated encyclopaedia of the classical world. Sampson Low, 1976. ISBN 0562000372.^[2]
• Cancik, Hubert, Helmuth Schneider, Christine F. Salazar, David E. Orton. Brill's New Pauly: Encyclopaedia of the ancient world. Brill, 2002–. ISBN 9004122591.^[2]
• Daremberg, Charles Victor. Dictionnaire des antiquités grecques et romaines, d'après les textes et les monuments. Hachette, 1877–1919. (French).^[2]
• De Grummond, Nancy Thomson. An encyclopedia of the history of classical archaeology. Greenwood Press, 1996. ISBN 0313220662.^[2]
• Grant, Michael, Rachel Kitzinger. Civilization of the ancient Mediterranean: Greece and Rome. Scribner's, 1988. ISBN 0684175940.^[2]
• Hazel, John. Who's who in the Greek world. Routledge, 2000. ISBN 0415124972.^[2]
• Hazel, John. Who's who in the Roman world. Routledge. ISBN 0415224101.^[2]
• Hornblower, Simon, Antony Spawforth. The Oxford classical dictionary. Oxford University Press, 2003. ISBN 0198606419.^[2]
• Hornblower, Simon, Antony Spawforth. The Oxford companion to classical civilization. Oxford University Press, 1998. ISBN 0198601654.^[2]
• Pauly, August Friedrich von. Paulys real-encyclopadie der classischen Altertumswissenschaft. Supplement: Neue Bearbeitung unter Mitwirkung zahlreicher Fachgenossen. J. B. Metzler, 1903–1978.^[2]
• Paulys real-encyclopadie der classischen Altertumswissenschaft: neue Bearbeitung unter Mitwirkung zahlreicher Fachgenossen. J.B. Metzler, 1894–1972. (German)^[2]
• Salisbury, Joyce E., Mary Lefkowitz. Encyclopedia of women in the ancient world. ABC-CLIO, 2001. ISBN 1576070921.^[2]
• Shipley, Graham. The Cambridge dictionary of classical civilization. Cambridge University Press, 2006. ISBN 0521483131.^[2]
• Speake, Graham. Encyclopedia of Greece and the Hellenic tradition. Fitzroy Dearborn, 2000.^[2]

Middle Ages

• Bhattacharyya, Narendra Nath. The Geographical dictionary: Ancient and early medieval India. Munshiram Manoharlal Publishers, 1991. ISBN 8121500788.^[12]
• Broughton, Bradford B., Megan Broughton Blumbergs. Dictionary of medieval knighthood and chivalry. Greenwood Press, 1986. ISBN 0313245525.^[2]
• Chevalier, Ulysse. Répertoire des sources historiques du moyen âge. A. Picard, 1905–1907.^[5]
• Crabtree, Pam J. Medieval archaeology: An encyclopedia. Garland, 2001. ISBN 0815312865.^[2]
• Dahmus, Joseph. Dictionary of Medieval Civilization. Macmillan, 1984.^[13]
• Fritze, Ronald H., William B. Robison. Historical dictionary of late medieval England, 1272–1485. Greenwood Press, c2002. ISBN 0313291241.^[10]
• Gerli, E. Michael, Samuel G. Armistead. Medieval Iberia: An encyclopedia. Routledge, 2003. ISBN 0415939186.^[10]
• International encyclopaedia for the Middle Ages (IEMA): A supplement to LexMA-online. Brepols. Available online here.^[2]
• Jeep, John M. Medieval Germany: An encyclopedia. Garland, 2001. ISBN 0824076443.^[10]
• Johnson, Ruth A. All things medieval: an encyclopedia of the medieval world. Greenwood, 2011. ISBN 9780313364624.^[2]
• Jordan, William C. Dictionary of the Middle Ages. Charles Scribner's Sons, 2004–. ISBN 0684806428.^[2]
• Kazhdan, Alexander B. The Oxford Dictionary of Byzantium. Oxford University Press, 1991. ISBN 014051323X.^[2][14][15]
• Khan, Iqtidar Alam. Historical dictionary of medieval India. Scarecrow Press, 2008. ISBN 978-0-8108-5503-8.^[12]
• Langer, Lawrence N. Historical dictionary of medieval Russia. Scarecrow Press, 2002. ISBN 0810840804.^[10]
• Lexikon des Mittelalters online (LexMA). Brepols. Available online here. (German).^[2]
• Loyn, H. R. Middle Ages: A Concise Encyclopedia. Thames & Hudson, 1989.^[2][13]
• Meri, Josef W., Jere L. Bacharach. Medieval Islamic civilization: An encyclopedia. Routledge, 2006. ISBN 0415966914.^[12]
• Meyer, Otto, Renate Klauser. Clavis mediaevalis: Kleines Wörterbuch der Mittelalterforschung. O. Harrassowitz, 1962. (German).^[2]
• Murray, Alan V. The Crusades: An encyclopedia. ABC-CLIO, 2006. ISBN 1576078620.^[2]
• Nicol, Donald MacGillivray. A biographical dictionary of the Byzantine Empire. Seaby, 1991. ISBN 1852640480.^[2]
• ORB: The online reference book for medieval studies. Kathryn Talarico College of Staten Island, City University of New York. Available online here.^[2]
• Pulsiano, Phillip, Kirsten Wolf, Paul Acker. Medieval Scandinavia: An encyclopedia. Garland, 1993. ISBN 0824047877.^[10]
• Rosser, John H. Historical dictionary of Byzantium. Scarecrow Press, 2001. ISBN 0810839792.^[2]
• Roth, Norman. Medieval Jewish civilization: An encyclopedia. Routledge, 2003. ISBN 0415937124.^[2]
• Slack, Corliss Konwiser. Historical dictionary of the crusades. Scarecrow Press, 2003. ISBN 0810848554.^[2]
• Snodgrass, Mary Ellen, Linda Campbell Franklin. Who's who in the Middle Ages. McFarland, 2001. ISBN 0786407743.^[5]
• Strayer, Joseph R. Dictionary of the Middle Ages. Scribner's, 1982-1989.^[2][13]
• Vauchez, André, R. B. Dobson, Michael Lapidge. Encyclopedia of the Middle Ages. Editions du Cerf; Fitzroy Dearborn; Città nuova, 2000. ISBN 1579582826.^[2]
• Xiong, Victor Cunrui. Historical dictionary of medieval China. Scarecrow Press, 2009. ISBN 9780810860537.^[12]

Renaissance

• Bergin, Thomas G. and Jennifer Speake. Encyclopedia of the Renaissance. Facts on File, 1987.^[3]
• Bergin, Thomas Goddard, Jennifer Speake. Encyclopedia of the Renaissance and the Reformation. Facts on File, 2004. ISBN 0816054517.^[2]
• Bietenholz, Peter G., Thomas B. Deutscher. Contemporaries of Erasmus: a biographical register of the Renaissance and Reformation. University of Toronto Press, 1985–1987. ISBN 0802025072.^[5]
• Campbell, Gordon. The Oxford dictionary of the Renaissance. Oxford University Press, 2003. ISBN 0198601751.^[2]
• Grendler, Paul F., Renaissance Society of America. Encyclopedia of the Renaissance. Scribner's in association with the Renaissance Society of America, 1999. ISBN 0684805146.^[2]
• Nauert, Charles Garfield. Historical dictionary of the Renaissance. Scarecrow Press, 2004. ISBN 0810848678.^[2]
• Robin, Diana Maury, Anne R. Larsen, Carole Levin. Encyclopedia of women in the Renaissance: Italy, France, and England. ABC-CLIO, 2007. ISBN 1851097724.^[5]

Reformation

• Bergin, Thomas Goddard, Jennifer Speake. Encyclopedia of the Renaissance and the Reformation. Facts on File, 2004. ISBN 0816054517.^[2]
• Bietenholz, Peter G., Thomas B. Deutscher. Contemporaries of Erasmus: a biographical register of the Renaissance and Reformation. University of Toronto Press, 1985–1987. ISBN 0802025072.^[5]

20th Century

• Brownstone, David and Irene Franck. Dictionary of 20th Century History. Prentice Hall, 1990.^[3]
• Burnett, Thom. Conspiracy Encyclopedia: The Encyclopedia of Conspiracy Theories
• Drexel, John. The Facts on File Encyclopedia of the 20th Century. Facts on File, 1991.^[3]
• Palmowski, Jan. A dictionary of contemporary world history: From 1900 to the present day. Oxford University Press, 2003. ISBN 019860484X.^[2]
• Pons, Silvio, Robert Service, Mark Epstein, Charles Townsend. A dictionary of 20th-century communism. Princeton University Press, 2010. ISBN 9780691135854.^[2]
• Sader, Emir. Latinoamericana: Enciclopedia contemporanea da America Latina e do Caribe. Laboratorio de Politicas Publicas; Boitempo Editorial, [2006?]. ISBN 8575590847.^[11]
• Teed, Peter. Dictionary of Twentieth-Century History. Oxford University Press, 1992.^[3]
• Tucker, Spencer. Encyclopedia of the Cold War: A political, social, and military history. ABC-CLIO, 2007. ISBN 978-1-85109-701-2.^[2]
• Yust, Walter. 10 eventful years: A record of events of the years preceding, including and following World War II, 1937 through 1946. Encyclopædia Britannica, [1947].^[2]
• Zeleza, Tiyambe, Dickson Eyoh. Encyclopedia of twentieth-century African history. Routledge, 2003. ISBN 0415234794.^[16]

Holocaust

• Epstein, Eric Joseph, Philip Rosen, Henry R. Huttenbach. Dictionary of the Holocaust: Biography, geography, and terminology. Greenwood Press, 1997. ISBN 031330355X.^[2]
• Fischel, Jack. Historical dictionary of the Holocaust. Scarecrow Press, 1999. ISBN 0810836114.^[2]
• Laqueur, Walter, Judith Tydor Baumel. The Holocaust encyclopedia. Yale University Press, 2001. ISBN 0300084323.^[2]
• Niewyk, Donald L., Francis R. Nicosia. The Columbia guide to the Holocaust. Columbia University Press, 2000. ISBN 0231112009.^[2]
• Spector, Shmuel, Robert Rozett. Encyclopedia of the Holocaust. Facts on File, 2000. ISBN 0816043337.^[2]
• Spector, Shmuel, Geoffrey Wigoder. The encyclopedia of Jewish life before and during the Holocaust. Yad Vashem; New York University Press, 2001. ISBN 0814793568.^[2][10]

History of mathematics

• Grrattan-Guinness, Ivor. Companion Encyclopedia of the History and Philosophy of the Mathematical Sciences. Routledge, 1993.^[17]

History of medicine

• Bynum, W. F. and Roy Porter. Companion Encyclopedia of the History of Medicine. Routledge, 1994.^[18]
• Kohn, George C. Encyclopedia of plague and pestilence: From ancient times to the present. Facts On File, 2007. ISBN 9780816069354; ISBN 0816069352.^[2]
• McGrew, Roderick E. and Margaret P. McGrew. Encyclopedia of Medical History. McGraw-Hill, 1985.^[18]

History of psychology

• Howells, John G. & M. Livia Osborn. A Reference Companion to the History of Abnormal Psychology. Greenwood, 1984.^[19]

History of science

• Asimov, Isaac. Asimov's Chronology of Science and Discovery. HarperCollins, 1989.^[20]
• Bynum, William F. Dictionary of the History of Science. Princeton University Press, 1981.^[21]
• Gascoigne, Robert Mortimer. Chronology of the History of Science, 1450-1900. Garland, 1987.^[20]
• Hellemans, Alexander and Bryan Bunch. Timetables of Science: A Chronology of the Most Important People and Events in the History of Science. Simon & Schuster, 1988.^[20]
• History of Science and Technology: A Narrative Chronology. Facts on File, 1988.^[21]
• McNeil, Ian. An Encyclopedia of the History of Technology. Routledge, 1990.^[21]
• Mount, Ellis and Barbara List. Milestones in Science and Technology: The Ready Reference Guide to Discoveries, Inventions, and Facts. 2nd ed., Oryx, 1993.^[20]
• Murray, Tim. Milestones in archaeology: A chronological encyclopedia. ABC-CLIO, 2007. ISBN 9781576071861.^[6]
• Parkinson, Claire. Breakthroughs: A Chronology of Great Achievements in Science and Mathematics, 1200-1930. G.K. Hall, 1985.^[20]

Jewish history

• Epstein, Eric Joseph, Philip Rosen, Henry R. Huttenbach. Dictionary of the Holocaust: Biography, geography, and terminology. Greenwood Press, 1997. ISBN 031330355X.^[2]
• Gribetz, Judah. Timetables of Jewish History: A Chronology of the Most Important People and Events in Jewish History. Simon & Schuster, 1993.^[22]
• Kantor, Mattis. Jewish Time Line Encyclopedia. Jason Aronson, 1989.^[22]
• Medoff, Rafael, Chaim Isaac Waxman. Historical dictionary of Zionism. Scarecrow Press, 2000. ISBN 0810837730.^[12]
• Niewyk, Donald L., Francis R. Nicosia. The Columbia guide to the Holocaust. Columbia University Press, 2000. ISBN 0231112009.^[2]
• Roth, Norman. Medieval Jewish civilization: An encyclopedia. Routledge, 2003. ISBN 0415937124.^[2]
• Shamir, Ilana and Shlomo Shavit. Young Reader's Encyclopedia of Jewish History. Viking Kestral, 1987.^[22]
• Spector, Shmuel, Geoffrey Wigoder. The encyclopedia of Jewish life before and during the Holocaust. Yad Vashem; New York University Press, 2001. ISBN 0814793568.^[2][10]

Military history

• Gaines, W. Craig (1 April 2008). Encyclopedia of Civil War Shipwrecks. LSU Press. ISBN 978-0-8071-4789-4. 

Regional history

• Canby, Courtlandt. Encyclopedia of Historic Places. Facts on File, 1984.^[23]
• Esposito, John L. The Oxford encyclopedia of the modern Islamic world. Oxford University Press, 1995. ISBN 0195066138.^[12]

Africa

• Appiah, Anthony, Henry Louis Gates. Africana: The encyclopedia of the African and African American experience. Oxford University Press, 2005. ISBN 0195170555.^[16]
• Arnold, Guy. Historical dictionary of civil wars in Africa. Scarecrow Press, 2008. ISBN 978-0-8108-5766-7.^[16]
• Collins, Robert O. Historical dictionary of pre-colonial Africa. Scarecrow Press, 2001. ISBN 0810839784.^[16]
• Diagram Group. Encyclopedia of African peoples. Facts on File, 2000. ISBN 0816040990.^[16]
• Falola, Toyin. Key events in African history: A reference guide. Greenwood Press, 2002. ISBN 0313313237.^[16]
• Lye, Keith, Diagram Group. Encyclopedia of African nations and civilizations. Facts on File, 2002. ISBN 0816045682.^[16]
• Middleton, John, Joseph Calder Miller. New encyclopedia of Africa. Thomson/Gale, 2008. ISBN 9780684314549.^[16]
• Page, Willie F., Facts on File. Encyclopedia of African history and culture. Facts on File, 2001. ISBN 0816044724.^[16]
• Shillington, Kevin. Encyclopedia of African history. Fitzroy Dearborn, 2005. ISBN 1579582451.^[16]
• The United States in Africa: A Historical Dictionary. Greenwood, 1989.^[24]
• Vogel, Joseh O., Jean Vogel. Encyclopedia of precolonial Africa: Archaeology, history, languages, cultures, and environments. AltaMira Press, 1997. ISBN 0761989021.^[16]
• Zeleza, Tiyambe, Dickson Eyoh. Encyclopedia of twentieth-century African history. Routledge, 2003. ISBN 0415234794.^[16]

African islands

Mauritius

• Gascoigne, Bamber. Encyclopedia of Britain. Macmillan, 1993. ISBN 0028971426.^[10]

Mayotte

• Sellier, Jean, Anne. Le Fur, Bertrand de Brun. Atlas historique des provinces et régions de France: Genèse d'un peuple. La Découverte, 1997. ISBN 2707127515.^[10]

Réunion

• Sellier, Jean, Anne. Le Fur, Bertrand de Brun. Atlas historique des provinces et régions de France: Genèse d'un peuple. La Découverte, 1997. ISBN 2707127515.^[10]

Seychelles

• Gascoigne, Bamber. Encyclopedia of Britain. Macmillan, 1993. ISBN 0028971426.^[10]

North Africa

• Clements, Frank. Historical dictionary of Arab and Islamic organizations. Scarecrow Press, 2001. ISBN 0810839776.^[12]
• Dumper, Michael, Bruce E. Stanley, Janet L. Abu-Lughod. Cities of the Middle East and North Africa: A historical encyclopedia. ABC-CLIO, 2007. ISBN 1576079198.^[12]
• International encyclopaedia for the Middle Ages (IEMA): A supplement to LexMA-online. Brepols. Available online here.^[2]
• Lexikon des Mittelalters online (LexMA). Brepols. Available online here. (German).^[2]
• Mattar, Philip. Encyclopedia of the modern Middle East and North Africa. Macmillan Reference USA, 2004. ISBN 0028657691.^[12][16]
• Mawṣililī, Ahmad. Historical dictionary of Islamic fundamentalist movements in the Arab world, Iran, and Turkey. Scarecrow Press, 1999. ISBN 0810836092.^[25]
• Somel, Selçuk Akşin. Historical dictionary of the Ottoman Empire. Scarecrow Press, 2003. ISBN 0810843323.^[12]
• Talhami, Ghada Hashem. Historical dictionary of women in the Middle East and North Africa. Scarecrow Press, 2013. ISBN 9780810868588.^[5][12]
• Who's who in the Arab world. Publitec Editions, 1966–. ISSN 0083-9752.^[12]

Algeria

• Naylor, Phillip Chiviges.Historical dictionary of Algeria. Scarecrow Press, 2006. ISBN 081085340X.^[16]

Egypt

• Coughlin, Kathryn M. Muslim cultures today: A reference guide. Greenwood Press, 2006. ISBN 0313323860.^[12]
• Goldschmidt, Arthur, Robert Johnston. Historical dictionary of Egypt. Scarecrow Press, 2003. ISBN 0810848562.^[16]
• Lobban, Richard. Historical dictionary of ancient and medieval Nubia. Scarecrow Press, 2004. ISBN 0810847841.^[16]

Ancient Egypt

• Bard, Kathryn A., Steven Blake Shubert. Encyclopedia of the archaeology of ancient Egypt. Routledge, 1999. ISBN 0415185890.^[16]
• Bierbrier, M. L. Historical dictionary of ancient Egypt. Scarecrow Press, 1999. ISBN 0810836149.^[2]
• Bunson, Margaret. The Encyclopedia of Ancient Egypt. Facts on File, 2012. ISBN 9780816082162.^[2][26]
• David, A. Rosalie, Antony E. David. A biographical dictionary of ancient Egypt. Seaby, 1992. ISBN 1852640324.^[2]
• Encyclopedia of Egyptology. University of California, Los Angeles. Available online here.^[2]
• Morkot, Robert. Historical dictionary of ancient Egyptian warfare. Scarecrow Press, 2003. ISBN 0810848627.^[16]
• Redford, Donald B. The Oxford encyclopedia of ancient Egypt. Oxford University Press, 2001. ISBN 0195102347.^[16]
• Wilkinson, Toby A. H. The Thames and Hudson dictionary of ancient Egypt. Thames and Hudson, 2005. ISBN 0500051372.^[16]

Libya

• St. John, Ronald Bruce. Historical dictionary of Libya. Scarecrow Press, 2006. ISBN 0810853035.^[16]

Morocco

• Park, Thomas Kerlin, Aomar Boum. Historical dictionary of Morocco. Scarecrow Press, 2006. ISBN 0810853418.^[16]

Sudan

• Coughlin, Kathryn M. Muslim cultures today: A reference guide. Greenwood Press, 2006. ISBN 0313323860.^[12]
• Lobban, Richard. Historical dictionary of ancient and medieval Nubia. Scarecrow Press, 2004. ISBN 0810847841.^[16]
• Lobban, Richard, Robert S. Kramer, Carolyn Fluehr-Lobban. Historical dictionary of the Sudan. Scarecrow Press, 2002. ISBN 0810841002.^[16]

Western Sahara

• Pazzanita, Anthony G. Historical dictionary of Western Sahara. Scarecrow Press, 2006. ISBN 0810855402.^[16]

Sub-Saharan Africa

• Mays, Terr M., Mark DeLancey. Historical dictionary of international organizations in sub-Saharan Africa. Scarecrow Press, 2002. ISBN 0810842572.^[16]
• Middleton, John. Encyclopedia of Africa south of the Sahara. C. Scribner's Sons, 1997. ISBN 0684804662.^[16]

Central Africa

Angola

• James, W. Martin, Susan H. Broadhead. Historical dictionary of Angola. Scarecrow Press, 2004. ISBN 0810849402.^[16]

Burundi

• Eggers, Ellen K. Historical dictionary of Burundi. Scarecrow Press, 2006. ISBN 0810853027.^[16]

Cameroon

• Gascoigne, Bamber. Encyclopedia of Britain. Macmillan, 1993. ISBN 0028971426.^[10]

Chad

• Decalo, Samuel. Historical dictionary of Chad. Scarecrow Press, 1997. ISBN 0810832534.^[16]

Equatorial Guinea

• Liniger-Goumaz, Max. Historical dictionary of Equatorial Guinea. Scarecrow Press, 2000. ISBN 0810833948.^[16]

Gabon

• Gardinier, David E., Douglas A. Yates. Historical dictionary of Gabon. Scarecrow Press, 2006. ISBN 0810849186.^[16]

Republic of the Congo

• Decalo, Samuel, Virginia McLean Thompson, Richard Adloff. Historical dictionary of Congo. Scarecrow Press, 1996. ISBN 0810831163.^[16]

Rwanda

• Gascoigne, Bamber. Encyclopedia of Britain. Macmillan, 1993. ISBN 0028971426.^[10]

East Africa

Burundi

• Eggers, Ellen K. Historical dictionary of Burundi. Scarecrow Press, 2006. ISBN 0810853027.^[16]

Kenya

• Gascoigne, Bamber. Encyclopedia of Britain. Macmillan, 1993. ISBN 0028971426.^[10]
• Maxon, Robert M., Thomas P. Ofcansky. Historical dictionary of Kenya. Scarecrow Press, 2000. ISBN 0810836165.^[16]

Madagascar

• Allen, Philip M., Marueen Covell. Historical dictionary of Madagascar. Scarecrow Press, 2005. ISBN 0810846365.^[16]

Malawi

• Gascoigne, Bamber. Encyclopedia of Britain. Macmillan, 1993. ISBN 0028971426.^[10]
• Kalinga, Owen J. M., C. A. Crosby. Historical dictionary of Malawi. Scarecrow Press, 2001. ISBN 0810834812.^[16]

Mozambique

• Azevedo, Mario Joaquim, Emmanuel U. Nnadozie, Tombe Nhamitambo Mbuia-João. Historical dictionary of Mozambique. Scarecrow Press, 2003. ISBN 0810837927.^[16]
• Gascoigne, Bamber. Encyclopedia of Britain. Macmillan, 1993. ISBN 0028971426.^[10]

Tanzania

• Gascoigne, Bamber. Encyclopedia of Britain. Macmillan, 1993. ISBN 0028971426.^[10]
• Ofcansky, Thomas P., Rodger Yeager, Laura S. Kurtz. Historical dictionary of Tanzania. Scarecrow Press, 1997. ISBN 0810832445.^[16]

Uganda

• Gascoigne, Bamber. Encyclopedia of Britain. Macmillan, 1993. ISBN 0028971426.^[10]

Horn of Africa

• Clements, Frank. Historical dictionary of Arab and Islamic organizations. Scarecrow Press, 2001. ISBN 0810839776.^[12]
• Mawṣililī, Ahmad. Historical dictionary of Islamic fundamentalist movements in the Arab world, Iran, and Turkey. Scarecrow Press, 1999. ISBN 0810836092.^[25]
• Somel, Selçuk Akşin. Historical dictionary of the Ottoman Empire. Scarecrow Press, 2003. ISBN 0810843323.^[12]

Djibouti

• Alwan, Daoud Aboubaker, Yohanis Mibrathu. Historical dictionary of Djibouti. Scarecrow Press, 2000. ISBN 0810838737.^[16]

Eritrea

• Killion, Tom. Historical dictionary of Eritrea. Scarecrow Press, 1998. ISBN 0810834375.^[16]

Ethiopia

• Coughlin, Kathryn M. Muslim cultures today: A reference guide. Greenwood Press, 2006. ISBN 0313323860.^[12]
• Shinn, David Hamilton, Thomas P. Ofcansky, Chris Prouty. Historical dictionary of Ethiopia. Scarecrow Press, 2004. ISBN 0810849100.^[16]

Somalia

• Mukhtar, Mohamed Haji, Margaret Castagno. Historical dictionary of Somalia. Scarecrow Press, 2003. ISBN 0810843447.^[16]

Southern Africa

Botswana

• Gascoigne, Bamber. Encyclopedia of Britain. Macmillan, 1993. ISBN 0028971426.^[10]
• Ramsay, Jeff, Barry Morton, Fred Morton. Historical dictionary of Botswana. Scarecrow Press, 1996. ISBN 0810831430.^[16]

Lesotho

• Gascoigne, Bamber. Encyclopedia of Britain. Macmillan, 1993. ISBN 0028971426.^[10]
• Rosenberg, Scott, Richard Frederick Weisfelder, Michelle Frisbie-Fulton. Historical dictionary of Lesotho. Scarecrow Press, 2004. ISBN 0810848716.^[16]

Madagascar

• Allen, Philip M., Marueen Covell. Historical dictionary of Madagascar. Scarecrow Press, 2005. ISBN 0810846365.^[16]

Namibia

• Gascoigne, Bamber. Encyclopedia of Britain. Macmillan, 1993. ISBN 0028971426.^[10]
• Grotpeter, John J. Historical dictionary of Namibia. Scarecrow Press, 1994. ISBN 081082728X.^[16]

South Africa

• Gascoigne, Bamber. Encyclopedia of Britain. Macmillan, 1993. ISBN 0028971426.^[10]
• Saunders, Christopher C., Nicholas Southey, Mary-Lynn Suttie. Historical dictionary of South Africa. Scarecrow Press, 2000. ISBN 0810836467.^[16]

Swaziland

• Booth, Alan R., John J. Grotpeter. Historical dictionary of Swaziland. Scarecrow Press, 2000. ISBN 0810837498.^[16]
• Gascoigne, Bamber. Encyclopedia of Britain. Macmillan, 1993. ISBN 0028971426.^[10]

Zambia

• Gascoigne, Bamber. Encyclopedia of Britain. Macmillan, 1993. ISBN 0028971426.^[10]
• Simon, David, James R. Pletcher, Brian V. Siegel. Historical dictionary of Zambia. Scarecrow Press, 2008. ISBN 978-0-8108-5305-8.^[16]

Zimbabwe

• Rubert, Steven C., R. Kent Rasmussen. Historical dictionary of Zimbabwe. Scarecrow Press, 2001. ISBN 0810834715.^[16]

West Africa

Benin

• Decalo, Samuel. Historical dictionary of Benin. Scarecrow Press, 1995. ISBN 0810829053.^[16]

Burkina Faso

• McFarland, Daniel Miles, Lawrence Rupley. Historical dictionary of Burkina Faso. Scarecrow Press, 1998. ISBN 0810834057.^[16]

Ghana

• Gascoigne, Bamber. Encyclopedia of Britain. Macmillan, 1993. ISBN 0028971426.^[10]
• Owusu-Ansah, David. Historical dictionary of Ghana. Scarecrow Press, 2005.^[16]

Guinea

• O'Toole, Thomas, Janice E. Baker. Historical dictionary of Guinea. Scarecrow Press, 2005. ISBN 0810846349.^[16]

Liberia

• Dunn, D. Elwood, Amos Jones Beyan, Carl Patrick Burrowes. Historical dictionary of Liberia. Scarecrow Press, 2001. ISBN 0810838761.^[16]

Mali

• Imperato, Pascal James, Gavin H. Imperato. Historical dictionary of Mali. Scarecrow Press, 2008. ISBN 9780810856035.^[16]

Mauritania

• Pazzanita, Anthony G., Alfred G. Gerteiny. Historical dictionary of Mauritania. Scarecrow Press, 1996. ISBN 0810830957.^[16]

Niger

• Decalo, Samuel. Historical dictionary of Niger. Scarecrow Press, 1997. ISBN 0810831368.^[16]

Nigeria

• Coughlin, Kathryn M. Muslim cultures today: A reference guide. Greenwood Press, 2006. ISBN 0313323860.^[12]
• Falola, Toyin, Ann Genova. Historical dictionary of Nigeria. Scarecrow Press, 2009. ISBN 9780810856158.^[16]
• Gascoigne, Bamber. Encyclopedia of Britain. Macmillan, 1993. ISBN 0028971426.^[10]

Sierra Leone

• Fyle, C. Magbaily, Cyril P. Foray. Historical dictionary of Sierra Leone. Scarecrow Press, 2006. ISBN 0810853396.^[16]
• Gascoigne, Bamber. Encyclopedia of Britain. Macmillan, 1993. ISBN 0028971426.^[10]

Americas

• Bedini, Silvio. The Christopher Columbus Encyclopedia. Simon & Schuster, 1992.^[27]
• Provost, Foster. Columbus Dictionary. Omnigraphics, 1991.^[27]
• Sabin, Joseph, Wilberforce Eames, R. W. G. Vail Bibliographical Society of America. A dictionary of books relating to America, from its discovery to the present time. Joseph Sabin, 1868–1936.^[11]

Caribbean

• Atkinson, Nadine C. The Caribbean history pocket encyclopedia. Arawak, 2003. ISBN 9768189002.^[11]
• Balderston, Daniel, Mike Gonzalez, Ana M. López. Encyclopedia of contemporary Latin American and Caribbean cultures. Routledge, 2000. ISBN 041513188X.^[11]
• Collier, Simon, Thomas E. Skidmore, Harold Blakemore. The Cambridge encyclopedia of Latin America and the Caribbean. Cambridge University Press, 1992. ISBN 0521413222.^[11]
• Désormeaux, Emile, & Jean Baptiste Du Tertre1. Antilles d'hier et d'aujourd'hui: Tout l'univers antillais du début de la colonisation à nos jours. Désormeaux, [1978–].^[11]
• Hallewell, Laurence. Historical dictionaries of Latin America. Scarecrow, 1967–. ISSN 1931-874X.^[11]
• Kinsbruner, Jay, Erick Detlef Langer. Encyclopedia of Latin American history and culture. Gale, 2008. ISBN 9780684312705.^[11]
• Sader, Emir. Latinoamericana: Enciclopedia contemporanea da America Latina e do Caribe. Laboratorio de Politicas Publicas; Boitempo Editorial, [2006?]. ISBN 8575590847.^[11]
• Saunders, Nicholas J. Peoples of the Caribbean: An encyclopedia of archeology and traditional culture. ABC-CLIO, 2005. ISBN 1576077012.^[11]
• Tenenbaum, Barbara A. Latin America, history and culture: An encyclopedia for students. Macmillan Library Reference, 1999. ISBN 0684805766.^[11]

Anguilla

• Carty, Brenda, Coleville L. Petty. Anguilla: Tranquil isle of the Caribbean. Macmillan Education, 2000.^[11]
• Gascoigne, Bamber. Encyclopedia of Britain. Macmillan, 1993. ISBN 0028971426.^[10]

Antigua and Barbuda

• Gascoigne, Bamber. Encyclopedia of Britain. Macmillan, 1993. ISBN 0028971426.^[10]

Bahamas

• Gascoigne, Bamber. Encyclopedia of Britain. Macmillan, 1993. ISBN 0028971426.^[10]

Barbados

• Fraser, Henry, John Gilmore, Sean Carrington. A–Z of Barbados heritage. Macmillan Caribbean, 2003. ISBN 0333920686; ISBN 9780333920688.^[11]
• Gascoigne, Bamber. Encyclopedia of Britain. Macmillan, 1993. ISBN 0028971426.^[10]

Cayman Islands

• Gascoigne, Bamber. Encyclopedia of Britain. Macmillan, 1993. ISBN 0028971426.^[10]

Cuba

• Enciclopedia y Clásicos Cubanos, inc. La enciclopedia de Cuba. Enciclopedia y Clásicos Cubanos, 1975–1977. ISBN 8435900975.^[11]
• Ezquerra, Jaime Alvar. Diccionario Espasa historia de España y América. Espasa, 2002. ISBN 8467003162.^[10]
• Martínez-Fernández, Luis. Encyclopedia of Cuba: People, history, culture. Greenwood Press, 2003. ISBN 157356334X.^[11]
• Suchlicki, Jaime. Historical dictionary of Cuba. Scarecrow Press, 2001. ISBN 081083779X.^[11]
• Tucker, Spencer D., James Arnold, Roberta Wiener, Paul G. Pierpaoli, Jack McCallum, Justin D. Murphy. The encyclopedia of the Spanish-American and Philippine-American wars: A political, social, and military history. ABC-CLIO, 2009. ISBN 9781851099511.^[12]

Dominica

• Gascoigne, Bamber. Encyclopedia of Britain. Macmillan, 1993. ISBN 0028971426.^[10]

Dominican Republic

• Enciclopedia dominicana. Enciclopédia Dominicana, 2000. ISBN 9768156341.^[11]
• Ramos, Alejandro Paulino, Aquiles Castro. Diccionario de cultura y folklore dominicano. ABC Editorial, 2005. ISBN 9993482382.^[11]

French Antilles

• Corzani, Jack. Dictionnaire encyclopedique Desormeaux. Editions Desormeuax, [1992–1993]. ISBN 2852750201.^[11]

Grenada

• Gascoigne, Bamber. Encyclopedia of Britain. Macmillan, 1993. ISBN 0028971426.^[10]

Guadeloupe

• Corzani, Jack. Dictionnaire encyclopedique Desormeaux. Editions Desormeuax, [1992–1993]. ISBN 2852750201.^[11]
• Sellier, Jean, Anne. Le Fur, Bertrand de Brun. Atlas historique des provinces et régions de France: Genèse d'un peuple. La Découverte, 1997. ISBN 2707127515.^[10]

Haiti

• Oriol, Michèle, Corinne Wieser. Histoire et dictionnaire de la révolution et de l'indépendance d'Haïti, 1789–1804. Fondation pour la Recherche Iconographique et Documentaire, 2002. ISBN 9993520829.^[11]

Jamaica

• Gascoigne, Bamber. Encyclopedia of Britain. Macmillan, 1993. ISBN 0028971426.^[10]
• Senior, Olive. Encyclopedia of Jamaican heritage. Twin Guinep, 2003. ISBN 9768007141.^[11]

Martinique

• Corzani, Jack. Dictionnaire encyclopedique Desormeaux. Editions Desormeuax, [1992–1993]. ISBN 2852750201.^[11]
• Sellier, Jean, Anne. Le Fur, Bertrand de Brun. Atlas historique des provinces et régions de France: Genèse d'un peuple. La Découverte, 1997. ISBN 2707127515.^[10]

Montserrat

• Gascoigne, Bamber. Encyclopedia of Britain. Macmillan, 1993. ISBN 0028971426.^[10]

Puerto Rico

• Fernandez, Ronald, Serafin Méndez Méndez, Gail Cueto. Puerto Rico past and present: An encyclopedia. Greenwood Press, 1998. ISBN 031329822X.^[11]
• Sugrañes, José A. Toro. Nueva enciclopedia de Puerto Rico. Editorial Lector, 1995. ISBN 8487624421.^[11]

Saba

• Hoetink, H. Encyclopedie van de Nederlandse Antillen. Elsevier, 1969.^[11]

Saint Barthélemy

• Sellier, Jean, Anne. Le Fur, Bertrand de Brun. Atlas historique des provinces et régions de France: Genèse d'un peuple. La Découverte, 1997. ISBN 2707127515.^[10]

Saint Kitts and Nevis

• Gascoigne, Bamber. Encyclopedia of Britain. Macmillan, 1993. ISBN 0028971426.^[10]

Saint Lucia

• Gascoigne, Bamber. Encyclopedia of Britain. Macmillan, 1993. ISBN 0028971426.^[10]

Saint Martin

• Sellier, Jean, Anne. Le Fur, Bertrand de Brun. Atlas historique des provinces et régions de France: Genèse d'un peuple. La Découverte, 1997. ISBN 2707127515.^[10]

Saint Vincent and the Grenadines

• Gascoigne, Bamber. Encyclopedia of Britain. Macmillan, 1993. ISBN 0028971426.^[10]

Sint Eustatius

• Hoetink, H. Encyclopedie van de Nederlandse Antillen. Elsevier, 1969.^[11]

Sint Maarten

• Hoetink, H. Encyclopedie van de Nederlandse Antillen. Elsevier, 1969.^[11]

Trinidad and Tobago

• Gascoigne, Bamber. Encyclopedia of Britain. Macmillan, 1993. ISBN 0028971426.^[10]

Turks and Caicos Islands

• Gascoigne, Bamber. Encyclopedia of Britain. Macmillan, 1993. ISBN 0028971426.^[10]

Central America

• Balderston, Daniel, Mike Gonzalez, Ana M. López. Encyclopedia of contemporary Latin American and Caribbean cultures. Routledge, 2000. ISBN 041513188X.^[11]
• Bunson, Margaret, Stephen Bunson. Encyclopedia of ancient Mesoamerica. Facts on File, 1996. ISBN 0816024022.^[11]
• Carrasco, David. The Oxford encyclopedia of Mesoamerican cultures: The civilizations of Mexico and Central America. Oxford University Press, 2001. ISBN 0195108159.^[11]
• Collier, Simon, Thomas E. Skidmore, Harold Blakemore. The Cambridge encyclopedia of Latin America and the Caribbean. Cambridge University Press, 1992. ISBN 0521413222.^[11]
• Evans, Susan Toby, David L. Webster. Archaeology of ancient Mexico and Central America: An encyclopedia. Garland, 2001. ISBN 0815308876.^[11]
• Hallewell, Laurence. Historical dictionaries of Latin America. Scarecrow, 1967–. ISSN 1931-874X.^[11]
• Kinsbruner, Jay, Erick Detlef Langer. Encyclopedia of Latin American history and culture. Gale, 2008. ISBN 9780684312705.^[11]
• Phillips, Charles, David M. Jones. The illustrated encyclopedia of Aztec and Maya: The history, legend, myth and culture of the ancient native peoples of Mexico and Central America. Lorenz, 2004. ISBN 0754814890.^[11]
• Sader, Emir. Latinoamericana: Enciclopedia contemporanea da America Latina e do Caribe. Laboratorio de Politicas Publicas; Boitempo Editorial, [2006?]. ISBN 8575590847.^[11]
• Smith, Joseph. Historical dictionary of United States–Latin American relations. Scarecrow Press, 2007. ISBN 0810855291.^[11]
• Tenenbaum, Barbara A. Latin America, history and culture: An encyclopedia for students. Macmillan Library Reference, 1999. ISBN 0684805766.^[11]

Belize

• Gascoigne, Bamber. Encyclopedia of Britain. Macmillan, 1993. ISBN 0028971426.^[10]

Costa Rica

• D'Angelo, G., Carlos Gispert. Enciclopedia de Costa Rica. Océano, 2001. ISBN 8449418798.^[11]
• Ezquerra, Jaime Alvar. Diccionario Espasa historia de España y América. Espasa, 2002. ISBN 8467003162.^[10]
• Gutierrez, Pedro Rafael. Calendario historico: 500 anos de historia de Costa Rica. Universidad Autonoma de Centro America, 1988. ISBN 9977630526.^[11]

Dominican Republic

• Ezquerra, Jaime Alvar. Diccionario Espasa historia de España y América. Espasa, 2002. ISBN 8467003162.^[10]

El Salvador

• Cardenal, Rodolfo. Enciclopedia de El Salvador. Océano, [2001]. ISBN 8449416183.^[11]
• Ezquerra, Jaime Alvar. Diccionario Espasa historia de España y América. Espasa, 2002. ISBN 8467003162.^[10]
• Peñate, Óscar Martínez and María Elena Sánchez. El Salvador, diccionario: Personajes, hechos históricos, geografía e instituciones. Editorial Nuevo Enfoque, 2000. ISBN 9992380047.^[11]

Guatemala

• Ezquerra, Jaime Alvar. Diccionario Espasa historia de España y América. Espasa, 2002. ISBN 8467003162.^[10]

Honduras

• d'Angelo, Graciela. Enciclopedia de Honduras. Océano Grupo Editorial, 2004. ISBN 8449419441.^[11]
• Ezquerra, Jaime Alvar. Diccionario Espasa historia de España y América. Espasa, 2002. ISBN 8467003162.^[10]
• Ortega, Ramiro Colindres, Oscar Armando Valladares. Enciclopedia histórica de Honduras. Graficentro Editores, 1989.^[11]
• O, Ramiro Colindres. Enciclopedia hondureña ilustrada: De personajes históricos y figuras contemporáneos. Graficentro Editores, 1994.^[11]

Nicaragua

• Ezquerra, Jaime Alvar. Diccionario Espasa historia de España y América. Espasa, 2002. ISBN 8467003162.^[10]
• Gispert, Carlos. Enciclopedia de Nicaragua. Oceano, 2003. ISBN 8449422310.^[11]

Panama

• Ezquerra, Jaime Alvar. Diccionario Espasa historia de España y América. Espasa, 2002. ISBN 8467003162.^[10]

North America

• Cooke, Jacob Ernest, W. J. Eccles, Mathé Allain. Encyclopedia of the North American colonies. Charles Scribner's Sons; Macmillan Canada; Macmillan International, 1993. ISBN 0684192691.^[11]
• Keller, Rosemary Skinner, Rosemary Radford Ruether, Marie Cantlon. Encyclopedia of women and religion in North America. Indiana University Press, 2006. ISBN 0253346851.^[25]
• Miller, Randall and John D. Smith. Dictionary of Afro-American Slavery. Greenwood, 1988.^[11][28]
• Zhou, Peter X. Collecting Asia: East Asian libraries in North America, 1868–2008. Association for Asian Studies, 2010. ISBN 9780924304569.^[12]

Bermuda

• Gascoigne, Bamber. Encyclopedia of Britain. Macmillan, 1993. ISBN 0028971426.^[10]

Canada

• Bercuson, David, J. L. Granatstein. Canadian military history. Oxford University Press, 1992. ISBN 0195408470.^[11]
• The Canadian encyclopedia (aka L'encyclopédie canadienne.) . Historica Foundation, 2000.^[11]
• Ciment, James, Thaddeus Russell. The home front encyclopedia: United States, Britain, and Canada in World Wars I and II. ABC-CLIO, 2007. ISBN 978-1-57607-849-5.^[2]
• Encyclopedia of Saskatchewan. University of Regina.^[11]
• Gascoigne, Bamber. Encyclopedia of Britain. Macmillan, 1993. ISBN 0028971426.^[10]
• Gough, Barry M. Historical dictionary of Canada. Scarecrow Press, 1999. ISBN 081083541X.^[11]
• Hayes, Derek. Historical atlas of the Arctic. Douglas and McIntyre; University of Washington Press, 2003. ISBN 1553650042.^[9]
• Holland, Clive. Arctic exploration and development, c. 500 B.C. to 1915: An encyclopedia. Garland Publ., 1994. ISBN 0824076486.^[9]
• Lamar, Howard Roberts. The new encyclopedia of the American West. Yale University Press, 1998. ISBN 0300070888.^[11]
• Mills, William J. Exploring polar frontiers: A historical encyclopedia. ABC-CLIO, 2003. ISBN 1576074226.^[9]
• Myers, Jan. The Fitzhenry & Whiteside Book of Canadian Facts and Dates. Fitzhenry & Whiteside, 1986.^[29]
• Nuttall, Mark. Encyclopedia of the Arctic. Routledge, 2005. ISBN 1579584365.^[9]
• Story, Norah. Oxford Companion to Canadian History and Literature. Oxford University Press, 1967.^[30]

Greenland

• Hayes, Derek. Historical atlas of the Arctic. Douglas and McIntyre; University of Washington Press, 2003. ISBN 1553650042.^[9]
• Holland, Clive. Arctic exploration and development, c. 500 B.C. to 1915: An encyclopedia. Garland Publ., 1994. ISBN 0824076486.^[9]
• Mills, William J. Exploring polar frontiers: A historical encyclopedia. ABC-CLIO, 2003. ISBN 1576074226.^[9]
• Nuttall, Mark. Encyclopedia of the Arctic. Routledge, 2005. ISBN 1579584365.^[9]

Mexico

• Alvarez, José Rogelio. Enciclopedia de México. Enciclopedia de México, 1998. ISBN 1564090248.^[11]
• Arellanes, Anselmo. Diccionario histórico de la revolución en Oaxaca. [IIS] UABJO; IEEPO, 1997. ISBN 9687596058.^[11]
• Carrasco, David. The Oxford encyclopedia of Mesoamerican cultures: The civilizations of Mexico and Central America. Oxford University Press, 2001. ISBN 0195108159.^[11]
• Coerver, Don M., Suzanne B. Pasztor, Robert Buffington. Mexico: An encyclopedia of contemporary culture and history. ABC-CLIO, 2004. ISBN 1576071324.^[11]
• Collier, Simon, Thomas E. Skidmore, Harold Blakemore. The Cambridge encyclopedia of Latin America and the Caribbean. Cambridge University Press, 1992. ISBN 0521413222.^[11]
• Dent, David W. Encyclopedia of modern Mexico. Scarecrow Press, 2002. ISBN 0810842912.^[11]
• Evans, Susan Toby, David L. Webster. Archaeology of ancient Mexico and Central America: An encyclopedia. Garland, 2001. ISBN 0815308876.^[11]
• Ezquerra, Jaime Alvar. Diccionario Espasa historia de España y América. Espasa, 2002. ISBN 8467003162.^[10]
• Fernández, Roberto Peredo, Octavio Ochoa Contreras, Gialuanna Ayora Vázquez. Diccionario enciclopédico veracruzano. Universidad Veracruzana, 1993. ISBN 9688342939.^[11]
• Frazier, Donald S. The United States and Mexico at war: Nineteenth-century expansionism and conflict. Macmillan Reference USA, 1998. ISBN 0028646061.^[11]
• García, Carlos Román. Diccionario enciclopédico de Chiapas. Consejo Estatal para la Cultura y las Artes de Chiapas; Universidad de Ciencias y Artes del Estado de Chiapas, 2000. ISBN 9685025908.^[11]
• Guerrero Cultural Siglo XXI, A.C. Diccionario enciclopédico del Estado de Guerrero. Guerrero Cultural Siglo XXI, A.C, 1999.^[11]
• Hallewell, Laurence. Historical dictionaries of Latin America. Scarecrow, 1967–. ISSN 1931-874X.^[11]
• Higuera, Salvador Mateos. Enciclopedia gráfica del México antiguo. Secretaría de Hacienda y Crédito Público, 1992–[1994]. ISBN 9688065560.^[11]
• Instituto Nacional de Estudios Históricos de la Revolución Mexicana. Diccionario histórico y biográfico de la Revolución Mexicana. Instituto Nacional de Estudios Históricos de la Revolución Mexicana, Secretaría de Gobernación, 1990–1994. ISBN 968805562X.^[11]
• Kinsbruner, Jay, Erick Detlef Langer. Encyclopedia of Latin American history and culture. Gale, 2008. ISBN 9780684312705.^[11]
• Lamar, Howard Roberts. The new encyclopedia of the American West. Yale University Press, 1998. ISBN 0300070888.^[11]
• Musacchio, Humberto. Diccionario enciclopédico del Distrito Federal. Hoja Casa Editorial, 2000. ISBN 9686565582.^[11]
• Musacchio, Humberto. Milenios de México. Hoja Casa Editorial, 1999. ISBN 9686565345.^[11]
• Phillips, Charles, David M. Jones. The illustrated encyclopedia of Aztec and Maya: The history, legend, myth and culture of the ancient native peoples of Mexico and Central America. Lorenz, 2004. ISBN 0754814890.^[11]
• Pinzon, Soledad Mata, Carlos Zolla, Diego Méndez Granados Instituto Nacional Indigenista (Mexico). Diccionario enciclopédico de la medicina tradicional mexicana. Instituto Nacional Indigenista, 1994. ISBN 9682961335.^[11]
• Diccionario Porrúa de historia, biografía y geografía de México. Editorial Porrúa, 1995. ISBN 968452904X.^[11]
• Smith, Joseph. Historical dictionary of United States–Latin American relations. Scarecrow Press, 2007. ISBN 0810855291.^[11]
• Werner, Michael S., Tom Willcockson, Robert M. Salkin. Encyclopedia of Mexico: History, society and culture. Fitzroy Dearborn, 1997. ISBN 1884964311.^[11]

Saint Pierre and Miquelon

• Sellier, Jean, Anne. Le Fur, Bertrand de Brun. Atlas historique des provinces et régions de France: Genèse d'un peuple. La Découverte, 1997. ISBN 2707127515.^[10]

United States

• Abramson, Rudy, Jean Haskell, Jill Oxendine. Encyclopedia of Appalachia. University of Tennessee Press, 2006. ISBN 1572334568.^[11]
• Adams, James T. Dictionary of American History. Rev. ed., Scribner's, 1976.^[13]
• Atlas of American History. 2nd ed., Scribner's, 1984.^[13]
• Becker, William H. The Encyclopedia of American Business History and Biography. Facts on File/Bruccoli Clark Layman, 1988-.^[31]
• Benowitz, June Melby. Encyclopedia of American women and religion. ABC-CLIO, 1998. ISBN 0874368871.^[25]
• Boyer, Paul S., Melvyn Dubofsky. The Oxford companion to United States history. Oxford University Press, 2001. ISBN 0195082095.^[11]
• Bradley, David, Shelley Fisher Fishkin. The encyclopedia of civil rights in America. Sharpe Reference, 1998. ISBN 0765680009.^[11]
• Browne, Ray Broadus, Pat Browne. The guide to United States popular culture. Bowling Green State University Popular Press, 2001. ISBN 0879728213.^[11]
• Buenker, John D., Joseph Buenker. Encyclopedia of the Gilded Age and Progressive Era. Sharpe Reference, 2005. ISBN 0765680513.^[11]
• Carruth, Gorton. The Encyclopedia of American Facts and Dates. 9th ed., HarperCollins, 1997. ISBN 0062701924.^[3][11][26]
• Cayton, Mary Kupiec, Peter W. Williams. Encyclopedia of American cultural and intellectual history. Scribner, 2001. ISBN 0684805618.^[11]
• Cayton, Mary Kupiec, Elliott J. Gorn, Peter W. Williams. Encyclopedia of American Social History. Scribner's; Maxwell Macmillan Canada; Maxwell Macmillan International, 1993. ISBN 0684192462.^[11][26]
• Ciment, James. Colonial America: An encyclopedia of social, political, cultural, and economic history. Sharpe Reference, 2006. ISBN 0765680653.^[11]
• Ciment, James. Encyclopedia of American immigration. M.E. Sharpe, 2001. ISBN 0765680289.^[11]
• Ciment, James, Thaddeus Russell. The home front encyclopedia: United States, Britain, and Canada in World Wars I and II. ABC-CLIO, 2007. ISBN 978-1-57607-849-5.^[2]
• Ciment, James. Postwar America: An encyclopedia of social, political, cultural, and economic history. M. E. Sharpe, 2006. ISBN 076568067X.^[11]
• Clinton, Catherine, Christine A. Lunardini. The Columbia guide to American women in the nineteenth century. Columbia University Press, 2000. ISBN 0231109202.^[5][11]
• Concise Dictionary of American History. Scribner's, 1983.^[7][13]
• Corps, Terry. Historical dictionary of the Jacksonian era and Manifest Destiny. Scarecrow Press, 2006. ISBN 0810854538.^[11]
• Cullen-DuPont, Kathryn. Encyclopedia of women's history in America. Facts on File, 2000. ISBN 0816041008.^[11]
• Davis, Richard C. Encyclopedia of American forest and conservation history. Macmillan; Collier Macmillan, 1983. ISBN 0029073502.^[6][32][33]
• DeConde, Alexander, Richard Dean Burns, Fredrik Logevall. Encyclopedia of American foreign policy. Scribner, 2002. ISBN 0684806576.^[11]
• Dictionary of American Biography. Scribner's, 1928-.^[11][13]
• Duchak, Alicia. A–Z of modern America. Routledge, 1999. ISBN 0415187559.^[11]
• Encyclopedia of the North American Colonies. 1993.^[23]
• Faragher, John M. The Encyclopedia of Colonial and Revolutionary America. Facts on File, 1989.^[23]
• Ferris, William. The Greenwood encyclopedia of American regional cultures. Greenwood Press, 2004. ISBN 0313332665.^[11]
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Alaska

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American West

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Midwest

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New England

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Southern United States

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South America

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Argentina

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Bolivia

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Brazil

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• de Oliveira, José Teixeira and Affonso d'Escragnolle Taunay. Dicionário brasileiro de datas históricas. Editora Vozes, 2002. ISBN 853262698X.^[11]
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Chile

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• Ezquerra, Jaime Alvar. Diccionario Espasa historia de España y América. Espasa, 2002. ISBN 8467003162.^[10]
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• Vergara, Abraham Quezada. Diccionario de conceptos históricos y geográficos de Chile. RIL Editores, 2004. ISBN 9562843572.^[11]

Rapa Nui

• West, Barbara A. Encyclopedia of the peoples of Asia and Oceania. Facts On File, 2009. ISBN 9780816071098.^[12]

Colombia

• Ezquerra, Jaime Alvar. Diccionario Espasa historia de España y América. Espasa, 2002. ISBN 8467003162.^[10]
• Medellín, Jorge Alejandro, & Diana Fajardo Rivera. Diccionario de Colombia. Grupo Editorial Norma, 2005. ISBN 9580485615.^[11]
• Melo, Jorge Orlando, José Antonio Ocampo. Gran enciclopedia de Colombia: Temática. Círculo de Lectores, c1991–c1994. ISBN 9582802944.^[11]

Ecuador

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• Ezquerra, Jaime Alvar. Diccionario Espasa historia de España y América. Espasa, 2002. ISBN 8467003162.^[10]
• Neto, Paulo de Carvalho. Diccionario del folklore ecuatoriano. Editorial Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana, 2001. ISBN 9789978622018.^[11]
• Noboa, Fernando Jurado. Diccionario histórico genealógico de apellidos y familias de origen quechua, aymara y araucano (Ecuador). Temístocles Hernández, 2002. ISBN 9978424075.^[11]
• Ponce, Javier. Enciclopedia Ecuador a su alcance. Espasa, 2004. ISBN 9978983244.^[11]

Falkland Islands

• Gascoigne, Bamber. Encyclopedia of Britain. Macmillan, 1993. ISBN 0028971426.^[10]

French Guiana

• Corzani, Jack. Dictionnaire encyclopedique Desormeaux. Editions Desormeuax, [1992–1993]. ISBN 2852750201.^[11]
• Sellier, Jean, Anne. Le Fur, Bertrand de Brun. Atlas historique des provinces et régions de France: Genèse d'un peuple. La Découverte, 1997. ISBN 2707127515.^[10]

Guyana

• Balkaran, Lal. Dictionary of the Guyanese Amerindians and other South American native terms: An A–Z guide to their anthropology, cosmology, culture, exploration, history, geography, legend, folklore and myth. LBA, 2002. ISBN 0969983387.^[11]
• Gascoigne, Bamber. Encyclopedia of Britain. Macmillan, 1993. ISBN 0028971426.^[10]
• National History & Arts Council. Dictionary of Guyanese folklore. National History & Arts Council, 1975.^[11]

Paraguay

• Ezquerra, Jaime Alvar. Diccionario Espasa historia de España y América. Espasa, 2002. ISBN 8467003162.^[10]

Peru

• Brown, Fortunato. Todo el Perú 1996: Breve enciclopedia peruana. Ediciones Brown, 1996. OCLC 253829698.^[11]
• Enciclopedia tematica del Peru. El Comerio, 2004. ISBN 9972752003.^[11]
• Ezquerra, Jaime Alvar. Diccionario Espasa historia de España y América. Espasa, 2002. ISBN 8467003162.^[10]

Suriname

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Uruguay

• Ezquerra, Jaime Alvar. Diccionario Espasa historia de España y América. Espasa, 2002. ISBN 8467003162.^[10]
• Kohut, David R., Olga Vilella, Beatric Julian. Historical dictionary of the "dirty wars". Scarecrow Press, 2003. ISBN 0810848538.^[11]

Venezuela

• Campos, Manuel Rodriguez, Sara Colmenares. Diccionario de historia de Venezuela. Fundacion Polar, 1997. ISBN 9806397371.^[11]
• Ezquerra, Jaime Alvar. Diccionario Espasa historia de España y América. Espasa, 2002. ISBN 8467003162.^[10]
• Gran enciclopedia de Venezuela. Globe, c1998–c2001. ISBN 9806427009.^[11]
• Sanz, Rodolfo. Diccionario para uso de chavistas, chavólogos y antichavistas. Editorial Nuevo Pensamiento Crítico, 2004. ISBN 9801206527.^[11]
• Strauss, Rafael A., Nelson Garrido. Diccionario de cultura popular. Fundación Bigott, [1999]. ISBN 9806428137.^[11]

Antarctica

• Gascoigne, Bamber. Encyclopedia of Britain. Macmillan, 1993. ISBN 0028971426.^[10]
• Mills, William J. Exploring polar frontiers: A historical encyclopedia. ABC-CLIO, 2003. ISBN 1576074226.^[9]
• Riffenburgh, Beau. Encyclopedia of the Antarctic. Routledge, 2007. ISBN 0415970245.^[9]

South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands

• Gascoigne, Bamber. Encyclopedia of Britain. Macmillan, 1993. ISBN 0028971426.^[10]

Asia

• Embree, Ainslie Thomas, Asia Society. Encyclopedia of Asian history. Scribner; Collier Macmillan, 1988. ISBN 0684186195.^[12][35]
• Ghazanfar, Shaikh M. Islamic civilization: History, contributions, and influence: A compendium of literature. Scarecrow Press, 2006. ISBN 0810852640.^[12]
• Shavit, David. United States in Asia: A Historical Dictionary. Greenwood, 1990.^[24][35]
• West, Barbara A. Encyclopedia of the peoples of Asia and Oceania. Facts On File, 2009. ISBN 9780816071098.^[12]

Central Asia

• Buell, Paul D. Historical dictionary of the Mongol world empire. Scarecrow Press, 2003. ISBN 0810845717.^[12]
• Dani, Ahmad Hasan, V. M. Masson, UNESCO. History of civilizations of Central Asia. UNESCO, 1992–.^[12]
• East Asian Curriculum Project, Columbia University. The Mongols in world history. East Asian Curriculum Project. Available online here.^[12]
• Embree, Ainslie Thomas, Asia Society. Encyclopedia of Asian history. Scribner; Collier Macmillan, 1988. ISBN 0684186195.^[12][35]
• Levinson, David Karen Christensen. Encyclopedia of modern Asia. Charles Scribner's Sons, 2002. ISBN 0684806177.^[12]
• Rhyne, George N., Edward J. Lazzerini, Bruce Friend Adams. The supplement to the modern encyclopedia of Russian, Soviet and Eurasian history. Academic International Press, 1995–. ISBN 0875691420.^[12]
• Somel, Selçuk Akşin. Historical dictionary of the Ottoman Empire. Scarecrow Press, 2003. ISBN 0810843323.^[12]

Kazakhstan

• Hanks, Reuel R. Central Asia: A global studies handbook. ABC-CLIO, 2005. ISBN 1851096566.^[12]

Kyrgyzstan

• Abazov, Rafis. Historical dictionary of Kyrgyzstan. Scarecrow Press, 2004. ISBN 0810848686.^[12]
• Hanks, Reuel R. Central Asia: A global studies handbook. ABC-CLIO, 2005. ISBN 1851096566.^[12]

Tajikistan

• Abdullaev, Kamoludin, Shahram Akbarzadeh. Historical dictionary of Tajikistan. Scarecrow Press, 2002. ISBN 0810841843.^[12]

Turkmenistan

• Abazov, Rafis. Historical dictionary of Turkmenistan. Scarecrow Press, 2005. ISBN 0810853620.^[12]

Uzbekistan

• Coughlin, Kathryn M. Muslim cultures today: A reference guide. Greenwood Press, 2006. ISBN 0313323860.^[12]
• Hanks, Reuel R. Central Asia: A global studies handbook. ABC-CLIO, 2005. ISBN 1851096566.^[12]

East Asia

• Levinson, David Karen Christensen. Encyclopedia of modern Asia. Charles Scribner's Sons, 2002. ISBN 0684806177.^[12]
• Matray, James Irving. East Asia and the United States: An encyclopedia of relations since 1784. Greenwood Press, 2002. ISBN 0313305579.^[12]

China

• Buell, Paul D. Historical dictionary of the Mongol world empire. Scarecrow Press, 2003. ISBN 0810845717.^[12]
• Cheng, Linsun, Kerry Brown. Berkshire encyclopedia of China: Modern and historic views of the world's newest and oldest global power. Berkshire, 2009. ISBN 9780977015948.^[12]
• Darvis, Edward Lawrence. Encyclopedia of contemporary Chinese culture. Routledge, 2005. ISBN 0415241294.^[12]
• East Asian Curriculum Project, Columbia University. The Mongols in world history. East Asian Curriculum Project. Available online here.^[12]
• Gao, James Zheng. Historical dictionary of modern China (1800-1949). Scarecrow Press, 2009. ISBN 9780810849303.^[12]
• Guo, Jian, Yongyi Song, Yuan Zhou. Historical dictionary of the Chinese Cultural Revolution. Scarecrow Press, 2006. ISBN 0810854619.^[12]
• Historical Dictionary of Revolutionary China, 1839-1976, Greenwood, 1992.^[8][35]
• James, C. V., Chung-kuo she hui kʻo hsüeh yüan; Chung-kuo she hui kʻo hsüeh chʻu pan she. Information China: The comprehensive and authoritative reference source of new China. Pergamon Press, 1989. ISBN 0080347649.^[12]
• LaFleur, Robert André. China: A global studies handbook. ABC-CLIO, 2003. ISBN 1576072843.^[12]
• Leese, Daniel. Brill's encyclopedia of China. Brill, 2009. ISBN 9789004168633.^[12]
• Leung, Pak-Wah. Historical dictionary of revolutionary China, 1839–1976. Greenwood Press, 1992. ISBN 0313264570.^[12]
• Lieberthal, Kenneth, Bruce J. Dickson. A research guide to central party and government meetings in China, 1949–1986. M.E. Sharpe, 1989. ISBN 0873324927.^[12]
• Lin, Chun, Hans Hendrischke. The territories of the People's Republic of China. Routledge, 2006. ISBN 1857433955.^[12]
• Luo, Jing, Aimin Chen, Shunfeng Song. China today: An encyclopedia of life in the People's Republic. Greenwood Press, 2005. ISBN 0313321701.^[12]
• Michaud, Jean. Historical dictionary of the peoples of the Southeast Asian massif. Scarecrow Press, 2006. ISBN 081085466X.^[12]
• Olson, James Stuart. An ethnohistorical dictionary of China. Greenwood Press, 1998. ISBN 0313288534.^[12]
• O'Neill, Hugh. Companion to Chinese History. Facts on File, 1987.^[35]
• Pong, David. Encyclopedia of modern China. Charles Scribner's Sons/Gale, Cengage Learning, c2009. ISBN 9780684315669.^[12]
• Sullivan, Lawrence R. Historical dictionary of the People's Republic of China. Scarecrow Press, 2007. ISBN 978-0-8108-5380-5.^[12]
• Sullivan, Lawrence R., Nancy R. Hearst. Historical dictionary of the People's Republic of China, 1949–1997. Scarecrow Press, 1997. ISBN 0810833492.^[12]
• Sutter, Robert G. Historical dictionary of Chinese foreign policy. Scarecrow Press, 2011. ISBN 9780810868601.^[12]
• Tiedemann, R. G. Reference guide to Christian missionary societies in China: From the sixteenth to the twentieth century. M.E. Sharpe, 2009. ISBN 9780765618085.^[12]
• Wang, Ke-Wen. Modern China: An encyclopedia of history, culture, and nationalism. Garland Publishing, 1998. ISBN 0815307209.^[12]
• Wortzel, Larry M., Robin D. S. Higham. Dictionary of contemporary Chinese military history. Greenwood Press, 1999. ISBN 0313293376.^[12]
• Xiong, Victor Cunrui. Historical dictionary of medieval China. Scarecrow Press, 2009. ISBN 9780810860537.^[12]

Hong Kong

• Chan, Ming K., Shiu-Hing Lo. Historical dictionary of the Hong Kong SAR and the Macao SAR. Scarecrow Press, 2006. ISBN 0810850613.^[12]
• Roberts, Elfed Vaughan, Ngai-Ling Sum, Peter Bradshaw. Historical dictionary of Hong Kong and Macau. Scarecrow Press, 1992. ISBN 0810825740.^[12]
• Sutter, Robert G. Historical dictionary of Chinese foreign policy. Scarecrow Press, 2011. ISBN 9780810868601.^[12]

Macau

• Chan, Ming K., Shiu-Hing Lo. Historical dictionary of the Hong Kong SAR and the Macao SAR. Scarecrow Press, 2006. ISBN 0810850613.^[12]
• Roberts, Elfed Vaughan, Ngai-Ling Sum, Peter Bradshaw. Historical dictionary of Hong Kong and Macau. Scarecrow Press, 1992. ISBN 0810825740.^[12]

Japan

• Bowring, Richard John, Peter F. Kornicki. The Cambridge encyclopedia of Japan. Cambridge University Press, 1993. ISBN 0521403529.^[12]
• Ellington, Lucien. Japan: A global studies handbook. ABC CLIO, 2002. ISBN 1576072711.^[12]
• Embree, Ainslie Thomas, Asia Society. Encyclopedia of Asian history. Scribner; Collier Macmillan, 1988. ISBN 0684186195.^[12][35]
• Hoover, William D. Historical dictionary of postwar Japan. Scarecrow Press, 2011. ISBN 9780810854604.^[12]
• Huffman, James L. Modern Japan: An encyclopedia of history, culture, and nationalism. Garland Publishing, 1998.^[12]
• Hunter, Janet. Concise Dictionary of Modern Japanese History. University of California Press, 1984.^[35]
• Kodansha Encyclopedia of Japan. Kodansha, 2002. Available online here.^[12]
• Kokushi Daijiten Henshū Iinkai. Kokushi Daijiten. Yoshikawa Kobunkan, 1979-1997. ISBN 4642005013(v.1).^[12]
• Perez, Louis G. Japan at war: an encyclopedia. ABC-CLIO, 2013. ISBN 9781598847413.^[12]
• Stockwin, J. A. A. Dictionary of the modern politics of Japan. Routledge Curzon, 2003. ISBN 0415151708.^[12]
• Van Sant, John E., Peter Mauch, Yoneyuki Sugita. Historical dictionary of United States–Japan relations. Scarecrow Press, 2007. ISBN 978-0-8108-5608-0.^[12]

North Korea

• Connor, Mary E. The Koreas: A global studies handbook. ABC-CLIO, 2002. ISBN 1576072770.^[12]
• Embree, Ainslie Thomas, Asia Society. Encyclopedia of Asian history. Scribner; Collier Macmillan, 1988. ISBN 0684186195.^[12][35]
• Kim, Ilpyong J. Historical dictionary of North Korea. Scarecrow Press, 2003. ISBN 0810843315.^[12]
• Pratt, Keith L., Richard Rutt, James Hoare. Korea: A historical and cultural dictionary. Curzon Press, 1999. ISBN 0700704647; ISBN 0700704639 (pbk.)^[12]
• Yŏnhap Tʻongsin. North Korea handbook. M.E. Sharpe, 2002. ISBN 0765610043.^[12]

Korean War

• Lentz, Robert J. Korean War filmography: 91 English language features through 2000. McFarland, 2003. ISBN 0786410469.^[12]
• Matray, James. Historical Dictionary of the Korean War. Greenwood, 1991.^[40]
• Summers, Harry G. Korean War Almanac. Facts on File, 1990.^[40]
• Spencer Tucker, Paul G. Pierpaoli, Jinwung Kim, Xiaobing Li, James Irving Matray. The encyclopedia of the Korean War: A political, social, and military history. ABC-CLIO, 2010. ISBN 9781851098491.^[12]

South Korea

• Connor, Mary E. The Koreas: A global studies handbook. ABC-CLIO, 2002. ISBN 1576072770.^[12]
• Embree, Ainslie Thomas, Asia Society. Encyclopedia of Asian history. Scribner; Collier Macmillan, 1988. ISBN 0684186195.^[12][35]
• Nahm, Andrew C., James Hoare. Historical dictionary of the Republic of Korea. Scarecrow Press, 2004.^[12]
• Pratt, Keith L., Richard Rutt, James Hoare. Korea: A historical and cultural dictionary. Curzon Press, 1999. ISBN 0700704647; ISBN 0700704639 (pbk.)^[12]

Korean War

• Lentz, Robert J. Korean War filmography: 91 English language features through 2000. McFarland, 2003. ISBN 0786410469.^[12]
• Matray, James. Historical Dictionary of the Korean War. Greenwood, 1991.^[40]
• Summers, Harry G. Korean War Almanac. Facts on File, 1990.^[40]
• Spencer Tucker, Paul G. Pierpaoli, Jinwung Kim, Xiaobing Li, James Irving Matray. The encyclopedia of the Korean War: A political, social, and military history. ABC-CLIO, 2010. ISBN 9781851098491.^[12]

Mongolia

• Atwood, Christopher Pratt. Encyclopedia of Mongolia and the Mongol empire. Facts On File, 2004. ISBN 0816046719.^[12]
• Sanders, Alan J. K. Historical dictionary of Mongolia. Scarecrow Press, 2010. ISBN 9780810861916.^[12]

Taiwan

• Cooper, John Franklin. Historical dictionary of Taiwan (Republic of China). Scarecrow Press, 2007. ISBN 978-0-8108-5600-4.^[12]
• Lin, Chun, Hans Hendrischke. The territories of the People's Republic of China. Routledge, 2006. ISBN 1857433955.^[12]
• Olson, James Stuart. An ethnohistorical dictionary of China. Greenwood Press, 1998. ISBN 0313288534.^[12]
• Sutter, Robert G. Historical dictionary of Chinese foreign policy. Scarecrow Press, 2011. ISBN 9780810868601.^[12]

Middle East

• Buell, Paul D. Historical dictionary of the Mongol world empire. Scarecrow Press, 2003. ISBN 0810845717.^[12]
• East Asian Curriculum Project, Columbia University. The Mongols in world history. East Asian Curriculum Project. Available online here.^[12]
• Hahn, Peter L. Historical dictionary of United States–Middle East relations. Scarecrow Press, 2007. ISBN 978-0-8108-5549-6.^[12]
• Hiro, Dilip. The essential Middle East: A comprehensive guide. Carroll & Graf, 2003. ISBN 0786712694.^[12]
• International encyclopaedia for the Middle Ages (IEMA): A supplement to LexMA-online. Brepols. Available online here.^[2]
• Lexikon des Mittelalters online (LexMA). Brepols. Available online here. (German).^[2]
• Mattar, Philip. Encyclopedia of the modern Middle East and North Africa. Macmillan Reference USA, 2004. ISBN 0028657691.^[12][16]
• Shavit, David. United States in Asia: A Historical Dictionary. Greenwood, 1990. ISBN 0313253412.^[12][24][35]
• Talhami, Ghada Hashem. Historical dictionary of women in the Middle East and North Africa. Scarecrow Press, 2013. ISBN 9780810868588.^[5][12]

Byzantium

• Kazhdan, Alexander B. The Oxford Dictionary of Byzantium. Oxford University Press, 1991. ISBN 014051323X.^[2][14][15]

Russia

• A. I. Podberezkin Dukhovnoe nasledie. Rossiia—2000: Sovremennaia politicheskaia istoriia (1985–1999 gody). Vserossiiskoe obshchestvenno-politicheskoe dvizhenie v podderzhku otechestvennoi nauki, kultury, obrazovaniia, zdravookhraneniia i predprinimatel'stva "Dukhovnoe nasledie": RAU-Korporatsiia, 2000. ISBN 586014122X.^[10]
• Bienkowski, Piotr, A. R. Millard. Dictionary of the ancient Near East. University of Pennsylvania Press, 2000. ISBN 0812235576.^[12]
• Blackwell Encyclopedia of the Russian Revolution. Blackwell, 1988.^[41]
• Coughlin, Kathryn M. Muslim cultures today: A reference guide. Greenwood Press, 2006. ISBN 0313323860.^[12]
• Hayes, Derek. Historical atlas of the Arctic. Douglas and McIntyre; University of Washington Press, 2003. ISBN 1553650042.^[9]
• Holland, Clive. Arctic exploration and development, c. 500 B.C. to 1915: An encyclopedia. Garland Publ., 1994. ISBN 0824076486.^[9]
• Jackson, George D., Robert James Devlin. Dictionary of the Russian Revolution. Greenwood Press, 1989. ISBN 0313211310.^[10][41]
• Langer, Lawrence N. Historical dictionary of medieval Russia. Scarecrow Press, 2002. ISBN 0810840804.^[10]
• Mills, William J. Exploring polar frontiers: A historical encyclopedia. ABC-CLIO, 2003. ISBN 1576074226.^[9]
• Nuttall, Mark. Encyclopedia of the Arctic. Routledge, 2005. ISBN 1579584365.^[9]
• Paxton, John. Encyclopedia of Russian History: From the Christianization of Kiev to the Breakup of the USSR. ABC-Clio, 1993.^[23][41]
• Rhyne, George N., Edward J. Lazzerini, Bruce Friend Adams. The supplement to the modern encyclopedia of Russian, Soviet and Eurasian history. Academic International Press, 1995–. ISBN 0875691420.^[12]
• Shmidt, S. O., M. I. Andreev, V. M. Karev. Moskva: Entsiklopediia. Bol'shaia Rossiiskaia entsiklopediia, 1998. ISBN 5852702773.^[10]

Soviet Union

• Sovet Narodnykh Komissarov SSSR, Sovet Ministrov SSSR, Kabinet Ministrov SSSR, 1923–1991: Entsiklopedicheskii spravochnik. Izd-vo obʺedineniia "Mosgorarkhiv", 1999. ISBN 5722800686.^[42]

South Asia

• Embree, Ainslie Thomas, Asia Society. Encyclopedia of Asian history. Scribner; Collier Macmillan, 1988. ISBN 0684186195.^[12][35]
• Levinson, David Karen Christensen. Encyclopedia of modern Asia. Charles Scribner's Sons, 2002. ISBN 0684806177.^[12]

Afghanistan

• Adamec, Ludwig W. Historical dictionary of Afghan wars, revolutions, and insurgencies. Scarecrow Press, 2005. ISBN 0810849488.^[12]
• Adamec, Ludwig W. Historical dictionary of Afghanistan. Scarecrow Press, 2003. ISBN 081084852X.^[12]
• Clements, Frank A. Conflict in Afghanistan: A historical encyclopedia. ABC-CLIO, 2003. ISBN 1851094024.^[12]
• Coughlin, Kathryn M. Muslim cultures today: A reference guide. Greenwood Press, 2006. ISBN 0313323860.^[12]

Bangladesh

• Gascoigne, Bamber. Encyclopedia of Britain. Macmillan, 1993. ISBN 0028971426.^[10]
• Rahman, Syedur, Craig Baxter. Historical dictionary of Bangladesh. Scarecrow Press, 2010. ISBN 9780810867666.^[12]
• Wolpert, Stanley A. Encyclopedia of India. Charles Scribner's Sons, Thomson Gale, 2006. ISBN 0684313499.^[12]

British Indian Ocean Territory

• Gascoigne, Bamber. Encyclopedia of Britain. Macmillan, 1993. ISBN 0028971426.^[10]

India

• Battacherje, S. B. Encyclopaedia of Indian events and dates. New Dawn Press, 2006. ISBN 193270549X.^[12]
• Bhattacharyya, Narendra Nath. The Geographical dictionary: Ancient and early medieval India. Munshiram Manoharlal Publishers, 1991. ISBN 8121500788.^[12]
• Blackwell, Frita. India: A global studies handbook. ABC-CLIO, 2004. ISBN 1576073483.^[12]
• Coughlin, Kathryn M. Muslim cultures today: A reference guide. Greenwood Press, 2006. ISBN 0313323860.^[12]
• Gascoigne, Bamber. Encyclopedia of Britain. Macmillan, 1993. ISBN 0028971426.^[10]
• Ghosh, A. An Encyclopedia of Indian Archaeology. Munshiram Manoharlal, 1989.^[23]
• Kapoor, Subodh. The Indian encyclopaedia: Biographical, historical, religious, administrative, ethnological, commercial and scientific. Cosmo Publications, 2002. ISBN 8177552570.^[12]
• Khan, Iqtidar Alam. Historical dictionary of medieval India. Scarecrow Press, 2008. ISBN 978-0-8108-5503-8.^[12]
• Mansighn, Surjit. Historical dictionary of India. Scarecrow Press, 2006. ISBN 0810847701.^[12]
• Mehra, Parshotam. Dictionary of Modern Indian History, 1707-1947. Oxford University Press, 1985.^[35]
• Olson, James Stuart. An ethnohistorical dictionary of China. Greenwood Press, 1998. ISBN 0313288534.^[12]
• Roy, Kumkum. Historical dictionary of ancient India. Scarecrow Press, 2009. ISBN 9780810853669.^[12]
• Wolpert, Stanley A. Encyclopedia of India. Charles Scribner's Sons, Thomson Gale, 2006. ISBN 0684313499.^[12]

Maldives

• Gascoigne, Bamber. Encyclopedia of Britain. Macmillan, 1993. ISBN 0028971426.^[10]

Nepal

• Shrestha, Nanda R., Keshav Bhattarai. Historical dictionary of Nepal. Oxford: Scarecrow Press, 2003. ISBN 0810847973.^[12]
• Wolpert, Stanley A. Encyclopedia of India. Charles Scribner's Sons, Thomson Gale, 2006. ISBN 0684313499.^[12]

Pakistan

• Burki, Shahid Javed. Historical dictionary of Pakistan. Scarecrow Press, 2006. ISBN 9780810856011.^[12]
• Coughlin, Kathryn M. Muslim cultures today: A reference guide. Greenwood Press, 2006. ISBN 0313323860.^[12]
• Gascoigne, Bamber. Encyclopedia of Britain. Macmillan, 1993. ISBN 0028971426.^[10]
• Wolpert, Stanley A. Encyclopedia of India. Charles Scribner's Sons, Thomson Gale, 2006. ISBN 0684313499.^[12]

Sri Lanka

• Gascoigne, Bamber. Encyclopedia of Britain. Macmillan, 1993. ISBN 0028971426.^[10]
• Gunawardena, C. A. Encyclopedia of Sri Lanka. New Dawn Press, 2006. ISBN 1932705481.^[12]
• Samarasinghe, S. W. R. de A., Vidyamali Samarasinghe. Historical dictionary of Sri Lanka. Scarecrow Press, 1998. ISBN 0810832801.^[12]
• Wolpert, Stanley A. Encyclopedia of India. Charles Scribner's Sons, Thomson Gale, 2006. ISBN 0684313499.^[12]

Southeast Asia

• Dalby, Andrew. South East Asia: A guide to reference material. Hans Zell Publishers, 1993. ISBN 1873836007.^[12]
• Embree, Ainslie Thomas, Asia Society. Encyclopedia of Asian history. Scribner; Collier Macmillan, 1988. ISBN 0684186195.^[12][35]
• Levinson, David Karen Christensen. Encyclopedia of modern Asia. Charles Scribner's Sons, 2002. ISBN 0684806177.^[12]
• Miksic, John N. Historical dictionary of ancient Southeast Asia. Scarecrow Press, 2007. ISBN 0810855224.^[12]
• Oni, Keat Gin. Southeast Asia: A historical encyclopedia, from Angkor Wat to East Timor. ABC-CLIO, 2004. ISBN 1576077705.^[12]
• Weatherbee, Donald E. Historical dictionary of United States–Southeast Asia relations. Scarecrow Press, 2008. ISBN 978-0-8108-5542-7.^[12]

Brunei

• Gascoigne, Bamber. Encyclopedia of Britain. Macmillan, 1993. ISBN 0028971426.^[10]
• Sidhu, Jatswan S., Ranjit Singh. Historical dictionary of Brunei Darussalam. Scarecrow Press, 2010. ISBN 9780810859807.^[12]

Cambodia

• Corfield, Justin J., Laura Summers. Historical dictionary of Cambodia. Scarecrow Press, 2003. ISBN 0810845245.^[12]
• Michaud, Jean. Historical dictionary of the peoples of the Southeast Asian massif. Scarecrow Press, 2006. ISBN 081085466X.^[12]

East Timor

• Gunn, Geoffrey C. Historical dictionary of East Timor. Scarecrow Press, 2011. ISBN 9780810867543.^[12]

Indonesia

• Coughlin, Kathryn M. Muslim cultures today: A reference guide. Greenwood Press, 2006. ISBN 0313323860.^[12]
• Cribb, R. B. Historical dictionary of Indonesia. Scarecrow Press, 1992. ISBN 0810825422.^[12]
• Lamoureux, Florence. Indonesia: A global studies handbook. ABC-CLIO, 2003. ISBN 1576079139.^[12]
• Post, Peter, William H. Frederick, Iris Heidebrink, Shigeru Satō, William Bradley Horton, Didi Kwartanada, Nederlands Instituut voor Oorlogsdocumentatie. The encyclopedia of Indonesia in the Pacific War. Brill, 2010. ISBN 9789004168664.^[12]

Laos

• Michaud, Jean. Historical dictionary of the peoples of the Southeast Asian massif. Scarecrow Press, 2006. ISBN 081085466X.^[12]
• Stuart-Fox, Martin. Historical dictionary of Laos. Scarecrow Press, 2008. ISBN 978-0-8108-5624-0.^[12]

Malaysia

• Gascoigne, Bamber. Encyclopedia of Britain. Macmillan, 1993. ISBN 0028971426.^[10]
• Ooi, Keat Gin. Historical dictionary of Malaysia. Scarecrow Press, 2009. ISBN 9780810859555.^[12]

Myanmar

• Michaud, Jean. Historical dictionary of the peoples of the Southeast Asian massif. Scarecrow Press, 2006. ISBN 081085466X.^[12]
• Seekins, Donald M. Historical dictionary of Burma (Myanmar). Scarecrow Press, 2006. ISBN 9780810854765.^[12]

Philippines

• Guillermo, Artemio R., May Kyi Win. Historical dictionary of the Philippines. Scarecrow Press, 2005. ISBN 0810854902.^[12]
• Senate of the Philippines. Senate of the Philippines. Available online here.^[12]
• Tucker, Spencer D., James Arnold, Roberta Wiener, Paul G. Pierpaoli, Jack McCallum, Justin D. Murphy. The encyclopedia of the Spanish-American and Philippine-American wars: A political, social, and military history. ABC-CLIO, 2009. ISBN 9781851099511.^[12]
• Woods, Damon L. The Philippines: A global studies handbook. ABC-CLIO, 2006. ISBN 1851096752.^[12]

Singapore

• Corfield, Justin J., Robin Corfield. Encyclopedia of Singapore. Scarecrow Press, 2006. ISBN 0810853477.^[12]
• Corfield, Justin J., K. Mulliner. Historical dictionary of Singapore. Scarecrow Press, 2011. ISBN 9780810871847.^[12]
• Gascoigne, Bamber. Encyclopedia of Britain. Macmillan, 1993. ISBN 0028971426.^[10]

Thailand

• Michaud, Jean. Historical dictionary of the peoples of the Southeast Asian massif. Scarecrow Press, 2006. ISBN 081085466X.^[12]
• Smith, Harold E., Gayla S. Nieminen, May Kyi Win. Historical dictionary of Thailand. Scarecrow Press, 2005. ISBN 0810853965.^[12]

Vietnam

• Lockhart, Bruce McFarland, William J. Duiker. Historical dictionary of Vietnam. Scarecrow Press, 2006. ISBN 0810850532.^[12]
• Michaud, Jean. Historical dictionary of the peoples of the Southeast Asian massif. Scarecrow Press, 2006. ISBN 081085466X.^[12]
• Woods, L. Shelton. Vietnam: A global studies handbook. ABC-CLIO, 2002. ISBN 1576074161.^[12]

Vietnam War

• Anderson, David L. The Columbia guide to the Vietnam War. Columbia University Press, 2002. ISBN 0231114923.^[12]
• Frankum, Ronald Bruce. Historical dictionary of the war in Vietnam. Scarecrow Press, 2011. ISBN 9780810867963.^[12]
• Kutler, Stanley. Encyclopedia of the Vietnam War. Simon & Schuster, 1994.^[43]
• Olson, James S. Dictionary of the Vietnam War. Greenwood, 1988.^[43]
• Summers, Harry. Vietnam War Almanac. Facts on File, 1985.^[43]
• Tucker, Spencer C, Paul G. Pierpaoli, Jr., Merle L. Pribbenow II, James H. Willbanks, David T. Zabecki. The encyclopedia of the Vietnam War: A political, social, and military history. ABC-CLIO, 2011. ISBN 9781851099603.^[12]

Western Asia

• Clements, Frank. Historical dictionary of Arab and Islamic organizations. Scarecrow Press, 2001. ISBN 0810839776.^[12]
• Dumper, Michael, Bruce E. Stanley, Janet L. Abu-Lughod. Cities of the Middle East and North Africa: A historical encyclopedia. ABC-CLIO, 2007. ISBN 1576079198.^[12]
• ETANA: Electronic tools and ancient Near Eastern archives. Available online here.^[12]
• Kumaraswamy, P. R. Historical dictionary of the Arab-Israeli conflict. Scarecrow Press, 2006. ISBN 0810853434.^[12]
• Mawṣililī, Ahmad. Historical dictionary of Islamic fundamentalist movements in the Arab world, Iran, and Turkey. Scarecrow Press, 1999. ISBN 0810836092.^[25]
• Meyers, Eric M., American Schools of Oriental Research. The Oxford encyclopedia of archaeology in the Near East. Oxford University Press, 1997. ISBN 0195065123.^[12]
• Somel, Selçuk Akşin. Historical dictionary of the Ottoman Empire. Scarecrow Press, 2003. ISBN 0810843323.^[12]
• Who's who in the Arab world. Publitec Editions, 1966–. ISSN 0083-9752.^[12]

Armenia

• Adalian, Rouben Paul. Historical dictionary of Armenia. Scarecrow Press, 2002. ISBN 0810843374.^[12]
• Bienkowski, Piotr, A. R. Millard. Dictionary of the ancient Near East. University of Pennsylvania Press, 2000. ISBN 0812235576.^[12]

Bahrain

• Bienkowski, Piotr, A. R. Millard. Dictionary of the ancient Near East. University of Pennsylvania Press, 2000. ISBN 0812235576.^[12]
• Peck, Malcolm C. Historical dictionary of the Gulf Arab states. Scarecrow Press, 2007. ISBN 9780810854.^[12]

Iran

• Bienkowski, Piotr, A. R. Millard. Dictionary of the ancient Near East. University of Pennsylvania Press, 2000. ISBN 0812235576.^[12]
• Coughlin, Kathryn M. Muslim cultures today: A reference guide. Greenwood Press, 2006. ISBN 0313323860.^[12]
• Embree, Ainslie Thomas, Asia Society. Encyclopedia of Asian history. Scribner; Collier Macmillan, 1988. ISBN 0684186195.^[12][35]
• Gunter, Michael M. Historical dictionary of the Kurds. Scarecrow Press, 2004. ISBN 0810848708.^[12]
• Leick, Gwendolyn. Historical dictionary of Mesopotamia. Scarecrow Press, 2003. ISBN 0810846497.^[12]
• Lorentz, John H. Historical dictionary of Iran. Scarecrow Press, 2007. ISBN 978-0-8108-5330-0.^[12]
• Mawṣililī, Ahmad. Historical dictionary of Islamic fundamentalist movements in the Arab world, Iran, and Turkey. Scarecrow Press, 1999. ISBN 0810836092.^[25]
• Yar-Shater, Ehsan. Encyclopaedia Iranica. Columbia University Center for Iranian Studies, 2002. Available online here.^[12]

Iraq

• Bienkowski, Piotr, A. R. Millard. Dictionary of the ancient Near East. University of Pennsylvania Press, 2000. ISBN 0812235576.^[12]
• Coughlin, Kathryn M. Muslim cultures today: A reference guide. Greenwood Press, 2006. ISBN 0313323860.^[12]
• Ghareeb, Edmund, Beth Dougherty. Historical dictionary of Iraq. Scarecrow Press, 2004. ISBN 0810843307.^[12]
• Gunter, Michael M. Historical dictionary of the Kurds. Scarecrow Press, 2004. ISBN 0810848708.^[12]
• Leick, Gwendolyn. Historical dictionary of Mesopotamia. Scarecrow Press, 2003. ISBN 0810846497.^[12]

Israel

• Bienkowski, Piotr, A. R. Millard. Dictionary of the ancient Near East. University of Pennsylvania Press, 2000. ISBN 0812235576.^[12]
• Edelheit, Hershel, Abraham J. Edelheit. History of Zionism: A handbook and dictionary. Westview, [2000]. ISBN 0813329817.^[12]
• Kumaraswamy, P. R. Historical dictionary of the Arab-Israeli conflict. Scarecrow Press, 2006. ISBN 0810853434.^[12]
• Medoff, Rafael, Chaim Isaac Waxman. Historical dictionary of Zionism. Scarecrow Press, 2000. ISBN 0810837730.^[12]
• Reich, Bernard. Historical Dictionary of Israel. Scarecrow Press, 1992.^[8]
• Reich, Bernard, David Howard Goldberg, Historical dictionary of Israel. Scarecrow Press, 2008. ISBN 978-0-8108-5541-0.^[12]
• Wigoder, Geoffrey. New encyclopedia of Zionism and Israel. Fairleigh Dickinson University Press; Associated University Presses, 1994. ISBN 0838634338.^[12]

Jordan

• Bienkowski, Piotr, A. R. Millard. Dictionary of the ancient Near East. University of Pennsylvania Press, 2000. ISBN 0812235576.^[12]

Kuwait

• Bienkowski, Piotr, A. R. Millard. Dictionary of the ancient Near East. University of Pennsylvania Press, 2000. ISBN 0812235576.^[12]
• Leick, Gwendolyn. Historical dictionary of Mesopotamia. Scarecrow Press, 2003. ISBN 0810846497.^[12]
• Peck, Malcolm C. Historical dictionary of the Gulf Arab states. Scarecrow Press, 2007. ISBN 9780810854.^[12]

Lebanon

• AbuKhalil, Asʻad. Historical dictionary of Lebanon. Scarecrow Press, 1998. ISBN 0810833956.^[12]
• Bienkowski, Piotr, A. R. Millard. Dictionary of the ancient Near East. University of Pennsylvania Press, 2000. ISBN 0812235576.^[12]

Oman

• Bienkowski, Piotr, A. R. Millard. Dictionary of the ancient Near East. University of Pennsylvania Press, 2000. ISBN 0812235576.^[12]
• Peck, Malcolm C. Historical dictionary of the Gulf Arab states. Scarecrow Press, 2007. ISBN 9780810854.^[12]

Palestine

• Bienkowski, Piotr, A. R. Millard. Dictionary of the ancient Near East. University of Pennsylvania Press, 2000. ISBN 0812235576.^[12]
• Kumaraswamy, P. R. Historical dictionary of the Arab-Israeli conflict. Scarecrow Press, 2006. ISBN 0810853434.^[12]
• Mattar, Philip. Encyclopedia of the Palestinians. Facts on File, 2005. ISBN 0816057648.^[12]
• Nazzal, Nafez, Laila A. Nazzal. Historical dictionary of Palestine. Scarecrow Press, 1997. ISBN 0810832399.^[12]

Qatar

• Bienkowski, Piotr, A. R. Millard. Dictionary of the ancient Near East. University of Pennsylvania Press, 2000. ISBN 0812235576.^[12]
• Peck, Malcolm C. Historical dictionary of the Gulf Arab states. Scarecrow Press, 2007. ISBN 9780810854.^[12]

Saudi Arabia

• Bienkowski, Piotr, A. R. Millard. Dictionary of the ancient Near East. University of Pennsylvania Press, 2000. ISBN 0812235576.^[12]
• Coughlin, Kathryn M. Muslim cultures today: A reference guide. Greenwood Press, 2006. ISBN 0313323860.^[12]
• Peterson, John. Historical dictionary of Saudi Arabia. Scarecrow Press, 2003. ISBN 0810846772.^[12]

Syria

• Bienkowski, Piotr, A. R. Millard. Dictionary of the ancient Near East. University of Pennsylvania Press, 2000. ISBN 0812235576.^[12]
• Commins, David Dean. Historical dictionary of Syria. Scarecrow Press, 2004. ISBN 0810849348.^[12]
• Gunter, Michael M. Historical dictionary of the Kurds. Scarecrow Press, 2004. ISBN 0810848708.^[12]
• Leick, Gwendolyn. Historical dictionary of Mesopotamia. Scarecrow Press, 2003. ISBN 0810846497.^[12]

United Arab Emirates

• Bienkowski, Piotr, A. R. Millard. Dictionary of the ancient Near East. University of Pennsylvania Press, 2000. ISBN 0812235576.^[12]
• Peck, Malcolm C. Historical dictionary of the Gulf Arab states. Scarecrow Press, 2007. ISBN 9780810854.^[12]

Yemen

• Bienkowski, Piotr, A. R. Millard. Dictionary of the ancient Near East. University of Pennsylvania Press, 2000. ISBN 0812235576.^[12]
• Burrowes, Robert D. Historical dictionary of Yemen. Scarecrow Press, 1995. ISBN 0810829878.^[12]

Atlantic Ocean

Saint Helena, Ascension, and Tristan da Cunha

• Gascoigne, Bamber. Encyclopedia of Britain. Macmillan, 1993. ISBN 0028971426.^[10]

Europe

• Cook, Chris, Philip Broadhead. The Routledge companion to early modern Europe, 1453–1763. Routledge, 2006. ISBN 9780415409575.^[10]
• International encyclopaedia for the Middle Ages (IEMA): A supplement to LexMA-online. Brepols. Available online here.^[2]
• Koch, John T., Antone Minard. The Celts: history, life, and culture. ABC-CLIO, 2012. ISBN 9781598849646.^[10]
• Lexikon des Mittelalters online (LexMA). Brepols. Available online here. (German).^[2]
• Merriman, John M., J. M. Winter. Europe since 1914: Encyclopedia of the age of war and reconstruction. Charles Scribner's Sons/Thomson Gale, 2006. ISBN 0684313650.^[10]
• Olsen, James S. Historical Dictionary of European Imperialism. Greenwood, 1991.^[8]
• Roy, Joacquin, Aimee Kanner. Historical dictionary of the European Union. Scarecrow Press, 2006. ISBN 0810853140.^[10]
• Spector, Shmuel, Geoffrey Wigoder. The encyclopedia of Jewish life before and during the Holocaust. Yad Vashem; New York University Press, 2001. ISBN 0814793568.^[2]

Central Europe

• Webb, Adrian. The longman companion to Central and Eastern Europe since 1919. Longman, 2002. ISBN 0582437326.^[10]

Italy

• Coppa, Frank J. Dictionary of modern Italian history. Greenwood Press, 1985. ISBN 031322983X.^[10]

Liechtenstein

• Jeep, John M. Medieval Germany: An encyclopedia. Garland, 2001. ISBN 0824076443.^[10]

Switzerland

• Jeep, John M. Medieval Germany: An encyclopedia. Garland, 2001. ISBN 0824076443.^[10]
• Sandford, John. Encyclopedia of contemporary German culture. Routledge, 1999. ISBN 0415124484.^[10]
• Schelbert, Leo. Historical dictionary of Switzerland. Scarecrow Press, 2007. ISBN 978-0-8108-4931-0.^[10]

Eastern Europe

• Spector, Shmuel, Geoffrey Wigoder. The encyclopedia of Jewish life before and during the Holocaust. Yad Vashem; New York University Press, 2001. ISBN 0814793568.^[2][10]
• Webb, Adrian. The longman companion to Central and Eastern Europe since 1919. Longman, 2002. ISBN 0582437326.^[10]

Azerbaijan

• Bienkowski, Piotr, A. R. Millard. Dictionary of the ancient Near East. University of Pennsylvania Press, 2000. ISBN 0812235576.^[12]
• Swietochowski, Tadeusz, Brian C. Collins. Historical dictionary of Azerbaijan. Scarecrow Press, 1999. ISBN 0810835509.^[12]

Baltic states

Estonia

• Miljan, Toivo. Historical dictionary of Estonia. Scarecrow Press, 2004. ISBN 0810849046.^[10]

Latvia

Lithuania

Croatia

• Frucht, Richard C. Encyclopedia of Eastern Europe: From the Congress of Vienna to the fall of communism. Garland Publishing, 2000. ISBN 0815300921.^[10]
• Roman, Eric. Austria-Hungary and the successor states: A reference guide from the Renaissance to the present. Facts On File, 2003. ISBN 0816045372.^[10]
• Šuster, Željan. Historical dictionary of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia. Scarecrow Press, 1999. ISBN 0810834669.^[10]

Czech Republic

• Frucht, Richard C. Encyclopedia of Eastern Europe: From the Congress of Vienna to the fall of communism. Garland Publishing, 2000. ISBN 0815300921.^[10]
• Hochman, Jiri. Historical dictionary of the Czech State. Scarecrow Press, 1998. ISBN 0810833387.^[10]
• Roman, Eric. Austria-Hungary and the successor states: A reference guide from the Renaissance to the present. Facts On File, 2003. ISBN 0816045372.^[10]

Georgia

• Bienkowski, Piotr, A. R. Millard. Dictionary of the ancient Near East. University of Pennsylvania Press, 2000. ISBN 0812235576.^[12]
• Mikaberidze, Alexander. Historical dictionary of Georgia. Scarecrow Press, 2007. ISBN 978-0-8108-5580-9.^[12]

Hungary

• Frucht, Richard C. Encyclopedia of Eastern Europe: From the Congress of Vienna to the fall of communism. Garland Publishing, 2000. ISBN 0815300921.^[10]
• Roman, Eric. Austria-Hungary and the successor states: A reference guide from the Renaissance to the present. Facts On File, 2003. ISBN 0816045372.^[10]

Poland

• Dzieęgielewski, Jan. Encyklopedia historii Polski: Dzieje polityczne. Morex: Egross, 1994–1995. ISBN 839025221X.^[10]
• Frucht, Richard C. Encyclopedia of Eastern Europe: From the Congress of Vienna to the fall of communism. Garland Publishing, 2000. ISBN 0815300921.^[10]
• Gorzdecka-Sanford, Adriana. Historical dictionary of Warsaw. Scarecrow Press, 1997. ISBN 0810832992.^[10]

Romania

• Frucht, Richard C. Encyclopedia of Eastern Europe: From the Congress of Vienna to the fall of communism. Garland Publishing, 2000. ISBN 0815300921.^[10]

Russia

• Blackwell Encyclopedia of the Russian Revolution. Blackwell, 1988.^[41]
• Jackson, George & Robert Devlin. Dictionary of the Russian Revolution. Greenwood, 1989.^[41]
• Paxton, John. Encyclopedia of Russian History: From the Christianization of Kiev to the Breakup of the USSR. ABC-Clio, 1993.^[23][41]

Slovakia

• Frucht, Richard C. Encyclopedia of Eastern Europe: From the Congress of Vienna to the fall of communism. Garland Publishing, 2000. ISBN 0815300921.^[10]
• Roman, Eric. Austria-Hungary and the successor states: A reference guide from the Renaissance to the present. Facts On File, 2003. ISBN 0816045372.^[10]

Slovenia

• Frucht, Richard C. Encyclopedia of Eastern Europe: From the Congress of Vienna to the fall of communism. Garland Publishing, 2000. ISBN 0815300921.^[10]
• Roman, Eric. Austria-Hungary and the successor states: A reference guide from the Renaissance to the present. Facts On File, 2003. ISBN 0816045372.^[10]
• Šuster, Željan. Historical dictionary of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia. Scarecrow Press, 1999. ISBN 0810834669.^[10]

Southeast Europe

• Somel, Selçuk Akşin. Historical dictionary of the Ottoman Empire. Scarecrow Press, 2003. ISBN 0810843323.^[12]

Albania

• Coughlin, Kathryn M. Muslim cultures today: A reference guide. Greenwood Press, 2006. ISBN 0313323860.^[12]
• Frucht, Richard C. Encyclopedia of Eastern Europe: From the Congress of Vienna to the fall of communism. Garland Publishing, 2000. ISBN 0815300921.^[10]

Bosnia and Herzegovina

• Coughlin, Kathryn M. Muslim cultures today: A reference guide. Greenwood Press, 2006. ISBN 0313323860.^[12]
• Frucht, Richard C. Encyclopedia of Eastern Europe: From the Congress of Vienna to the fall of communism. Garland Publishing, 2000. ISBN 0815300921.^[10]
• Roman, Eric. Austria-Hungary and the successor states: A reference guide from the Renaissance to the present. Facts On File, 2003. ISBN 0816045372.^[10]
• Šuster, Željan. Historical dictionary of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia. Scarecrow Press, 1999. ISBN 0810834669.^[10]

Bulgaria

• Detrez, Raymond. Historical dictionary of Bulgaria. Scarecrow Press, 2006. ISBN 978-0-8108-4901-3.^[10]
• Kumanov, Milen, Kolinka Isova. Istoricheska entsiklopediia Bulgariia. Trud, 2003. ISBN 9545282029.^[10]
• Frucht, Richard C. Encyclopedia of Eastern Europe: From the Congress of Vienna to the fall of communism. Garland Publishing, 2000. ISBN 0815300921.^[10]

Cyprus

• Gascoigne, Bamber. Encyclopedia of Britain. Macmillan, 1993. ISBN 0028971426.^[10]

Greece

Macedonia

• Frucht, Richard C. Encyclopedia of Eastern Europe: From the Congress of Vienna to the fall of communism. Garland Publishing, 2000. ISBN 0815300921.^[10]
• Kiselinovski, Stojan, Institut za nacionalna istorija (Skopje, Macedonia). Makedonski istoriski recnik. Institut za nacionalna istorija, 2000. ISBN 9989624461.^[10]
• Roman, Eric. Austria-Hungary and the successor states: A reference guide from the Renaissance to the present. Facts On File, 2003. ISBN 0816045372.^[10]
• Šuster, Željan. Historical dictionary of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia. Scarecrow Press, 1999. ISBN 0810834669.^[10]

Montenegro

• Frucht, Richard C. Encyclopedia of Eastern Europe: From the Congress of Vienna to the fall of communism. Garland Publishing, 2000. ISBN 0815300921.^[10]
• Roman, Eric. Austria-Hungary and the successor states: A reference guide from the Renaissance to the present. Facts On File, 2003. ISBN 0816045372.^[10]
• Šuster, Željan. Historical dictionary of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia. Scarecrow Press, 1999. ISBN 0810834669.^[10]

Romania

Serbia

• Frucht, Richard C. Encyclopedia of Eastern Europe: From the Congress of Vienna to the fall of communism. Garland Publishing, 2000. ISBN 0815300921.^[10]
• Roman, Eric. Austria-Hungary and the successor states: A reference guide from the Renaissance to the present. Facts On File, 2003. ISBN 0816045372.^[10]
• Šuster, Željan. Historical dictionary of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia. Scarecrow Press, 1999. ISBN 0810834669.^[10]

Turkey

• Bienkowski, Piotr, A. R. Millard. Dictionary of the ancient Near East. University of Pennsylvania Press, 2000. ISBN 0812235576.^[12]
• Coughlin, Kathryn M. Muslim cultures today: A reference guide. Greenwood Press, 2006. ISBN 0313323860.^[12]
• Gunter, Michael M. Historical dictionary of the Kurds. Scarecrow Press, 2004. ISBN 0810848708.^[12]
• Heper, Metin. Historical dictionary of Turkey. Scarecrow Press, 2002. ISBN 0810841339.^[12]
• Leick, Gwendolyn. Historical dictionary of Mesopotamia. Scarecrow Press, 2003. ISBN 0810846497.^[12]
• Mawṣililī, Ahmad. Historical dictionary of Islamic fundamentalist movements in the Arab world, Iran, and Turkey. Scarecrow Press, 1999. ISBN 0810836092.^[25]
• Sauer, Jutta. Türkisches biographisches archiv (TBA). K. G. Saur, 1999–2002. ISBN 3598342845.^[12]

Northern Europe

Baltic states

Estonia

Latvia

Lithuania

Finland

• Alho, Olli, Hildi Hawkins, Päivi Vallisaari Suomalaisen Kirjallisuuden Seura. Finland, a cultural encyclopedia. Finnish Literature Society, 1997. ISBN 9517178859.^[10]
• Hayes, Derek. Historical atlas of the Arctic. Douglas and McIntyre; University of Washington Press, 2003. ISBN 1553650042.^[9]
• Holland, Clive. Arctic exploration and development, c. 500 B.C. to 1915: An encyclopedia. Garland Publ., 1994. ISBN 0824076486.^[9]
• Mills, William J. Exploring polar frontiers: A historical encyclopedia. ABC-CLIO, 2003. ISBN 1576074226.^[9]
• Nuttall, Mark. Encyclopedia of the Arctic. Routledge, 2005. ISBN 1579584365.^[9]
• Pulsiano, Phillip, Kirsten Wolf, Paul Acker. Medieval Scandinavia: An encyclopedia. Garland, 1993. ISBN 0824047877.^[10]

Iceland

• Hálfdanarson, Guðmundur. Historical dictionary of Iceland. Scarecrow Press, 1997. ISBN 0810833522.^[10]
• Hayes, Derek. Historical atlas of the Arctic. Douglas and McIntyre; University of Washington Press, 2003. ISBN 1553650042.^[9]
• Holland, Clive. Arctic exploration and development, c. 500 B.C. to 1915: An encyclopedia. Garland Publ., 1994. ISBN 0824076486.^[9]
• Mills, William J. Exploring polar frontiers: A historical encyclopedia. ABC-CLIO, 2003. ISBN 1576074226.^[9]
• Nuttall, Mark. Encyclopedia of the Arctic. Routledge, 2005. ISBN 1579584365.^[9]
• Pulsiano, Phillip, Kirsten Wolf, Paul Acker. Medieval Scandinavia: An encyclopedia. Garland, 1993. ISBN 0824047877.^[10]

Ireland

• Ciment, James, Thaddeus Russell. The home front encyclopedia: United States, Britain, and Canada in World Wars I and II. ABC-CLIO, 2007. ISBN 978-1-57607-849-5.^[2]
• Donnelly, James S., Jr., Karl S. Bottigheimer. Encyclopedia of Irish history and culture. Macmillan Reference USA, 2004. ISBN 0028659023.^[10]
• Haigh, Christopher. The Cambridge Historical Encyclopedia of Great Britain and Ireland. Cambridge University Press, 1985.^[10][44]
• Jenkins, Ellen J. Eighteenth-Century British Historians. Thomson Gale, 2007. ISBN 9780787681548.^[5]
• Lalor, Brian, Frank McCourt. The encyclopedia of Ireland. Yale University Press, 2003. ISBN 0300094426.^[10]

Scandinavia

• Nordstrom, Byron J. Dictionary of Scandinavian History. Greenwood, 1986.^[13]
• Pulsiano, Phillip, Kirsten Wolf, Paul Acker. Medieval Scandinavia: An encyclopedia. Garland, 1993. ISBN 0824047877.^[10]

Denmark

• Pulsiano, Phillip, Kirsten Wolf, Paul Acker. Medieval Scandinavia: An encyclopedia. Garland, 1993. ISBN 0824047877.^[10]

Norway

• Hayes, Derek. Historical atlas of the Arctic. Douglas and McIntyre; University of Washington Press, 2003. ISBN 1553650042.^[9]
• Holland, Clive. Arctic exploration and development, c. 500 B.C. to 1915: An encyclopedia. Garland Publ., 1994. ISBN 0824076486.^[9]
• Mills, William J. Exploring polar frontiers: A historical encyclopedia. ABC-CLIO, 2003. ISBN 1576074226.^[9]
• Nuttall, Mark. Encyclopedia of the Arctic. Routledge, 2005. ISBN 1579584365.^[9]
• Pulsiano, Phillip, Kirsten Wolf, Paul Acker. Medieval Scandinavia: An encyclopedia. Garland, 1993. ISBN 0824047877.^[10]
• Sjåvik, Jan. Historical dictionary of Norway. Scarecrow Press, 2008. ISBN 978-0-8108-5753-7.^[10]

Sweden

• Hayes, Derek. Historical atlas of the Arctic. Douglas and McIntyre; University of Washington Press, 2003. ISBN 1553650042.^[9]
• Holland, Clive. Arctic exploration and development, c. 500 B.C. to 1915: An encyclopedia. Garland Publ., 1994. ISBN 0824076486.^[9]
• Mills, William J. Exploring polar frontiers: A historical encyclopedia. ABC-CLIO, 2003. ISBN 1576074226.^[9]
• Nuttall, Mark. Encyclopedia of the Arctic. Routledge, 2005. ISBN 1579584365.^[9]
• Pulsiano, Phillip, Kirsten Wolf, Paul Acker. Medieval Scandinavia: An encyclopedia. Garland, 1993. ISBN 0824047877.^[10]
• Scobbie, Irene. Historical dictionary of Sweden. Scarecrow Press, 2006. ISBN 9780810853751.^[10]

United Kingdom

• Alexander, Marc. A companion to the royal heritage of Britain. Sutton, 2005. ISBN 0750932686; ISBN 9780750932684.^[10]
• Cannon, John Ashton. The Oxford companion to British history. Oxford University Press, 2002.^[10]
• Ciment, James, Thaddeus Russell. The home front encyclopedia: United States, Britain, and Canada in World Wars I and II. ABC-CLIO, 2007. ISBN 978-1-57607-849-5.^[2]
• Cook, Chris. The Routledge companion to Britain in the nineteenth century, 1815–1914. Routledge, 2005. ISBN 0415359694.^[10]
• Cook, Chris, John Stevenson. The Longman companion to Britain since 1945. Longman, 2000. ISBN 0582356741.^[10]
• Dabydeen, David, John Gilmore, Cecily Jones. The Oxford companion to Black British history. Oxford University Press, 2007. ISBN 9780192804396.^[10]
• Gascoigne, Bamber. Encyclopedia of Britain. Macmillan, 1993. ISBN 0028971426.^[10]
• Haigh, Christopher. The Cambridge Historical Encyclopedia of Great Britain and Ireland. Cambridge University Press, 1985.^[10][44]
• Jenkins, Ellen J. Eighteenth-Century British Historians. Thomson Gale, 2007. ISBN 9780787681548.^[5]
• Newman, Gerald, Leslie Ellen Brown. Britain in the Hanoverian age, 1714–1837: An encyclopedia. Garland Publishing, 1997. ISBN 0815303963.^[10]
• Richardson, John, Brian Christmas. The local historian's encyclopedia. Historical Publications, 2003. ISBN 0948667834.^[1]
• Wagner, J. A. Encyclopedia of the Wars of the Roses. ABC-CLIO, 2001. ISBN 1851093583.^[10]

England

• Fritze, Ronald H., William B. Robison. Historical dictionary of late medieval England, 1272–1485. Greenwood Press, c2002. ISBN 0313291241.^[10]
• Griffiths, Dennis. The encyclopedia of the British press, 1422–1992. St. Martin's Press, 1992. ISBN 0312086334.^[36]
• Kinney, Arthur F., David W. Swain, Eugene D. Hill. Tudor England: An encyclopedia. Garland, 2001.^[10]
• Ollard, S. L., Gordon Crosse, Maurice Francis Bond. A dictionary of English church history. A.R. Mowbray; Morehouse-Gorham, [1948].^[25]
• Watts, V. E., John Insley, Margaret Gelling. The Cambridge dictionary of English place-names: Based on the collections of the English Place-Name Society. Cambridge University Press, 2004. ISBN 0521362091.^[1]

Northern Ireland

• Donnelly, James S., Jr., Karl S. Bottigheimer. Encyclopedia of Irish history and culture. Macmillan Reference USA, 2004. ISBN 0028659023.^[10]
• Lalor, Brian, Frank McCourt. The encyclopedia of Ireland. Yale University Press, 2003. ISBN 0300094426.^[10]

Scotland

• Donnachie, Ian, George Hewitt. Collins dictionary of Scottish history. HarperCollins, 2001. ISBN 0007121857.^[10]
• Mullay, Sandy. The Edinburgh encyclopedia. Mainstream, 1996.^[10]

Southern Europe

Southcentral Europe

Italy

• Cancik, Hubert, Helmuth Schneider, Christine F. Salazar, David E. Orton. Brill's New Pauly: Encyclopaedia of the ancient world. Brill, 2002–. ISBN 9004122591.^[2]
• Dall'Acqua, Marzio. Enciclopedia di Parma: Dalle origini ai giorni nostri. F.M. Ricci, 1998. ISBN 8821609448.^[10]
• Grant, Michael and Rachel Kitzinger. Civilization of the Ancient Mediterranean: Greece and Rome. Scribner's, 1988.^[13]
• Historical Dictionary of Fascist Italy. Greenwood, 1982.^[8]
• Nash, Ernest, Deutsches Archäologisches Institut. Pictorial dictionary of ancient Rome. Thames and Hudson, 1968.^[2]
• Oxford Classical Dictionary. Oxford University Press, 1970.^[13]
• Sandys, John Edwin. A companion to Latin studies. University Press, 1929 [1921].^[2]
• Sarti, Roland. Italy: A reference guide from the Renaissance to the present. Facts On File, 2004. ISBN 0816045224.^[10]
• Secchia, Pietro, Enzo Nizza. Enciclopedia dell'antifascismo e della Resistenza. La Pietra [Walk Over], 1968–1989.^[10]
• Speake, Graham. Encyclopedia of Greece and the Hellenic tradition. Fitzroy Dearborn, 2000.^[2]

San Marino

Vatican City

Southeastern Europe

Albania

Bosnia and Herzegovina

Bulgaria

Croatia

Cyprus

• Bienkowski, Piotr, A. R. Millard. Dictionary of the ancient Near East. University of Pennsylvania Press, 2000. ISBN 0812235576.^[12]
• Gascoigne, Bamber. Encyclopedia of Britain. Macmillan, 1993. ISBN 0028971426.^[10]
• Panteli, Stavros. Historical dictionary of Cyprus. Scarecrow Press, 1994. ISBN 0810829126.^[12]

Greece

• Cancik, Hubert, Helmuth Schneider, Christine F. Salazar, David E. Orton. Brill's New Pauly: Encyclopaedia of the ancient world. Brill, 2002–. ISBN 9004122591.^[2]
• Grant, Michael and Rachel Kitzinger. Civilization of the Ancient Mediterranean: Greece and Rome. Scribner's, 1988.^[13]
• Hazel, John. Who's who in the Greek world. Routledge, 2000. ISBN 0415124972.^[2]
• Oxford Classical Dictionary. Oxford University Press, 1970.^[13]
• Speake, Graham. Encyclopedia of Greece and the Hellenic tradition. Fitzroy Dearborn, 2000.^[2][10]
• Traulos, Iōannēs N., Deutsches Archäologisches Institut. Pictorial dictionary of ancient Athens. Thames and Hudson, 1971. ISBN 0500050120.^[2]
• Whibley, Leonard. A companion to Greek studies. The University Press, 1931.^[2]

Kosovo

• Frucht, Richard C. Encyclopedia of Eastern Europe: From the Congress of Vienna to the fall of communism. Garland Publishing, 2000. ISBN 0815300921.^[10]
• Roman, Eric. Austria-Hungary and the successor states: A reference guide from the Renaissance to the present. Facts On File, 2003. ISBN 0816045372.^[10]
• Šuster, Željan. Historical dictionary of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia. Scarecrow Press, 1999. ISBN 0810834669.^[10]

Macedonia

Malta

• Berg, Warren G. Historical dictionary of Malta. Scarecrow Press, 1995. ISBN 0810830183.^[10]
• Gascoigne, Bamber. Encyclopedia of Britain. Macmillan, 1993. ISBN 0028971426.^[10]

Montenegro

Romania

Serbia

Slovenia

Southwestern Europe

• Gerli, E. Michael, Samuel G. Armistead. Medieval Iberia: An encyclopedia. Routledge, 2003. ISBN 0415939186.^[10]

Andorra

Gibraltar

• Gascoigne, Bamber. Encyclopedia of Britain. Macmillan, 1993. ISBN 0028971426.^[10]

Portugal

• Santana, Francisco, Eduardo Sucena. Dicionário da história de Lisboa. C. Quintas, 1994. ISBN 9729603006.^[10]
• Serrão, Joel. Dicionário de história de Portugal. Iniciativas Editoriais, [1975–].^[10]

Spain

• Beede, Benjamin R. The War of 1898 and U.S. interventions, 1898–1934: An encyclopedia. Garland, 1994. ISBN 0824056248.^[11]
• Cortada, James W. Historical dictionary of the Spanish Civil War, 1936–1939. Greenwood Press, 1982. ISBN 0313220549.^[8][10]
• Historical Dictionary of Modern Spain, 1700-1988. Greenwood, 1990.^[8]
• Historical Dictionary of the Spanish Empire, 1402-1975. Greenwood, 1991.^[8]
• Rodgers, E. J., Valerie Rodgers. Encyclopedia of contemporary Spanish culture. Routledge, 1999. ISBN 0415131871.^[10]
• Tucker, Spencer D., James Arnold, Roberta Wiener, Paul G. Pierpaoli, Jack McCallum, Justin D. Murphy. The encyclopedia of the Spanish-American and Philippine-American wars: A political, social, and military history. ABC-CLIO, 2009. ISBN 9781851099511.^[12]

Western Europe

Austria

• Austria from A to Z. Graz Technical University. Available online here.^[10]
• Jeep, John M. Medieval Germany: An encyclopedia. Garland, 2001. ISBN 0824076443.^[10]
• Roman, Eric. Austria-Hungary and the successor states: A reference guide from the Renaissance to the present. Facts On File, 2003. ISBN 0816045372.^[10]
• Sandford, John. Encyclopedia of contemporary German culture. Routledge, 1999. ISBN 0415124484.^[10]

Belgium

• Jeep, John M. Medieval Germany: An encyclopedia. Garland, 2001. ISBN 0824076443.^[10]
• State, Paul F. Historical dictionary of Brussels. Scarecrow Press, 2004. ISBN 0810850753.^[10]

France

• Antony, Bernard. Dictionnaire de la réplique. Godefroy de Bouillon, [2004].^[10]
• Fremont-Barnes, Gregory. The encyclopedia of the French revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars: A political, social, and military history. ABC-CLIO, 2006. ISBN 1851096469; ISBN 978-1-85109-646-6.^[10]
• Furet, François and Mona Ozouf. A Critical Dictionary of the French Revolution. Harvard University Press, 1989.^[8]
• Historical Dictionary of France from the 1815 Restoration to the Second Empire. Greenwood, 1987.^[8]
• Historical Dictionary of Napoleanic France, 1799-1815. Greenwood, 1985.^[8]
• Historical Dictionary of the French Second Empire, 1852-1879. Greenwood, 1985.^[8]
• Historical Dictionary of the Third French Republic, 1870-1940. Greenwood, 1986.^[8]
• Historical Dictionary of the Fourth, Fifth and Sixth Republics, 1946-1991. Greenwood, 1992.^[8]
• Jouanna, Arlette. Histoire et dictionnaire des guerres de religion. R. Laffont, 1998. ISBN 2221074254.^[10]
• Northcutt, Wayne. Historical dictionary of the French Fourth and Fifth Republics, 1946–1991. Greenwood Press, 1992. ISBN 0313263566.^[10]
• Paxton, John. Companion to the French Revolution. Facts on File, 1988.^[8]
• Pope, Stephen. Dictionary of the Napoleonic wars. Facts on File, 1999. ISBN 0816042438.^[10]
• Roberts, William J. France: A reference guide from the Renaissance to the present. Facts On File, 2004. ISBN 0816044732.^[10]
• Scott, Samuel F. and Barry Rothaus. Historical Dictionary of the French Revolution 1789-1799. Greenwood, 1985. ISBN 0313211418.^[8][10]
• Sellier, Jean, Anne. Le Fur, Bertrand de Brun. Atlas historique des provinces et régions de France: Genèse d'un peuple. La Découverte, 1997. ISBN 2707127515.^[10]
• Sirinelli, Jean-François, Daniel Couty. Dictionnaire de l'histoire de France. A. Colin, 1999. ISBN 2035050855.^[10]
• Suratteau, Jean-René, Francis Gendron, Jean Paul Bertaud. Dictionnaire historique de la Révolution française. Presses universitaires de France, 1989. ISBN 2130425224.^[10]

Germany

• Epstein, Eric Joseph, Philip Rosen, Henry R. Huttenbach. Dictionary of the Holocaust: Biography, geography, and terminology. Greenwood Press, 1997. ISBN 031330355X.^[2]
• Gutman, Israel. Encyclopedia of the Holocaust. Macmillan, 1990.^[3]
• Jeep, John M. Medieval Germany: An encyclopedia. Garland, 2001. ISBN 0824076443.^[10]
• Sandford, John. Encyclopedia of contemporary German culture. Routledge, 1999. ISBN 0415124484.^[10]
• Taddey, Gerhard. Lexikon der deutschen Geschichte: Ereignisse, Institutionen, Personen: von den Anfängen bis zur Kapitulation 1945. Kröner, 1998. ISBN 3520813033; ISBN 9783520813039.^[10]
• Vincent, C. Paul, Harry Ritter. A historical dictionary of Germany's Weimar Republic, 1918–1933. Greenwood Press, 1997. ISBN 0313273766.^[10]
• Zentner, Christian and Friedemann Bedurftig. Encyclopedia of the Third Reich. Macmillan, 1991.^[3][10]

Luxembourg

• Barteau, Harry C. Historical dictionary of Luxembourg. Scarecrow Press, 1996. ISBN 0810831066.^[10]

Netherlands

• Jeep, John M. Medieval Germany: An encyclopedia. Garland, 2001. ISBN 0824076443.^[10]
• Koopmans, Joop W., A. H. Huussen. Historical dictionary of the Netherlands. Scarecrow Press, 2007. ISBN 978-0-8108-5627-1.^[10]

Byzantium

• Kazhdan, Alexander B. The Oxford Dictionary of Byzantium. Oxford University Press, 1991.^[15]

Oceania

• Craig, Robert D., Frank P. King. Historical dictionary of Oceania. Greenwood Press, 1981. ISBN 0313210608.^[45]
• Lal, Brij V., Kate Fortune. The Pacific Islands: An encyclopedia. University of Hawai'i Press, 2000. ISBN 082482265X.^[45]
• West, Barbara A. Encyclopedia of the peoples of Asia and Oceania. Facts On File, 2009. ISBN 9780816071098.^[12]

Australia

• The Australian encyclopaedia. Australian Geographic Society, 1996. ISBN 1862760144.^[45]
• Bassett, Jan. Oxford Dictionary of Australian History. Oxford University Press, 1986.^[44]
• Docherty, James. Historical Dictionary of Australia. Scarecrow Press, 1993.^[44]
• Gascoigne, Bamber. Encyclopedia of Britain. Macmillan, 1993. ISBN 0028971426.^[10]
• Gilbert, Alan D. Australians: A Historical Library. Cambridge University Press, 1988.^[44]

Melanesia

Fiji

• Gascoigne, Bamber. Encyclopedia of Britain. Macmillan, 1993. ISBN 0028971426.^[10]

New Caledonia

• Sellier, Jean, Anne. Le Fur, Bertrand de Brun. Atlas historique des provinces et régions de France: Genèse d'un peuple. La Découverte, 1997. ISBN 2707127515.^[10]

Papua New Guinea

• Gascoigne, Bamber. Encyclopedia of Britain. Macmillan, 1993. ISBN 0028971426.^[10]

Solomon Islands

• Gascoigne, Bamber. Encyclopedia of Britain. Macmillan, 1993. ISBN 0028971426.^[10]

Vanuatu

• Gascoigne, Bamber. Encyclopedia of Britain. Macmillan, 1993. ISBN 0028971426.^[10]

Micronesia

• Wuerch, William L., Dirk Anthony Ballendorf. Historical dictionary of Guam and Micronesia. Scarecrow Press, 1994. ISBN 0810828588.^[45]

Guam

• Wuerch, William L., Dirk Anthony Ballendorf. Historical dictionary of Guam and Micronesia. Scarecrow Press, 1994. ISBN 0810828588.^[45]

Kiribati

• Gascoigne, Bamber. Encyclopedia of Britain. Macmillan, 1993. ISBN 0028971426.^[10]

Nauru

• Gascoigne, Bamber. Encyclopedia of Britain. Macmillan, 1993. ISBN 0028971426.^[10]

Polynesia

• Craig, Robert D. Historical dictionary of Polynesia. Scarecrow Press, 2002. ISBN 0810842378.^[45]
• Historical Dictionary of Polynesia. Scarecrow Press, 2011. ISBN 9780810867727.^[45]

Cook Islands

• Craig, Robert D. Historical dictionary of Polynesia. Scarecrow Press, 2002. ISBN 0810842378.^[45]

Easter Island

• Craig, Robert D. Historical dictionary of Polynesia. Scarecrow Press, 2002. ISBN 0810842378.^[45]

French Polynesia

• Craig, Robert D. Historical dictionary of Polynesia. Scarecrow Press, 2002. ISBN 0810842378.^[45]
• Sellier, Jean, Anne. Le Fur, Bertrand de Brun. Atlas historique des provinces et régions de France: Genèse d'un peuple. La Découverte, 1997. ISBN 2707127515.^[10]

Tahiti

• O'Reilly, Patrick, Raoul Teissier, J. Boullaire. Tahitiens: Répertoire biographique de la Polynésie française. Musée de l'homme, 1975. (French) ^[5][45]

Hawaii

• Craig, Robert D. Historical dictionary of Polynesia. Scarecrow Press, 2002. ISBN 0810842378.^[45]

New Zealand

• Bateman New Zealand encyclopedia. David Bateman Ltd., 2005. ISBN 1869536010.^[45]
• Craig, Robert D. Historical dictionary of Polynesia. Scarecrow Press, 2002. ISBN 0810842378.^[45]
• Gascoigne, Bamber. Encyclopedia of Britain. Macmillan, 1993. ISBN 0028971426.^[10]
• Te Ara--The Encyclopedia of New Zealand. Manatu Taonga Ministry for Culture and Heritage, 2005-. Available online here.^[45]

Niue

• Craig, Robert D. Historical dictionary of Polynesia. Scarecrow Press, 2002. ISBN 0810842378.^[45]

Pitcairn Islands

• Craig, Robert D. Historical dictionary of Polynesia. Scarecrow Press, 2002. ISBN 0810842378.^[45]
• Gascoigne, Bamber. Encyclopedia of Britain. Macmillan, 1993. ISBN 0028971426.^[10]

Samoa

• Craig, Robert D. Historical dictionary of Polynesia. Scarecrow Press, 2002. ISBN 0810842378.^[45]
• Gascoigne, Bamber. Encyclopedia of Britain. Macmillan, 1993. ISBN 0028971426.^[10]

Tokelau

• Craig, Robert D. Historical dictionary of Polynesia. Scarecrow Press, 2002. ISBN 0810842378.^[45]

Tonga

• Craig, Robert D. Historical dictionary of Polynesia. Scarecrow Press, 2002. ISBN 0810842378.^[45]
• Gascoigne, Bamber. Encyclopedia of Britain. Macmillan, 1993. ISBN 0028971426.^[10]

Tuvalu

• Craig, Robert D. Historical dictionary of Polynesia. Scarecrow Press, 2002. ISBN 0810842378.^[45]
• Gascoigne, Bamber. Encyclopedia of Britain. Macmillan, 1993. ISBN 0028971426.^[10]

Wallis and Futuna

• Craig, Robert D. Historical dictionary of Polynesia. Scarecrow Press, 2002. ISBN 0810842378.^[45]
• Sellier, Jean, Anne. Le Fur, Bertrand de Brun. Atlas historique des provinces et régions de France: Genèse d'un peuple. La Découverte, 1997. ISBN 2707127515.^[10]

Today in history

• Denney, Robert E., Gregory J. W. Urwin. The Civil War years: A day-by-day chronicle of the life of a nation. Sterling, 1992. ISBN 0806985194.^[11]
• Gutierrez, Pedro Rafael. Calendario historico: 500 anos de historia de Costa Rica. Universidad Autonoma de Centro America, 1988. ISBN 9977630526.^[11]
• Johnson, David E. From day to day: A calendar of notable birthdays and events. Scarecrow Press, 2001. ISBN 081083944X.^[2]
• Marsh, W. B., Bruce Carrick. 365: Your date with history. Icon, 2004. ISBN 1840466065.^[2]

See also

• Bibliography of encyclopedias

Citations

References

• Guide to Reference. American Library Association. Retrieved 5 December 2014. (subscription required).
• Kister, Kenneth F. (1994). Kister's Best Encyclopedias (2nd ed.). Phoenix: Oryx. ISBN 0-89774-744-5.