Edakkal Caves

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Edakkal Caves (11°37′28.81″N 76°14′8.88″E / 11.6246694°N 76.2358000°E / 11.6246694; 76.2358000Coordinates: 11°37′28.81″N 76°14′8.88″E / 11.6246694°N 76.2358000°E / 11.6246694; 76.2358000) are two natural caves at a remote location at Edakkal, 25 km from Kalpetta in the Wayanad district of Kerala in India's Western Ghats. They lie 1,200 metres above sea level on Ambukutty Mala, beside an ancient trade route connecting the high mountains of Mysore to the ports of the Malabar coast. Inside the caves are pictorial writings believed to date to at least 6,000 BCE,^[1][2] from the Neolithic man, indicating the presence of a prehistoric civilization or settlement in this region.^[3] The Stone Age carvings of Edakkal are rare and are the only known examples from south India.^[4]

Petroglyphs

These are not technically caves, but rather a cleft or rift approximately 96 feet (29 m) by 22 feet (6.7 m), a 30-foot-deep (9.1 m) fissure caused by a piece of rock splitting away from the main body. On one side of the cleft is a rock weighing several tons that covers the cleft to form the 'roof' of the cave. The carvings are of human and animal figures, tools used by humans and of symbols yet to be deciphered, suggesting the presence of a prehistoric settlement.^[5]

The petroglyphs inside the cave are of at least three types. The oldest may date back to over 8,000 years. Evidences suggest that the Edakkal caves were inhabited several times at different points in history.^[6]

The caves were discovered by Fred Fawcett, a police official of the erstwhile Malabar state in 1890 who immediately recognised their anthropological and historical importance. He wrote an article about them, attracting the attention of scholars.^[7]

Probable links with Indus valley civilization

The caves contain drawings that range over periods from as early as 5000 BC to 1000 BC. The youngest group of paintings have been in the news for a possible connection to the Indus Valley Civilization.^[8][9][10]

Historian M.R. Raghava Varier of the Kerala state archaeology department identified a sign “a man with jar cup” that is the most distinct motif of the Indus valley civilization.^[11] The finding, made in September 2009, indicates that the Harappan civilization was active in the region. The “a man with jar cup” symbol from Edakkal seems to be more similar to the Indus motif than those already known from Tamil Nadu and Karnataka. Mr. Varier said “The discovery of the symbols are akin to that of the Harappan civilisation having predominantly Dravidian culture and testimony to the fact that cultural diffusion could take place. It is wrong to presume that the Indus culture disappeared into thin air.” Iravatham Mahadevan, a scholar of Indus valley and Brahmi scripts said the findings were very significant called it a "major discovery".

See also

• Petroglyph
• Rock art
• Rock Shelters of Bhimbetka

Image gallery

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  Stone age writing

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  Petroglyphs dating back to about 6000 BC

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  Light shining through Edakkal caves

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  View of surroundings from Edakkal caves.

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  Going up the caves

Notes

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Edakkal Caves.

• Edakkal Caves Website
• On a history trail
• cave-biology.org Cave biology (biospeleology) in India.