List of large volcanic eruptions of the 19th century
This is a list of volcanic eruptions of the 19th century measuring a Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI) of at least 4. Note that there may be many other eruptions that have not been identified, and estimates for the size of eruptions can be subject to considerable uncertainties.
| VEI | Volcano (eruption) | Year | Casualties | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 4 | Pago | 1800 | ||
| 5 | Mount St. Helens | 1800 | The eruption was seen by Native Americans. | |
| 6-7 | 1808/1809 mystery eruption | 1808 | Greenland and Antarctic ice samples suggest an undocumented eruption roughly half the magnitude of Mount Tambora occurred, contributing to the 1810s being the coldest decade in at least 500 years.[1] Recent searches of documents suggest that it may have taken place in South Western Pacific Ocean around Dec 4, 1808 and observed in Colombia from December 11, 1808.[2] | |
| 4 | La Soufrière | 1812 | ||
| 4 | Awu | 1812 | ||
| 4 | Suwanosejima | 1813 | ||
| 4 | Mount Mayon | 1814 | ||
| 7 | Mount Tambora (1815 eruption) | 1815 | 92,000 | Largest and deadliest volcanic eruption in recorded history. Caused the "Year Without a Summer" in 1816. |
| 4 | Raung | 1817 | ||
| 4 | Colima | 1818 | ||
| 4 | Mount Usu | 1822 | ||
| 5 | Galunggung | 1822 | 4,000 | |
| 4 | Isanotski | 1825 | ||
| 4 | Kelut | 1826 | ||
| 4 | Avachinsky | 1827 | ||
| 4 | Kliuchevskoi | 1829 | ||
| 4 | Babuyan Claro | 1831 | ||
| 5 | Cosiguina | 1835 | ||
| 4 | Hekla | 1845 | ||
| 4 | Fonualei | 1846 | ||
| 4 | Mount Usu | 1853 | ||
| 5 | Shiveluch | 1854 | ||
| 4 | Komaga-Take | 1856 | ||
| 4 | Volcan De Fuego | 1857 | ||
| 4 | Katla | 1860 | ||
| 4 | Makian | 1861 | ||
| 4 | Sinarka | 1872 | ||
| 4 | Mount Merapi | 1872 | ||
| 4 | Grímsvötn | 1873 | ||
| 5 | Askja | 1875 | ||
| 4 | Suwanosejima | 1877 | ||
| 4 | Cotopaxi | 1877 | ||
| 4 | Volcan De Fuego | 1880 | ||
| 6 | Krakatoa | 1883 | 36,417 | Heard 3,000 miles (4,800 km) away. Caused a 5-year volcanic winter. The island had three volcanoes. Perboewatan (410 ft) and Danan (1,480 ft) was destroyed during the eruption while Rakata (2,667 ft) was only half destroyed but it still remains above sea level. In 1928, a new volcano called Anak Krakatoa (1,063 ft) grew above sea level, forming a new island by Rakata's island. |
| 4 | Mount Augustine | 1883 | ||
| 4 | Tungurahua | 1886 | ||
| 5 | Mount Tarawera | 1886 | 108+ | Largest historical eruption in New Zealand. |
| 4 | Niuafo'ou | 1886 | ||
| 4 | Mount Bandai | 1888 | 477+ | |
| 4 | Suwanosejima | 1889 | ||
| 4 | Colima | 1890 | ||
| 4 | Calbuco | 1893 | ||
| 4 | Mount Mayon | 1897 | ||
| 4 | Dona Juana | 1899 |
See also
- List of large volcanic eruptions in the 21st century
- List of large volcanic eruptions of the 20th century
- List of natural disasters by death toll
- Lists of volcanoes
External links
- VEI glossary entry from a USGS website
- How to measure the size of a volcanic eruption, from The Guardian
- The size and frequency of the largest explosive eruptions on Earth, a 2004 article from the Bulletin of Volcanology
- List of Large Holocene Eruptions (VEI > 4) from the Smithsonian Global Volcanism Program
- VEI (Volcanic Explosivity Index) from the Global Volcanism Program of the Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History
References
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