Otto Schniewind

Otto Schniewind
Schniewind in 1933
Born	(1887-12-14)14 December 1887 Saarlouis
Died	26 March 1964(1964-03-26) (aged 76) Linz am Rhein
Allegiance	German Empire (to 1918) Weimar Republic (to 1933) Nazi Germany
Service/branch	Kaiserliche Marine Reichsmarine Kriegsmarine
Years of service	1907–45
Rank	Generaladmiral
Unit	SMS Leipzig SMS Augsburg SMS Magdeburg
Commands held	cruiser Köln
Battles/wars	World War I Raid on Yarmouth Raid on Scarborough, Hartlepool and Whitby Bombardment of Yarmouth and Lowestoft Battle of Jutland World War II Operation Rösselsprung
Awards	Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross

Otto Schniewind (14 December 1887 – 26 March 1964) was a General Admiral with the Kriegsmarine during World War II and a recipient of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross (German: Ritterkreuz des Eisernen Kreuzes). The Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross was awarded to recognise extreme battlefield bravery or successful military leadership.

Career

Schniewind entered the Kaiserliche Marine in 1907 as a cadet. During the First World War he served as a commander of torpedoboats. When the German fleet surrendered to the British he commanded a squadron of torpedo boats, with this he partook in the Scuttling of the German fleet in Scapa Flow, after which he was taken prisoner by the British.

After being released Schniewind continued to serve in the Reichsmarine. From 1925 to 1926 he served as adjutant to the Minister of War Otto Gessler. In 1932 Schniewind became captain of the light cruiser Köln. In 1934 Schniewind was appointed to another staff function. He was promoted to rear admiral in 1937 and to vice admiral in 1940.

He served as Chief of Staff of the Seekriegsleitung from 1938 to 1941. After the sinking of the Bismarck Schniewind was appointed as successor to Günther Lütjens who was lost with the ship. In 1943 Schniewind became commander of Marinegruppenkommandos Nord. On March 1, 1944 Schniewind was promoted to Generaladmiral. On July 30, 1944 Schniewind was relieved of command and for the duration of the war he saw no further employment.

After the War he was arrested and prosecuted during the High Command Trial for his role in the invasion of Norway (Operation Weserübung) but he was acquitted, after which he was released from captivity. From 1949 to 1952 he served with the Naval Historical Team in Bremerhaven.

Awards

Iron Cross (1914)
- 2nd Class
- 1st Class (5 January 1918)^[1]
Friedrich-August-Kreuz, 2nd and 1st Class
Honour Cross of the World War 1914/1918
Order of the Sword, Commander 2nd Class (Sweden) (30 June 1936)^[1]
Wehrmacht Long Service Award 4th to 1st Class (2 October 1936)^[1]
Memel Medal (26 October 1936)^[1]
Order of St. Sava 2nd Class (1 June 1939) (Yugoslavia)^[1]
Order of the Crown of Italy, Grand Officer (23 September 1939)^[1]
Order of Naval Merit (Spain) in White (21 August 1939)^[1]
Clasp to the Iron Cross (1939) 2nd and 1st Class
Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross on 20 April 1940 as Vizeadmiral and chief of staff of the Seekriegsleitung in the OKM^[2]^{[Note 1]}
Order of the Sacred Treasure 1st Class (Japan)^[1]
High Seas Fleet Badge (30 July 1944)^[1]

Notes

↑ According to Scherzer as Chef des Stabes der Seekriegsleitung und Chef des Marinekommando Amt im OKM.^[3]

References

Citations

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Dörr 1996, p. 230.
↑ Fellgiebel 2000, p. 385.
↑ Scherzer 2007, p. 678.

Bibliography

Dörr, Manfred (1996). Die Ritterkreuzträger der Überwasserstreitkräfte der Kriegsmarine—Band 2: L–Z [The Knight's Cross Bearers of the Surface Forces of the Navy—Volume 2: L–Z] (in German). Osnabrück, Germany: Biblio Verlag. ISBN 978-3-7648-2497-6.
Fellgiebel, Walther-Peer (2000) [1986]. Die Träger des Ritterkreuzes des Eisernen Kreuzes 1939–1945 — Die Inhaber der höchsten Auszeichnung des Zweiten Weltkrieges aller Wehrmachtteile [The Bearers of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross 1939–1945 — The Owners of the Highest Award of the Second World War of all Wehrmacht Branches] (in German). Friedberg, Germany: Podzun-Pallas. ISBN 978-3-7909-0284-6.
Nietrug, Gerd (2004). Die Ritterkreuzträger des Saarlandes 1939 – 1945 [The Knight's Cross Bearers of the Saarland 1939 – 1945] (in German). Zweibrücken, Germany: VDM Nickel. ISBN 978-3-925480-93-5.
Range, Clemens (1974). Die Ritterkreuzträger der Kriegsmarine [The Knight's Cross Bearers of the Navy]. Stuttgart, Germany: Motorbuch Verlag. ISBN 978-3-87943-355-1.
Scherzer, Veit (2007). Die Ritterkreuzträger 1939–1945 Die Inhaber des Ritterkreuzes des Eisernen Kreuzes 1939 von Heer, Luftwaffe, Kriegsmarine, Waffen-SS, Volkssturm sowie mit Deutschland verbündeter Streitkräfte nach den Unterlagen des Bundesarchives [The Knight's Cross Bearers 1939–1945 The Holders of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross 1939 by Army, Air Force, Navy, Waffen-SS, Volkssturm and Allied Forces with Germany According to the Documents of the Federal Archives] (in German). Jena, Germany: Scherzers Militaer-Verlag. ISBN 978-3-938845-17-2.

Military offices
Preceded by none	Chief of Staff of the Seekriegsleitung October 1938 – 10 June 1941	Succeeded by Admiral Kurt Fricke
Preceded by Admiral Günther Lütjens	Chief of Fleet of the Kriegsmarine June 1941 – July 1944	Succeeded by Admiral Wilhelm Meendsen-Bohlken

German Colonel Generals and General Admirals of Nazi Germany

Colonel General (Generaloberst) of the Army	Wilhelm Adam Hans-Jürgen von Arnim Ludwig Beck Johannes Blaskowitz Eduard Dietl Friedrich Dollmann Nikolaus von Falkenhorst Johannes Frießner Werner von Fritsch Friedrich Fromm Heinz Guderian Curt Haase Franz Halder Kurt von Hammerstein-Equord Josef Harpe Gotthard Heinrici Walter Heitz Carl Hilpert Erich Hoepner Karl-Adolf Hollidt Hermann Hoth Hans-Valentin Hube Erwin Jaenecke Alfred Jodl Georg Lindemann Eberhard von Mackensen Erhard Raus Georg-Hans Reinhardt Lothar Rendulic Richard Ruoff Hans von Salmuth Rudolf Schmidt Eugen Ritter von Schobert Adolf Strauß Karl Strecker Heinrich von Vietinghoff Walter Weiß Kurt Zeitzler

Colonel General (Generaloberst) of the Luftwaffe	Otto Deßloch Ulrich Grauert Hans Jeschonnek Alfred Keller Günther Korten Bruno Loerzer Alexander Löhr Günther Rüdel Kurt Student Hans-Jürgen Stumpff Ernst Udet Hubert Weise

General Admiral (Generaladmiral) of the Kriegsmarine	Conrad Albrecht Hermann Boehm Rolf Carls Hans-Georg von Friedeburg Oskar Kummetz Wilhelm Marschall Alfred Saalwächter Otto Schniewind Otto Schultze Walter Warzecha Karl Witzell

SS-Oberst- Gruppenführer of the Waffen SS	Kurt Daluege Sepp Dietrich Paul Hausser Franz Xaver Schwarz

Chiefs of the German General Staff of the Wehrmacht

Chiefs of general staff of the Army	Ludwig Beck Franz Halder Kurt Zeitzler Heinz Guderian (acting) Hans Krebs (acting) Alfred Jodl (acting)

Chiefs of the general staff of the Luftwaffe	Walther Wever Albert Kesselring Hans-Jürgen Stumpff Hans Jeschonnek Günther Korten Werner Kreipe (acting) Karl Koller

Chiefs of the general staff of the Kriegsmarine	Otto Schniewind Kurt Fricke Wilhelm Meisel

Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross recipients of the Kriegsmarine High Command

Commander-in-Chief	Erich Raeder Karl Dönitz¹ (Oak Leaves)

Chief of Staff of the Naval Operations	Otto Schniewind Kurt Fricke

Marinegruppenbefehlshaber Ost	Rolf Carls

Marinegruppenbefehlshaber West	Alfred Saalwächter Theodor Krancke² (Oak Leaves)

Commander of the security of the North Sea	Kurt Böhmer Eberhard Wolfram Ernst Lucht

Commander of the security of the Baltic Sea	Hans Stohwasser

Commanding Admiral Aegean Sea	Werner Lange

Commanding Admiral Ostland	Theodor Burchardi³ (Oak Leaves)

Commanding Admiral Norwegian West Coast	Otto von Schrader

Commanding Admiral Eastern Baltic Sea	Theodor Burchardi³ (Oak Leaves)

Commanding Admiral Black Sea	Gustav Kieseritzky Helmuth Brinkmann

Commander-in-chief of the German Naval Commando in Italy	Wilhelm Meendsen-Bohlken

Commander-in-Chief of the battleships	Otto Ciliax

Commander-in-Chief of the reconnaissance forces	Günther Lütjens Hubert Schmundt

Leader of the E-boats	Rudolf Petersen⁴ (Oak Leaves)

Leader of the mine sweepers	Friedrich Ruge

Leader of the torpedo boats	Hans Bütow

Befehlshaber der U-Boote	Karl Dönitz¹ (Oak Leaves)

Leader of the destroyers	Friedrich Bonte

Leader of the Kampfgruppe Oslo	Oskar Kummetz

Commander-in-Chief of the Kampfgruppe Thiele	August Thiele⁵ (Oak Leaves)

¹ Knight's Cross as Befehlshaber der U-Boote ² Knight's Cross as commander of heavy cruiser Admiral Scheer ³ Knight's Cross as Commanding Admiral Ostland, Oak Leaves as Commanding Admiral Eastern Baltic Sea. ⁴ Knight's Cross as chief of the 2. Schnellbootflottille. ⁵ Knight's Cross as commander of heavy cruiser Lützow

Major defendants at the High Command Trial

Imprisoned	Karl-Adolf Hollidt Hermann Hoth Georg von Küchler Wilhelm von Leeb Rudolf Lehmann Hermann Reinecke Georg-Hans Reinhardt Karl von Roques Hans von Salmuth Walter Warlimont Otto Wöhler

Acquitted	Otto Schniewind Hugo Sperrle

No decision	Johannes Blaskowitz¹

¹ Committed suicide

Authority control	WorldCat Identities VIAF: 77838288 LCCN: n87836428 GND: 140072659

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