Plants of the Reserva de la Biosfera Manantlan

This page contains lists of plants found in the Sierra de Manantlán Biosphere Reserve which straddles the states of Colima and Jalisco, in Mexico. The reserve is located in the transition of the Nearctic and Neotropical realms and encompasses parts of the Sierra Madre del Sur, with a wide range of altitudes, climates and soils. The effects of tectonic and volcanic activities and erosion are notable within the reserve.

Forest types in the reserve including mesophytic, cloud, and dry deciduous and semi-deciduous tropical forests. Anthropologists know the region as Zona de Occidente, an area notably different to the rest of Mesoamerica. Some ceramic remnants, figurines and graves have been found, but there is little other material evidence. As of 1995 almost 8,000 people lived in the Sierra de Manantlán Reserve, engaged mainly in agriculture (corn, beans, tomatoes, sugar cane, watermelon, mangoes), livestock grazing, timber production, and extraction of wood for fuel and mining of coal or minerals. Another 30, 000 lived in the surrounding communities and almost 700,000 in the surrounding region of influence. ^[1]

Ecological characteristics

The Sierra de Manantlán Biosphere Reserve is located to the extreme north of the inter-tropical zone. The climate in the region is influenced by various factors in addition to its latitude, such as its proximity to the coast, the effect of its landform – orographic shade – and the breadth of the altitudinal range, which partly goes to explain the high regional biodiversity and the presence of numerous plant formations ranging from tropical forests to those of temperate-cold climates.

The Sierra de Manantlán’s varied and complex plant cover harbours a great wealth of flora. There are over 2900 species of vascular plants belonging to 981 genera. Wildlife is one of the important components of the high biodiversity in this reserve. Among the main values of the Sierra de Manantlán, in addition to its great wealth of species and its unique biogeographical characteristics, particular mention should be made of the presence of endangered or useful endemic species. So far 110 species of mammals have been reported, among which the Mexican vole Microtus mexicanus neveriae and the pocket gopher Cratogeomys gymnurus russelli, in addition to other mammals such as the oncilla, the jaguarandi, the ocelot, the puma, the bobcat, the jaguar and four species of nectarivorous bats.

Three hundred and thirty-six species of birds have been reported, among them 36 which are endemic to Mexico, such as the charismatic species: the crested guan (Penelope purpurascens), the military macaw (Ara militaris), the red-lored amazon (Amazona autumnalis) and the Mexican national symbol, the golden eagle. In terms of herpetofauna, 85 species have been recorded; of these it is known that 13 are endemic to the western and central region of Mexico: the rattlesnake, the black iguana, the frog Shyrrhopus modestus, the beaded lizard (Heloderma horridum) and the Autlan rattlesnake (Crotalus lannomi), an endemic species only reported for the area of Puerto de Los Mazos. Of the 16 species of fish identified, 13 are native and four are endemic to the region.

Most plants in the list can be found in Flora de Manatlán,^[2] and should be assumed as a reference when no other is indicated. References to other sources are included where found. The herbarium web pages at the Univerisdad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico ^[3] and at the Missouri Botanical Garden^[4] used as the authorities for names with added adjustments for the system in use by Wikipedia. Species include ecosystem, growth habit, and common names where available.

Cycads

Zamiaceae

• Zamia loddigesii:^[2] Arbusto or Shrub

Coniferae

Pines and their allies.

Cupressaceae

Cupressus

• Cupressus lusitanica:^[2][5][6] Arbole or Tree:pine forest, pine-fir forest: Mexican white cedar, Cedar-of-Goa, Cypress, Cipres, Cedro, Cedro blanco

Pinaceae

Abies

• Abies guatemalensis:^[2][5][7][8] Arbole or Tree
• Abies religiosa:^{[2][5][6][7][9]}Arbole or tree: cloud forest, pine-fir forest: sacred fir, oyamel or pinabete

Pinus

• Pinus devoniana^[2][5] Arbole or Tree
• Pinus douglasiana^{[2][5][6][8][9][10]} Arbole or Tree: cloud forest, pine-oak forest, pine forest: pino
• Pinus durangensis^[2][5] Arbole or Tree:
• Pinus herrerae:^[2][5][6][8] Arbole or Tree: pine-oak forest, pine forest: pino chino
• Pinus leiophylla:^[2][5][9] Arbole or Tree
• Pinus maximinoi:^[2][5][8] Arbole or Tree: ocote
• Pinus montezumae:^[2][5]Arbole or Tree
• Pinus oocarpa:^[2][5][6][8] Arbole or Tree: pine-oak forest, pine forest
• Pinus pseudostrobus:^[2][5][9] Arbole or Tree: pine forest, pine-fir forest: pino ocote, chamite or pachingo:

Podocarpaceae

Podocarpus

• Podocarpus reichei:^[2] Arbole or Tree

Magnoliopsida or Dicotyledons

Flowering plants

Acanthaceae

Aphelandra

• Aphelandra lineariloba:^[2] Shrubs
• Aphelandra madrensis:^[2] Shrubs

Barleria

• Barleria micans:^[2] Shrubs

Dicliptera

• Dicliptera resupinata: Herbs

Dyschoriste

• Dyschoriste hirsutissima: Herbs: Herbabuenilla, Hierbabuenita
• Dyschoriste saltuensis: Herbs:
• Dyschoriste rubiginosa or D. angustifolia: Herbs

Elytraria

• Elytraria imbricata: Herbs:

Henrya

• Henrya insularis: Herbs:
• Henrya tuberculosperma: Herbs:

Justicia or Jacobinia

• Jacobinia mexicana: Herbs:
• Justicia aurea: Herbs:
• Justicia candicans: Herbs:
• Justicia reflexiflora: Herbs:
• Justicia salviiflora: Herbs:
• Justicia spicigera: Herbs:

Pseuderanthemum

• Pseuderanthemum praecox: Herbs:
• Pseuderanthemum standleyi: Herbs:

Ruellia

• Ruellia bourgaei: Shrubs:
• Ruellia jaliscana: Shrubs:
• Ruellia mcvaughii: Shrubs:
• Ruellia novogaliciana: Shrubs:
• Ruellia spissa: Herbs:
• Ruellia stemonacanthoides: Herbs:

Tetramerium

• Tetramerium glandulosum: Herbs:
• Tetramerium nervosum: Herbs:
• Tetramerium tenuissimum: Herbs:

Ruellia or Blechum

• Blechum brownei :^[2] Herbs

Actinidiaceae

Saurauia

• Saurauia serrata:^[5] Tree: Mamey

Aizoaceae

Trianthema

• Trianthema portulacastrum: Herb

Amaranthaceae

Achyranthes

• Achyranthes aspera: Herb: Hierba de sapo

Alternanthera

• Alternanthera achyrantha: Herb:

Amaranthus

• Amaranthus cruentus: Herb:
• Amaranthus dubius: Herb: Quielite, Plante de puerco, Quielite Blanco
• Amaranthus hybridus:Herb: Quielite
• Amaranthus palmeri: Herb: Quielite
• Amaranthus polygonoides: Herb:
• Amaranthus spinosus: Herb: Quelite espinoso

Celosia

• Celosia orcutti: Herb:

Chamissoa

• Chamissoa altissima: Herb: Hierba del arlomo

Froelichia

• Froelichia interrupta: Herb:

Gomphrena

• Gomphrena decumbens: Herb:

Iresine

• Iresine angustifolia: Herb: Hierba del arlomo
• Iresine calea: Herb:
• Iresine cassiniiformis: Herb:
• Iresine diffusa: Herb: Hierba del arlomo
• Iresine hartmanii: Herb:
• Iresine interrupta: Herb: Hierba del arlomo
• Iresine nigra: Herb: Hierba del arlomo

Lagrezia

• Lagrezia monosperma: Herb:

Pleuropetalum

• Pleuropetalum sprucei: Herb:

Anacardiaceae

Amphipterygium

• Amphipterygium adstringens^[5]

Astronium

• Astronium graveolenss

Cyrtocarpa

• Cyrtocarpa procera

Pistacia

• Pistacia mexicana: Tree: Pistache

Pseudosmodingium

• Pseudosmodingium perniciosum

Rhus

• Rhus pachyrrhachis:
• Rhus schmidelioides
• Rhus terebinthifolia

Spondias

• Spondias purpurea: Tree: Ciruela cimmarona, Jocote

Toxicodendron

• Toxicodendron radicans: Vine: Yedra
• Toxicodendron radicans var. divaricatum: Vine: Yedra

Apiaceae

Eryngium

• Eryngium palmeri^[5]

Annonaceae

Annona

• Annona cherimola: Tree: Cherimoya
• Annona longifolia: Tree: Anona
• Annona muricata: Tree: Guanábana, Soursop
• Annona purpurea:^[5] Tree: Cabezo, Cabeza de negro, Soncoya, Sincuya
• Annona reticulata: Tree: Anona, Anonilla, Hilama
• Annona squamosa: Tree: Sugar Apple

Apocynaceae or Asclepiadaceae

Asclepias

• Asclepias angustifolia: Herb
• Asclepias auriculata: Herb
• Asclepias contrayerba: Herb
• Asclepias crocea: Herb
• Asclepias curassavica: Herb: Caldrona, Chichi de burra, Diente de perro
• Asclepias glaucescens: Herb
• Asclepias mcvaughii: Herb
• Asclepias ovata: Herb: Chichis de burra
• Asclepias pellucida: Herb
• Asclepias pringlei: Herb
• Asclepias sp. nov.: Herb

Blepharodon

• Blepharodon mucronatum: Vine

Cryptostegia

• Cryptostegia grandiflora: Vine: Jasmin, Rubber Vine

Cynanchum

• Cynanchum foetidum: Vine:
• Cynanchum jaliscanum: Vine:
• Cynanchum ligulatum: Vine:
• Cynanchum unifarium: Vine:
• Cynanchum sp. nova: Vine:

Gonolobus

• Gonolobus chloranthus: Vine:
• Gonolobus jaliscensis: Vine:
• Gonolobus macranthus: Vine:
• Gonolobus sp. nov. 1: Vine:
• Gonolobus sp. nov. 2: Vine:

Marsdenia

• Marsdenia astephanoides: Vine:
• Marsdenia lanata: Vine:
• Marsdenia mexicana: Vine:

Matelea

• Matelea aspera: Vine:
• Matelea balbisii: Vine:
• Matelea chrysantha: Vine:
• Matelea crenata: Vine:
• Matelea cyclophylla: Vine:
• Matelea dictyantha: Vine:
• Matelea pavonii: Vine:
• Matelea quirosii: Vine:
• Matelea sp.: Vine:
• Matelea sp. nov.: Vine:

Mellichampia

• Mellichampia sp.: Vine:

Metastelma

• Metastelma sp.: Vine:

Sarcostemma

• Sarcostemma bilobum: Vine:
• Sarcostemma clausum: Vine:
• Sarcostemma elegans: Vine:
• Sarcostemma heterophyllum: Vine:
• Sarcostemma pannosum: Vine:

Apocynaceae

Alstonia

• Alstonia longifolia: Tree:

Haplophyton

• Haplophyton cinereum: Herb:

Laubertia

• Laubertia contorta:

Mandevilla

• Mandevilla andrieuxii: Vine:
• Mandevilla foliosa: Vine:
• Mandevilla subsagittata: Vine:
• Mandevilla syrinx: Vine:

Plumeria

• Plumeria obtusa: Shrub: Cacalote, Fragipani
• Plumeria rubra: Shrub: Fragipani, Mata de Jardin

Prestonia

• Prestonia mexicana: Shrub

Rauvolfia

• Rauvolfia canescens:
• Rauvolfia tetraphylla: Shrub

Stemmadenia

• Stemmadenia donnell-smithii: Shrub: San antonio
• Stemmadenia tomentosa: Shrub: Cabrito, Rosa amarilla, San Antonio

Tabernaemontana

• Tabernaemontana alba: Shrub

Thenardia

• Thenardia floribunda: Tree

Thevetia

• Thevetia ovata: Shrub

Vallesia

• Vallesia sp. nova:

Vinca

• Vinca major: Perrienial groundcover: Quebra plato

Aquifoliaceae

Ilex

• Ilex brandegeana^[5][6] cloud forest
• Ilex tolucana: ivy^[5][9]

Araliaceae

Aralia

• Aralia humilis: Tree: Guardalagua

Dendropanax

• Dendropanax arboreus:^[5][6][9] cloud forest

Oreopanax

• Oreopanax echinops: Tree: Mano de leon
• Oreopanax peltatus: Tree:
• Oreopanax santanderianus: Tree
• Oreopanax xalapensis:^[5][6][9] Cloud Forest: Tree

Aristolochiaceae

Aristolochia

• Aristolochia buntingii: Vine
• Aristolochia foetida: Vine
• Aristolochia malacophylla: Vine
• Aristolochia styloglossa:Vine: Tecopaste
• Aristolochia taliscana: Vine: Guaco, Pacueco
• Aristolochia tequilana: Vine: Contrahierba

Balsaminaceae

Impatiens

• Impatiens balsamina:Herb: Belen

Basellaceae

Anredera

• Anredera vesicaria: Vine

Begoniaceae

Begonia

• Begonia balmisiana:Herb: Calidonia
• Begonia biserrata:Herb
• Begonia calderonii:Herb
• Begonia gracilis: Annual Herb:
• Begonia heracleifolia:Herb
• Begonia lachaoensis:Herb
• Begonia monophylla:Herb
• Begonia oaxacana:Herb
• Begonia ornithophylla:Herb
• Begonia plebeja:Herb
• Begonia stigmosa:Herb
• Begonia uruapensis:Herb
• Begonia sp. 1:Herb
• Begonia sp. 2:Herb
• Begonia sp. 2:Herb

Berberidaceae

Berberis

• Berberis incerta: Shrub

Betulaceae

Alnus

• Alnus acuminata arguta: tree: Aile
• Alnus jorullensis:^[5][6][9] pine-oak forest, pine forest: tree: Aile
• Alnus jorullensis lutea: tree: Palo de casa

Carpinus

• Carpinus tropicalis^[5][6] cloud forest, pine-oak forest: Mora blanca

Ostrya

• Ostrya virginiana:^[5][6][9] cloud forest: mora, mora rojo

Bignoniaceae

Amphilophium

• Amphilophium paniculatum: Vine
• Amphilophium paniculatum paniculatum: Vine

Astianthus

• Astianthus viminalis: Shrub: Achuchil, Sabino,

Crescentia

• Crescentia alata: Shrub Tree: Cuastecomate

Distictis

• Distictis buccinatoria: Shrub Tree: Cuije

Melloa

• Melloa quadrivalvis: Shrub Tree: Piene de chango, Lengua de vaca

Pithecoctenium

• Pithecoctenium crucigerum: Shrub Tree:

Tabebuia

• Tabebuia chrysantha: ^[5] Shrub: Primavera
• Tabebuia rosea: Shrub: Rosa morada

Tecoma

• Tecoma stans: Shrub: Flor de noche, Tronadora

Bixaceae

Bixa

• Bixa orellana: Shrub or Tree: Achiote

Bombacaceae

Bernoullia

• Bernoullia flammea:

Ceiba

• Ceiba acuminata: Tree
• Ceiba aesculifolia: Tree: Pochote
• Ceiba pentandra: Tree : Higuera, Salaton

Pseudobombax

• Pseudobombax ellipticum: Tree: Clavellina
• Pseudobombax palmeri: Tree

Boraginaceae

Bourreria

• Bourreria superba:

Cordia

• Cordia alliodora:Tree: Botoncillo
• Cordia cordiformis: Tree:
• Cordia diversifolia:Tree: Sebo
• Cordia eleagnoides:^[5] Tree: Barcino
• Cordia inermis:Tree:
• Cordia morelosana:Tree:
• Cordia prunifolia:Tree: Frutilla
• Cordia salvadorensis:Tree:
• Cordia spinescens: Tree: Bejuco negro, Bejuco prieto, Cabeza de arriera

Ehretia

• Ehretia latifolia: Tree

Heliotropium

• Heliotropium fallax: Herb
• Heliotropium indicum: Annual Herb: Borajilla, Heliptrope
• Heliotropium procumbens: Herb
• Heliotropium rufipilum: Herb: Jaboncillo

Macromeria

• Macromeria exserta: Herb
• Macromeria longiflora: Herb

Tournefortia

• Tournefortia acutiflora: Herb
• Tournefortia hirsutissima: Herb
• Tournefortia mutabilis: Herb
• Tournefortia petiolaris: Herb
• Tournefortia volubilis: Herb
• Tournefortia petiolaris: Herb
• Tournefortia petiolaris: Herb

Buddlejaceae

Buddleja

• Buddleja cordata: Shrub: Topozan, Tepoza, butterfly bush
• Buddleja parviflora:^[9] Shrub: Tepozan
• Buddleja sessiliflora: Shrub: Tepozan

Burseraceae

Bursera

• Bursera bipinata:^[5] Tree
• Bursera bipinata x Bursera copalifera: Tree
• Bursera copalifera:^[5] Tree
• Bursera diversifolia: Tree
• Bursera fagaroides:^[5]Tree: Copal, Cuajiote
• Bursera grandifolia: Tree: Cuajiote colorado
• Bursera graveolens:^[5] Tree: Palo Santo
• Bursera heteresthes:Tree
• Bursera kerberi:Tree
• Bursera multijuga:Tree
• Bursera penicillata:Tree
• Bursera rhoifolia:Tree
• Bursera schlechtendalii:Tree
• Bursera simaruba:^[5] Tree: Cuajiote Blanco
• Bursera sp. nov:

Commiphora

• Commiphora sarcopoda: Tree

Terebinthus

• Terebinthus acuminata: Tree

Cactaceae

Acanthocereus

• Acanthocereus occidentalis: Cactus Vine

Cephalocereus

• Cephalocereus alensis: Cactus Barrel: Sonora

Epiphyllum

• Epiphyllum anguliger: Cactus Vine: Pitayita

Ferocactus

• Ferocactus reppenhagenii: Cactus Barrel: Biznaga

Heliocereus

• Heliocereus speciosus: Cactus Vine: Pitayita

Hylocereus

• Hylocereus ocamponis: Cactus Vine: Pitahaya
• Hylocereus purpusii: Cactus Vine:

Mammillaria

• Mammillaria beneckei: Cactus Barrell:
• Mammillaria reppenhagenii: Cactus Barrell: Biznaguita
• Mammillaria scrippsiana: Cactus Barrell
• Mammillaria supraflumen: Cactus Barrell

Neobuxbaumia

• Neobuxbaumia mezcalensis:^[5]

Nopalea

• Nopalea karwinskiana: Cactus nopal: Nopal de venadillo, Prickly pear, Tuna

Opuntia

• Opuntia atropes: Cactus nopal:
• Opuntia fuliginosa: Cactus nopal: Nopal, Tuna
• Opuntia puberula: Cactus nopal: Nopal

Pachycereus

• Pachycereus pecten-aboriginum:^[5] Cactus organo: Pitayo cimmaron, Huevo de sopilote

Peniocereus

• Peniocereus cuixmalensis: Cactus vine

Pereskiopsis

• Pereskiopsis aquosa: Cactus bush
• Pereskiopsis diguetii: Cactus bush: Patilona, Patilon

Rhipsalis

• Rhipsalis baccifera: Cactus herb

Selenicereus

• Selenicereus atropilosus: Cactus vine
• Selenicereus vagans: Cactus vine

Stenocereus

• Stenocereus queretaroensis:^[5] Organo huevo de sopilote, Petaya, Pitayita

Callitrichaceae

Callitriche

• Callitriche heterophylla: Aquatic herb

Campanulaceae or Lobeliaceae

Diastatea

• Diastatea micrantha:

Heterotoma

• Heterotoma lobelioides var. glabra: Herb annual

Lobelia

• Lobelia cordifolia: Herb annual
• Lobelia fenestralis: Herb annual: Herb annual
• Lobelia jaliscensis: Herb annual: Jalisco
• Lobelia laxiflora: Herb annual
• Lobelia longicaulis: Herb annual
• Lobelia occidentalis: Herb annual

Capparaceae

Capparis

• Capparis mollicella: Shrub: Periquillo, Caper
• Capparis quiriguensis Shrub

Cleome

• Cleome pilosa: Annual herb
• Cleome speciosa: Annual herb: Volantin
• Cleome tenuis: Annual herb: Iltis
• Cleome viscosa:Annual herb

Crateva

• Crateva palmeri: Tree: Cascaron, Granadilla

Morisonia

• Morisonia americana: Tree: Chico cimarron, Rasca, Chicozapote

Capparaceae or Resedaceae

Forchhammeria

• Forchhammeria pallida:
• Forchhammeria sessifolia:

Caprifoliaceae

Lonicera

• Lonicera acutifolia> Shrub, Honeysuckle

Symphoricarpos

• Symphoricarpos microphyllus> Shrub

Caprifoliaceae or Adoxaceae

Viburnum

• Viburnum hartwegii:^[9] Shrub
• Viburnum microcarpum: Shrub

Caricaceae

Carica

• Carica papaya: Tree : Papaya

Jacaratia

• Jacaratia mexicana:^[5] Tree: Bonete,

Jarilla

• Jarilla chocola: Tree

Caryophyllaceae

Alsine

• Alsine sp.: Herb

Arenaria

• Arenaria lanuginosa: Herb: Sandwort
• Arenaria megalantha: Herb: Sandwort

Cerastium

<* Cerastium nutans: Herb: Chickweed <* Cerastium sinaloense: Herb: Chickweed

Drymaria

• Drymaria cordata: Herb
• Drymaria excisa: Herb
• Drymaria gracilis: Herb
• Drymaria minuscula: Herb
• Drymaria villosa: Herb

Stellaria

• Stellaria cuspidata: Herb: Chickweed

Celastraceae

Celastrus

• Celastrus pringlei: Shrub: Bejuco relumbroso, Junquillo

Perrottetia

• Perrottetia longistylis: Bush

Rhacoma

• Rhacoma eucymosa: Tree
• Rhacoma managuatillo:

Schaefferia

• Schaefferia frutescens: Shrub:
• Schaefferia pilosa: Shrub:

Wimmeria

• Wimmeria lanceolata: Shrub: Zarcillito

Zinowiewia

• Zinowiewia concinna:^[5][6][9] Cloud forest: Shrub: Librillo

Chenopodiaceae

Chenopodium

• Chenopodium ambrosioides: Herb Annual:
• Chenopodium graveolens: Herb Annual: Epazote

Chloranthaceae

Hedyosmum

• Hedyosmum mexicanum:^[6] Cloud forest: Tree : Guardalagua

Chrysobalanaceae

Couepia

• Couepia polyandra: Shrub: Zapotillo

Licania

• Licania retifolia: Shrub:

Clethraceae

Clethra

• Clethra fragans:^[5] not in Vazquez : Bush
• Clethra rosei: Bush: Canelo, Roble
• Clethra vicentina:^[6][9] Cloud forest, Pine-oak forest: Bush: Cucharo
• Clethra sp.: : Bush

Cochlospermaceae or Bixaceae

Cochlospermum

• Cochlospermum vitifolium:^[5] Arbole or Tree: Panicua

Combretaceae

Combretum

• Combretum fruticosumTrepedora or Vine: Peine de chango, Peinecillo

Compositae or Asteraceae

Acmella

• Acmella alba: Herb: Toothache plant
• Acmella oppositifolia: Herbs: Toothache plant

Ageratum

• Ageratum corymbosum: Annual Herb
• Ageratum corymbosum: Annual Herb
• Ageratum corymbosum fo. albiflorum: Annual Herb
• Ageratum houstonianum: Annual Herb

Alloispermum

• Alloispermum colimense: Annual Herb
• Alloispermum integrifolium: Annual Herb
• Alloispermum palmeri var. palmeri: Annual Herb
• Alloispermum scabrum var. scabrum: Annual Herb

Archibaccharis

• Archibaccharis asperifolia: Shrub or Arbusto
• Archibaccharis hieracioides var. glandulosa: Shrub or Arbusto
• Archibaccharis schiedeana: Shrub or Arbusto
• Archibaccharis serratifolia: Shrub or Arbusto

Aster or Symphyotrichum

• Aster moranensis: Herb: Hojasen
• Aster subulatus: Herb

Baccharis

• Baccharis heterophylla: Shrub, Arbusto, Caracuata cimarrona
• Baccharis multiflora: Shrub, Arbusto
• Baccharis occidentalis: Shrub, Arbusto
• Baccharis pteronioides: Shrub, Arbusto: Escoba, Jarilla, Yerba de pasm
• Baccharis salicifolia: Shrub, Arbusto: Mule fat
• Baccharis trinervis: Shrub, Arbusto: Heirba de arlomo

Baltimora

• Baltimora geminata: Herb

Bidens

• Bidens acrifolia: Herb
• Bidens aequisquama var. aequisquama: Herb
• Bidens odorata var. odorata: Herb
• Bidens odorata var. rosea: Herb
• Bidens ostruthioides: Herb
• Bidens pilosa: Herb: Beggarticks, Aceitilla
• Bidens reptans var. urbanii: Herb
• Bidens riparia var. refracta: Herb
• Bidens rostrata: Herb
• Bidens squarrosa: Herb
• Bidens triplinervia: Herb

Brickellia

• Brickellia adenolepis: Herb
• Brickellia cardiophylla: Herb
• Brickellia diffusa: Herb
• Brickellia filipes: Herb
• Brickellia jaliscensis: Herb
• Brickellia magnifica: Shrub or Arbusto:
• Brickellia scoparia: Herb or Shrub or Arbusto
• Brickellia secundiflora var. monticola: Herb or Shrub or Arbusto
• Brickellia squarrosa:^[5] Herb or Shrub or Arbusto
• Brickellia subuligera: Arbusto or Shrub

Calea

• Calea urticifolia var. urticifolia: Arbusto, Shrub: Amargocilla, Regama, Tacote amargoso

Carminatia

• Carminatia recondita: Herb
• Carminatia tenuiflora: Herb

Chaptalia

• Chaptalia leucocephala: Herb

Chrysanthemum

• Chrysanthemum indicum var. mexicanum: Herb

Cirsium

• Cirsium anartiolepis: Root Perennial Herb :Cardo Santo, Thistle
• Cirsium ehrenbergii: Root Perennial Herb
• Cirsium mexicanum: Root Perennial Herb
• Cirsium tolucanum: Root Perennial
• Cirsium sp. nov.: Root Perennial; Cardo Santo

Clibadium

• Clibadium arboreum: Herb

Conyza

• Conyza apurensis: Herb
• Conyza bonariensis: Herb
• Conyza canadensis: Herb
• Conyza confusa: Herb
• Conyza coronopifolia: Herb
• Conyza coulteri: Herb
• Conyza microcephala: Herb
• Conyza sophiifolia: Herb

Coreopsis

• Coreopsis petrophiloides: Herb

Cosmos

• Cosmos bipinnatus: Herb
• Cosmos carvifolius: Herb
• Cosmos intercedens: Herb
• Cosmos sulphureus: Herb

Cymophora

• Cymophora hintonii: Herb

Dahlia

• Dahlia coccinea: Herb : Charahuesca
• Dahlia tenuicaulis: Perennial Herb Bulb, Arbusto

Decachaeta

• Decachaeta haenkeana: Bush:

Delilia

• Delilia biflora: Herb:

Desmanthodium

• Desmanthodium fruticosum: Shrub:

Dyssodia

• Dyssodia neomexicana var. pulcherrima: Herb:
• Dyssodia porophyllum var. cancellata: Shrub:
• Dyssodia squamosa: Shrub:
• Dyssodia tagetiflora: Shrub:

Eclipta

• Eclipta prostrata: Herb:

Elephantopus

• Elephantopus mollis: Herb:

Erechtites

• Erechtites hieraciifolius: Herb:

Erigeron

• Erigeron longipes: Herb:
• Erigeron ortegae var ortigae: Herb:
• Erigeron polycephalus: Herb:
• Erigeron velutipes: Herb: Botoncillo

Eupatorium

• Eupatorium araliifolium: Arbusto
• Eupatorium areolare: Arbusto
• Eupatorium arsenei: Arbusto
• Eupatorium atrocordatum: Arbusto
• Eupatorium ceriferum: Arbusto
• Eupatorium chiapense: Arbusto
• Eupatorium choricephalum: Arbusto
• Eupatorium ciliatum: Arbusto
• Eupatorium collinum: Arbusto: Vara blanca
• Eupatorium conspicuum: Arbusto
• Eupatorium cronquistii: Arbusto
• Eupatorium cylindricum: Arbusto
• Eupatorium dolichobasis: Arbusto
• Eupatorium glaberrimum: Arbusto
• Eupatorium hebebotryum: Arbusto
• Eupatorium isolepis: Arbusto
• Eupatorium lasioneuron: Arbusto
• Eupatorium leptodictyon: Arbusto
• Eupatorium mairetianum: Arbusto
• Eupatorium malacolepis: Arbusto
• Eupatorium monanthum: Arbusto
• Eupatorium morifolium: Arbusto
• Eupatorium muelleri: Arbusto
• Eupatorium nelsonii: Arbusto
• Eupatorium odoratum: Trepadora, Vine
• Eupatorium oerstedianum: Arbusto
• Eupatorium oresbium: Arbusto
• Eupatorium ovaliflorum: Arbusto
• Eupatorium pauperculum: Arbusto
• Eupatorium pazcuarense: Arbusto
• Eupatorium pichinchense: Arbusto
• Eupatorium polybotryum: Arbusto
• Eupatorium quadrangulare: Arbusto
• Eupatorium ramireziorum: Arbusto
• Eupatorium rhomboideum: Arbusto
• Eupatorium scabrellum: Arbusto
• Eupatorium sinaloense: Arbusto
• Eupatorium sonorae: Arbusto
• Eupatorium vitifolium: Arbusto

Eupatorium or Ageratina

• Eupatorium barriei: Arbusto
• Eupatorium manantlanum: Arbusto

Fleischmannia

• Fleischmannia arguta: Herb: Escobita

Florestina

• Florestina pedata: Herb

Galeana

• Galeana pratensis: Herb

Galinsoga

• Galinsoga quadriradiata: Herb

Galinsoga

• Gnaphalium americanum: Herb
• Gnaphalium attenuatum var. attenuatum: Herb
• Gnaphalium attenuatum var. sylvicola: Herb
• Gnaphalium bourgovii: Herb: Gordolobo
• Gnaphalium canescens: Herb
• Gnaphalium chartaceum: Herb
• Gnaphalium jaliscense: Herb
• Gnaphalium liebmannii var. monticola: Herb
• Gnaphalium roseum: Herb
• Gnaphalium semilanatum: Herb
• Gnaphalium sphacelatum: Herb
• Gnaphalium viscosum: Herb
• Gnaphalium sp.: Herb
• Gnaphalium jaliscense: Herb

Gnaphalium

• Gnaphalium americanum:^[6]

Sonchus

• Sonchus oleraceus:^[6] serata

Senecio

• Senecio salignus:^[6]

Vernonia

• Vernonia bealliae:^[6]

Cornaceae

Cornus

• Cornus disciflora:^[5][6] cloud forest, pine-oak forest, gallery forest:
• Cornus excelsa:^[9]

Cyperaceae

Cyperus

• Cyperus hermaphroditus:^[6]

Dilleniaceae

Curatella

• Curatella americana:^[5]

Dipentodontaceae

Perrottetia

• Perrottetia longistylis:^[6] cloud forest

Euphorbiaceae

Hura

• Hura polyandra:^[5]

Sebastiania

• Sebastiania hintonii:^[6] cloud forest

Ericaceae

Arbutus

• Arbutus xalapensis:^[5][8][9] madrono

Comarostaphylis

• Comarostaphylis discolor:^[9]

Vaccinium

• Vaccinium stenophyllum:^[6] cloud forest, pine-oak forest, pine forest

Fabaceae

Calliandra

• Calliandra laevis:^[6] gallery forest
• Calliandra longipedicellata:^[6] secondary vegetation

Cercidium or Parkinsonia

• Cercidium praecox or Parkinsonia praecox:^[5]

Enterolobium

• Enterolobium cyclocarpum:^[5] parota

Lupinus

• Lupinus exaltatus:^[5]

Lysiloma

• Lysiloma acapulcensis:^[5]
• Lysiloma microphyllum:^[5]

Pithecellobium

• Pithecellobium acatlense:^[5]

Prosopis

• Prosopis laevigata:^[5]

Vachellia

• Vachellia farnesiana also called Acacia farnesiana or Mimosa farnesiana:^[6][9] secondary vegetation: huisache

Fagaceae

Quercus

• Quercus candicans:^[5][6][9] cloud forest
• Quercus castanea:^[5][6][9] pine-oak forest, pine forest
• Quercus crassifolia:^[5]
• Quercus crassipes:^[5][9]
• Quercus excelsa:^[5]
• Quercus gentryi:^[9]
• Quercus insignis:^[5]
• Quercus laurina:^[5][6][9] pine-oak forest, pine forest, pine-fir forest: Encino laurelillo, Encino asta
• Quercus magnoliifolia:^[5][6][8] pine-oak forest, pine forest
• Quercus obtusata:^[5]
• Quercus peduncularis:^[5]
• Quercus planipocula:^[5]
• Quercus rugosa:^[5][9] quiebra hacha
• Quercus resinosa:^[5][8]
• Quercus salicifolia:^[5][6] cloud forest
• Quercus scitophylla:^[8][9]
• Quercus uxoris:^[5]
• Quercus xalapensis:^[5]

Fouquieriaceae

Fouquieria

• Fouquieria formosa:^[5]

Garryaceae

Garrya

• Garrya laurifolia:^[6] cloud forest

Guttiferae or Calophyllaceae

Calophyllum

• Calophyllum brasiliense:^[5] Tree: Arbol Maria

Guttiferae or Clusiaceae

Clusia

• Clusia salvini:^[5][6] Cloud forest

Hamamelidaceae

Matudaea

• Matudaea trinervia:^[6] cloud forest

Juglandaceae

Juglans

• Juglans major:^[6] cloud forest: nogal, black walnut

Lauraceae

Salvia

• Salvia elegans:^[6] Espinosilla

Lauraceae

Cinnamomum

• Cinnamomum pachypodum:^[6] cloud forest

Persea

• Persea hintoni:^[5][6][9] cloud forest

Liliaceae or Asparagaceae

Agave

• Agave maximiliana:^[5]

Magnoliaceae

Magnolia

• Magnolia iltisiana:^[5][6] cloud forest

Malpighiaceae

Byrsonima

• Byrsonima crassifolia:^[5]Nance

Malvaceae

Ceiba

• Ceiba pentandra:^[5]

Heliocarpus

• Heliocarpus terebinthaceus:^[5]

Pseudobombax

• Pseudobombax ellipticum:^[5] clavejina

Tilia

• Tilia mexicana or Tilia americana var. mexicana:^[5][6] cloud forest: sirimo

Triumfetta

• Triumfetta barbosa:^[6] cloud forest

Melastomaceae or Melastomataceae

Conostegia

• Conostegia volcanalis:^[6] cloud forest

Meliaceae

Cedrela

• Cedrela odorata:^[5] cedro rojo

Guarea

• Guarea glabra:^[5]

Swietenia

• Swietenia humilis:^[5] caoba, cobano

Mimosoideae

Inga

• Inga vera subsp. eriocarpa:^[6] cloud forest: cuaniquil

Molluginaceae or Aizoaceae

Mollugo

• Mollugo verticillata:

Moraceae

Brosimum

• Brosimum alicastrum:^[5] mojo

Ficus

• Ficus petiolaris:^[5]

Trophis

• Trophis noraminervae:^[6] gallery forest
• Trophis racemosa:^[5]

Oleaceae

Fraxinus

• Fraxinus uhdei:^[5][6][9] cloud forest

Onagraceae

Fuchsia

• Fuchsia arborescens:^[6] cloud forest

Pentaphylacaceae

Cleyera

• Cleyera integrifolia:^[6] cloud forest, gallery forest

Symplococarpon

• Symplococarpon purpussi:^[5][6] cloud forest

Ternstroemia

• Ternstroemia lineata:^[5][9] chico curioso

Plantaginaceae

Penstemon

Penstemon apateticus:^[6]

Poaceae

Festuca

• Festuca breviglumis:^[6]

Otatea

• Otatea acuminata:^[5][7] otatillo rodillon
• Otatea aztecorum:^[5]

Piptochaetium

• Piptochaetium virescens:^[6]

Zea

• Zea diploperennis:^[5] milpilla

Primulaceae

Parathesis

• Parathesis villosa:^[6] cloud forest

Rhamnaceae

Rhamnus

• Rhamnus hintonii:^[6] cloud forest

Rosaceae

Alchemilla

• Alchemilla aphanoides:^[9]

Crataegus

• Crataegus mexicana aka Crataegus pubescens:^[9] tejocote, manzanita, tejocotera and Mexican hawthorn

Photinia

• Photinia parviflora:^[6] gallery forest

Prunus

• Prunus cortapico:^[6] cloud forest, pine-oak forest
• Prunus serotina:^[5] black cherry

Rubus

• Rubus adenotrichos:^[6] secondary vegetation

Rubiaceae

Balmea

• Balmea stormae:^[6] gallery forest

Chiococca

• Chiococca pachyphylla:^[6] gallery forest

Rondeletia

• Rondeletia manantlanensis:^[6] cloud forest

Sabiaceae

Meliosma

• Meliosma dentata:^[6] cloud forest

Salicaceae

Populus

• Populus guzmanantlensis:^[11]

Salix

• Salix bonplandiana:^[5]
• Salix microphylla:^[6] gallery forest
• Salix paradoxa:^[5]

Xylosma

• Xylosma flexuosa:^[6][9] cloud forest

Santalaceae or Viscaceae

Arceuthobium

• Arceuthobium globosum: Vine

Phoradendron

• Phoradendron amplifolium: Parasitic Epiphyte: Mistletoe
• Phoradendron brachystachyum: Parasitic Epiphyte: Mistletoe
• Phoradendron carneum : Parasitic Epiphyte: Mistletoe
• Phoradendron commutatum: Parasitic Epiphyte: Mistletoe
• Phoradendron falcatum: Parasitic Epiphyte: Mistletoe
• Phoradendron longifolium : Parasitic Epiphyte: Mistletoe
• Phoradendron olivae: Parasitic Epiphyte: Mistletoe
• Phoradendron quadrangulare: Parasitic Epiphyte: Mistletoe
• Phoradendron olivae: Parasitic Epiphyte: Mistletoe
• Phoradendron reichenbachianum : Parasitic Epiphyte: Mistletoe
• Phoradendron robinsonii : Parasitic Epiphyte: Mistletoe
• Phoradendron scaberrimum : Parasitic Epiphyte: Mistletoe
• Phoradendron tetrapterum : Parasitic Epiphyte: Mistletoe
• Phoradendron velutinum : Parasitic Epiphyte: Mistletoe
• Phoradendron vernicosum: Parasitic Epiphyte: Mistletoe

Sapindaceae and Aceraceae

Acer

• Acer saccharum subsp. skutchii:^[12] Tree: Algodoncillo, Sugar Maple: Disjunct relict of a much more northern species.

Solanaceae

Solanum

• Solanum aligerum:^[6]

Smilacaceae

Smilax

• Smilax domingensis:^[6]

Styracaceae

Styrax

• Styrax argenteus:^[5][6] cloud forest
• Styrax ramirezii:^[9]

Symplocaceae

Symplocos

• Symplocos citraea:^[5][9]

Ulmaceae or Cannabaceae

Aphanante

• Aphanante monoica:^[5]

Typhaceae

Typha

• Typha domingensis:^[5]

Urticaceae

Cecropia

• Cecropia obtusifolia:^[5]

Verbenaceae

Citharexylum

• Citharexylum mocinoi:^[6] cloud forest

Lippia

• Lippia umbellata:^[6][9] cloud forest

Verbena

• Verbena carolina:^[6]

Violaceae

Hybanthus

• Hybanthus attenuatus: Herb
• Hybanthus elatus: Herb
• Hybanthus mexicanus : Herb

Viola

• Viola grahamii : Herb
• Viola oxyodontis: Herb

Vitaceae

Ampelocissus

• Ampelocissus acapulcensis: Vine

Ampelopsis

• Ampelopsis mexicana: Vine

Cissus

• Cissus cucurbitina: Vine
• Cissus rhombifolia: Vine: Bejuco de agua, Parilla, Uva
• Cissus verticillata: Vine: Parilla

Parthenocissus

• Parthenocissus quinquefolia: Vine: Virginia Creeper

Vitis

• Vitis tiliifolia: Vine: Uva

Zygophyllaceae

Guaiacum

• Guaiacum coulteri:^[5] Tree: Lignum Vitae, Palo fierro

Kallstroemia

• Kallstroemia maxima: Shrub
• Kallstroemia rosei: Shrub

Tribulus

• Tribulus cistoides: Shrub

See also

Birds of the Reserva de la Biosfera Manantlan
Reptiles of the Reserva de la Biosfera Manantlan

Notes

References

• Balcazar Medina, Oscar Enrique, 2011. Patrones geoecologicos de indendios forestales en la Reserva de la Biosfera Sierra de Manantlan. Tesis Universidad de Guadalajara
• Cassell, B. A. (2012). Fire History of the Sierra de Manantlán Biosphere Reserve in Western México, University of Washington.
• Cerano-Paredes, J, J. Villanueva-Díaz, R. Cervantes-Martínez, P. Fulé, L. Yocom, G. Esquivel-Arriaga, E. Jardel-Peláez 2015. Historia de incendios en un bosque de pino de la sierra de Manantlán, Jalisco, México. BOSQUE 36(1): 41-52, 2015 DOI: 10.4067/S0717-92002015000100005
• Figueroa-Rangel, B. L., et al. (2008). "4200 YEARS OF PINE‐DOMINATED UPLAND FOREST DYNAMICS IN WEST‐CENTRAL MEXICO: HUMAN OR NATURAL LEGACY." Ecology 89(7): 1893-1907
• Jardel Peláez, Enrique J., Gerardo Vélica Zúñiga, Oscar E. Balcázar Medina, Ramón Cuevas Guzmán, Eduardo Santana Castellón, Luis Manuel Martínez Rivera (2013). DETERMINACIÓN DE LA SUBZONIFICACION DE LA RESERVA DE LA BIOSFERA SIERRA DE MANANTLAN. Departamento de Ecología y Recursos Naturales-IMECBIO, Centro Universitario de la Costa Sur, Universidad de Guadalajara, En colaboración con Dirección de la Reserva de la Biosfera Sierra de Manantlán, Comisión Nacional de Áreas Naturales Protegidas, Autlán, Jalisco. Febrero de 2013
• Olvera-Vargas, M., et al. (2010). "Is there environmental differentiation in the Quercus-dominated forests of west-central Mexico?" Plant ecology 211(2): 321-335.
• Vargas-Rodriguez, Y. L. and W. J. Platt (2012). "Remnant sugar maple (Acer saccharum subsp. skutchii) populations at their range edge: Characteristics, environmental constraints and conservation implications in tropical America." Biological Conservation 150(1): 111-120.
• Vazquez, Antonio and Ramon Cuevas (1989). UNA NUEVA ESPECIE TROPICAL DE POPULUS (SALlCACEAE) DE LA SIERRA DE MANANTLAN, JALISCO, MEXIC0. Acta Botánica Mexicana 8:39-45
• Vazquez, J. A., R. Cuevas, T. S. Cochrane, H. H. Iltis, F. J. Santana, and L. Guzman (1995). Flora de Manantlán, BRIT Press.