Google Answers

Google Answers

Type of site	Knowledge market Reference desk
Available in	English, Arabic, Russian
Owner	Google
Website	answers.google.com
Commercial	Yes
Registration	Yes
Launched	April 25, 2002 (2002-04-25)[1]
Current status	Online, but read only since December 2006

Google Answers was an online knowledge market offered by Google from 2002 to 2006. It allowed users to post bounties for well-researched answers to their queries. Asker-accepted answers cost $2 to $200. Google retained 25% of the researcher's reward and a 50 cent fee per question. In addition to the researcher's fees, a client who was satisfied with the answer could also leave a tip of up to $100. In late November 2006, Google reported that it planned to permanently shut down the service (except for the Hong Kong and Arabic versions), and it was fully closed to new activity by late December 2006, although its archives remain available.^[2]

History

Google Answers' predecessor was Google Questions and Answers, which was launched in August 2001. This service involved Google staffers answering questions by e-mail for a flat fee (US$3.00). It was fully functional for about 24 hours, after which it was shut down, possibly due to excessive demand and the tough competition that Yahoo! set in place.^[3][4] and Amazon Mechanical Turk.

Google Answers was launched in April 2002 and came out of beta in May 2003. It received more than 100 question postings per day when the service ended in December 2006.

Google opened related sites, one in Russia also called Google Questions and Answers and one in China called Tianya Answers, in reference to its Chinese partner site. In September 2009, Google launched an Arabic version called Google Egabat or Google Ejabat (إجابات Google), meaning Google Answers.^[5] However, in late May 2014, this service was announced to be read-only starting from 23 Jun, 2014.^[6]

Process

The site was designed as an extension to the conventional search—rather than doing the search themselves, users would pay someone else to do the search. Anyone could ask questions, offer a price for an answer, and researchers, who were called Google Answers Researchers or GARs, answered them. Researchers were not Google employees, but contractors that were required to complete an application process to be approved to answer for the site. They were limited in number (according to Google, there were more than 500 Researchers; in practice, there were fewer active Researchers). The application process tested their research and communication abilities.

Researchers with low ratings could be fired, a policy which encouraged eloquence and accuracy. Also, Google stated that people who commented might be selected to become Researchers, therefore inspiring high quality comments. In practice, however, hardly any new Researchers had been hired since the original process in 2002. For a Researcher, a question was answered by logging into a special researchers page and then "locking" a question they wanted to answer. This act of "locking" claimed the question for that researcher. Questions worth less than $100 could be locked for up to four hours, and questions worth more than $100 could be locked up to eight hours at a time in order to be properly answered. A Researcher could only lock one question at a time.

Question structure

• The clients question, to which the Researcher could respond with a request for clarification if any part of a question was unclear.
• The answer remained empty if the question had not yet been answered and only a Researcher could post an answer. Any Researcher could answer any question, although askers could specifically request a certain Researcher in the title or body of their question. After the answer was posted, the client could communicate with the Researcher to ask for clarification of the answer; the client could also rate the answer on a one- to five-star system and tip the Researcher for a job well done.
• The comment section provided an area where any registered user, Researchers and non-Researchers alike, could comment on the question. Some questions were "answered" in comments before a Researcher could answer. Naturally, this section, too, could be left empty, if no comments had been posted.

Constraints

Google's policies prohibited answering questions that would obviously lead to or contain:

• Copyright infringement and privacy violations.
• Plagiarism in homework assignments.
• Discussion of Google Answers itself, or about Google policies and mechanisms (PageRank, for example).
• Links to adult oriented sites.
• Promotion of illegal activities.

Criticism

Some librarians have criticized Google Answers as a service selling services that are part of the tasks of public librarians (in the United States). The most vocal of these critics was former Google Answers Researcher Jessamyn West,^[7] whose contract was terminated after she violated the site's terms of service by publishing an article about her experience as a Google Answers Researcher.^[8] Other reference librarians claimed that the service was not detrimental to libraries, but simply operated in parallel to them.^[9]

Other critics claimed that the service encourages plagiarism. The official Google Answers policy was to remove questions that appeared to be school assignments. However, some journalists expressed concerns that sometimes it is difficult to distinguish between a "legitimate" question and a homework assignment, especially in regard to sciences and programming.

Unconventional uses

Despite its professionalism, Google Answers had also developed its own unique cyberculture. One popular question was “What is the meaning of life?”^[10] Other questions were joke requests or Chuck Norris "facts". One popular non-conventional practice was to ask nonsense questions, offering bounties in the $2–5 range.^[11]

Because the comment section was open for any registered user, it was sometimes abused by spammers, attempting to promote a site’s PageRank by mentioning their sites. However, much of this content was removed by Google's Answers team. The site was also infested with trolls who would use carefully crafted messages to trigger flamewars or make political statements.

Closing of the service

On December 1, 2006, Google officially ended Google Answers. No new questions were accepted after November 30, 2006 and no new answers were accepted after December 31, 2006. All previously asked and answered questions are still available for anyone to view. Danny Sullivan, editor in chief of Search Engine Watch, suggested that "killing the service is probably a smarter move than allowing it to languish online."^[12] In an email sent to registered researchers announcing the closure, Google wrote:

We considered many factors in reaching this difficult decision, and ultimately decided that the Answers community's limited size and other product considerations made it more effective for us to focus our efforts on other ways to help our users find information.^[13]

Several other free and paid knowledge markets have arisen in its place, including Yahoo! Answers, Quora, Mahalo Answers, the Stack Exchange Network, and Uclue (owned and operated by former Google Answer Researchers), which more closely mimics Google Answers than most other sites.^[14]

The service was relaunched as a free one under the name Google Questions and Answers in Russian in 2007, eventually expanding to other languages as Google Baraza.

See also

• Answerbag
• Askalo
• GirlsAskGuys
• JustAnswer
• Hunch (website)
• Quora
• Yahoo! Answers

Notes

External links

• Google Answers
• dmoz reference page for google answers like websites
• "365 Days of Google Answers" A calendar with information from answers on the service for each day of the year.
• Google Guide – Google Answers
• David Sarokin, "An Insider's View of Google Answers"
• Jessamyn West. "Information for Sale: My Experience With Google Answers", Searcher, Vol. 10, No. 9. October 2002, retrieved November 21, 2006.
• Jessamyn West. "Google Answers Back Or How to Become an Ex-"Google Answers" Researcher", Searcher, Vol. 11, No. 1. January 2003, retrieved November 21, 2006.

Academic research of Google Answers

• Benjamin Edelman of Harvard University checked the Earnings and Ratings at Google Answers (pdf)
• D. Bainbridge, S. J. Cunningham, J. S. Downie, “How People Describe Their Music Information Needs: A Grounded Theory Analysis Of Music Queries” (pdf)
• S.J. Cunningham, D. Bainbridge, M. Masoodian, “How people describe their image information needs: a grounded theory analysis of visual arts queries” Digital Libraries, 2004. Proceedings of the 2004 Joint ACM/IEEE Conference, June 2004
• Tobias Regner, “Why Voluntary Contributions? Google Answers” CMPO Working Paper Series No. 05/115, bris.ac.uk
• Anne R. Kenney, Nancy Y. McGovern, Ida T. Martinez, Lance J. Heidig, “Google Meets eBay: What Academic Librarians Can Learn from Alternative Information Providers” D-Lib Magazine, June 2003, Volume 9 Number 6, dlib.org
• Sheizaf Rafaeli, Daphne R. Raban, Gilad Ravid "Social and Economic Incentives in Google Answers", jellis.net (pdf)